Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS -- GLOSSARY -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. BACKGROUND -- A. Main Feature of GST in Costa Rica -- B. Revenue Performance of GST -- C. Main Feature of CIT in Costa Rica -- D. Revenue Performance of CIT -- II. ESTIMATION OF THE GST GAP -- A. Potential GST Revenues and Definition of GST Gaps -- B. Estimation of GST Compliance Gap -- C. Estimation of GST Policy Gap -- III. ISSUES ON GST GAP ESTIMATION -- A. Analysis of GST Revenue Performance -- B. Recommendations for Improving GST Gap Estimation -- IV. ESTIMATION OF THE CIT GAP -- A. Potential CIT Revenues and Definition of CIT Gaps -- B. Estimation of CIT Base Gap and CIT Gap -- V. ISSUES ON CIT GAP ESTIMATION -- A. Analysis of CIT Revenue Performance -- B. Recommendations for Improving CIT Gap Analysis -- FIGURES -- 1. Potential GST Revenues and GST Gaps in Costa Rica -- 2. Compliance Gaps for GST in Costa Rica -- 3. GST Compliance Gaps by Sectors -- 4. Policy Gaps for GST in Costa Rica -- 5. CIT Gaps in Costa Rica -- 6. Potential CIT Base and Declared CIT Base -- 7. GST Revenues to GDP Ratio -- 8. C-Efficiency Ratio in Costa Rica -- 9. C-Efficiency Ratio in Latin American and Caribbean Countries -- 10. Net Accrued Collections of GST -- 11. CIT Revenues to GDP Ratio -- 12. CIT Productivity in Latin American and Caribbean Countries -- 13. CIT Revenue and CIT Liability (D101) -- 14. Potential GST Revenues and GST Gaps -- 15. GST Compliance Gaps -- 16. Potential GST Revenues PV[sup(C)] by Sectors -- 17. Actual GST Revenues by Sectors -- 18. GST Compliance Gaps by Sectors -- 19. GST Compliance Gaps Relative to Domestic Potential Revenues by Sectors -- 20. GST Policy Gap -- 21. Decomposition of GST Policy Gap -- 22. Potential GST Revenues PV[sup(R2)] by Sectors -- 23. Changes in GST Revenues to GDP Ratio from 2012.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Box -- Table -- Figures -- Table -- Figure -- Box -- Figure -- Figure -- Table -- Figure -- Tables -- Annexes -- A. Potential Output Estimates -- 1. Potential Output Growth and Output Gap Estimates -- B. Estimating the Impact of Intel Exit -- C. Labor Markets and Inequality -- D. Electricity sector -- 1. Methodologies for Potential Output Estimates -- References -- I. Selected Real Sector Issues -- A. Trade Linkages -- 1. Trade Linkages -- B. Real Growth Spillovers -- 2. Costa Rica and Selected Trading Partners-full title -- C. Fiscal Spillovers -- D. Financial Spillovers -- E. Monetary Policy Spillovers (the Effect of U.S. Monetary Policy Normalization) -- 1. Vulnerability Indicators -- 3. United States: Three Scenarios of Tapering Off (FSGM simulations) -- 4. The Impact of U.S. Tapering Off (FSGM simulations) -- References -- II. Cross-Border Linkages and Spillovers -- 1. Long-Term Fiscal Sustainability -- References -- III. Assessing Fiscal Vulnerability and Medium-Term Sustainability -- A. Introduction -- B. Baseline Simulation Results -- C. Sensitivity Analysis -- 1. Central Bank of Costa Rica: Sensitivity Analysis -- 1. Balance Sheet Equations -- References -- IV. The Central Bank Net's Worth -- A. Monetary Policy Stance -- B. Pass-through from Exchange Rate Depreciation to Inflation -- References -- V. Monetary Policy and Inflation -- A. Background -- B. Dangers of Exchange Rate Inflexibility and the Advantages of Flexibility -- C. Moving Toward Exchange Rate Flexibility: Experiences and Lessons from Other Countries -- 1. Historical Experiences with Transitions to Exchange Rate Flexibility -- D. Assessing Costa Rica's Preparedness to Float -- 1. Extent of Preparedness for Transitioning to Greater Flexibility: Before the Full Float -- References

Afonso Costa, brilhante académico e republicano convicto, surge aqui numa concisa biografia, assinada por Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses, que faz jus ao papel marcante que este político teve na História de Portugal, como um dos homens da transição para a República.

Ausgehend von den wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rahmenbedingungen Costa Ricas stellt der Verfasser des Handbuchartikels Entwicklung, Struktur und ideologische Ausrichtung der Gewerkschaften dar. Nach seiner Darstellung, die mit der Beschreibung der Schwerpunkte gewerkschaftlicher Arbeit endet, haben die Gewerkschaften größtenteils mittelständisch-apolitischen Charakter. Ergänzt wird die inhaltliche Darstellung durch Literaturhinweise und die Anschriften der Gewerkschaftsbünde. (KS)