In this paper, a general overview is given of the legal problems arising in the context of cross-border subcontracting operations. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties arising out of the fact that the sub-contracting agreement is intertwined with the main contracting agreement ; Cette contribution donne un aperçu général des questions juridiques soulevées par les opérations de sous-traitance internationales. L'attention se porte en particulier sur les difficultés soulevées par les relations entre le contrat de sous-traitance et le contrat d'entreprise
The Japanese system of subcontracting is even more complex than is generally thought. From a sometimes cavalier comparative perspective, the author, a spe¬ cialist in the area, reveals the recent trajectories of evolution observed in sectors associated with advanced technologies, particularly in SMEs. The classic trajectory is examined : some subcontractors (who in Japan have virtually exclusive ties with one customer) evolve from their position as sub-assembler, for example, to that of " quasi-manufacturer ". However, other trajectories are emerging : some subcontractors are going so far as promoting their own technologies, in the same way as innovatory SMEs. New industrial networks are also being created that act both as " incubators " for SMEs and a vector for new types of partnership, which looks set to revive the traditional image of " dualism " in this area.