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Intro -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Contents -- Minding the Gap(s): Different Kinds of Responsibility Gaps Related to Autonomous Vehicles and How to Fill Them -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What is a Self-driving Car and What is Responsibility? -- 3 Responsibility Gaps in General -- 4 Responsibility Gaps Related to Self-driving Cars -- 5 Should We Mind the Gaps? -- 6 Suggestions About How/Whether Responsibility Gaps Can Be Filled -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Designing Driving Automation for Human Autonomy: Self-determination, the Good Life, and Social Deliberation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ethics of Technology and Driving Automation -- 3 Human Autonomy and Driving Automation -- 4 One Concept, Three Dimensions -- 5 Driving Automation and the Self-determination of Driving Tasks -- 6 Driving Automation and the Good Life -- 7 Driving Automation and Independent Policy-Making -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Contextual Challenges to Explainable Driving Automation: The Case of Machine Perception -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Explainability and Driving Automation: An Ethical Perspective -- 3 The Contextual Nature of Explainability -- 3.1 Content -- 3.2 CAV Stakeholders -- 3.3 Explainability in Driving Automation: A Working Definition -- 4 Machine Perception in Driving Automation -- 5 Contextual, Human-Centred Explainability and Machine Perception -- 5.1 CAV Users -- 5.2 Developers -- 5.3 Legal Professionals -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Design for Inclusivity in Driving Automation: Theoretical and Practical Challenges to Human-Machine Interactions and Interface Design -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inclusivity, Transportation, and Driving Automation -- 3 From Automation to Human-Machine Interactions -- 4 From "Agent" to "Agents" -- 5 Design for Inclusivity: A Case Study -- 5.1 Preliminary Methodological Considerations -- 5.2 Case Study: Setting the Stage.

The advent of 'connected and automated vehicles' (C/AV) is posing substantial transformation challenges for traditional automotive regions across the world. This article seeks to examine both conceptually and empirically how automotive regions reconfigure their industrial and support structures to promote new path development in the C/AV field. Drawing on recent conceptual advances at the intersection of evolutionary economic geography and innovation system studies, we develop an analytical framework that casts light on how regional preconditions provide platforms for asset modification that underpin different routes of transformation. We distinguish between a reorientation route and an upgrading route. The framework is applied to a comparative analysis of industrial path development and system reconfiguration towards C/AV in two automotive regions, namely Ontario (Canada) and the Austrian automotive triangle.

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme/ ERC Grant Agreement n. [833915], project TrafficFluid. ; Summarization: This paper presents the ongoing development of the microscopic TrafficFluid-Sim simulator, aimed primarily for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) under a novel lane-free traffic paradigm. In particular, TrafficFluid-Sim builds on the SUMO simulation infrastructure to model traffic environments featuring two novel vehicle characteristics: (i) Vehicles can be located at any arbitrary lateral position within the road boundaries; and (ii) Vehicles may exert, based on their automated driving and connectivity capabilities, "vehicle nudging" to other surrounding vehicles. As such, TrafficFluid-Sim enables simulation of novel CAV movement strategies for various types of road infrastructure and is an indispensable tool for the design, testing and evaluation of the characteristics of a future CAV traffic flow as an efficient artificial fluid, as envisaged by the ongoing TrafficFluid ERC project. ; Παρουσιάστηκε στο: 24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme/ ERC Grant Agreement n. [833915], project TrafficFluid. ; Summarization: This paper develops a path planning algorithm for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) driving on a lane-free highway, according to a recently proposed novel paradigm for vehicular traffic in the era of CAVs. The approach considers a simple model of vehicle kinematics, along with appropriate constraints for control variables and road boundaries. Appropriate, partly competitive sub-objectives are designed to enable efficient vehicle advancement, while avoiding collisions with other vehicles and infeasible vehicle maneuvers. Based on these elements, a nonlinear Optimal Control Problem (OCP) is formulated for each ego vehicle, and a Feasible Direction Algorithm (FDA) is employed for its computationally efficient numerical solution. The OCP is solved repeatedly for short time horizons within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework, while the vehicle advances. It is demonstrated via traffic simulation, involving many such vehicles, on a lane-free ring-road that the proposed approach delivers promising results and can be considered as a candidate for use in further developments related to lane-free CAV traffic. ; Παρουσιάστηκε στο: 24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 321132, project TRAMAN21. ; Summarization: This paper investigates the effectiveness of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for motorway traffic involving vehicles equipped with Vehicle Automation and Communication Systems (VACS). A stretch of the motorway A20, which connects Rotterdam to Gouda in the Netherlands, is modeled in a microscopic traffic simulation environment. In order to ensure the reliability of the microscopic simulation outcome, the simulation parameters are tuned with the purpose of replicating realistic traffic conditions. The MPC framework is then applied to the calibrated microscopic simulation model aiming at the mitigation of traffic congestion in the case study motorway. The synergistic control measures for coordinated and integrated traffic control are ramp metering, with the use of conventional traffic lights, vehicle speed control, and lane changing control actions that are enabled with the aid of VACS. ; Παρουσιάστηκε στο: IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

This report presents the work of a European Commission Expert Group established to advise on specific ethical issues raised by driverless mobility for road transport. The report aims to promote a safe and responsible transition to connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) by supporting stakeholders in the systematic inclusion of ethical considerations in the development and regulation of CAVs. In the past few years, ethical questions associated with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have been the subject of academic and public scrutiny. A common narrative presents the development of CAVs as something that will inevitably benefit society by reducing the number of road fatalities and harmful emissions from transport and by improving the accessibility of mobility services. In contrast, this report applies a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to CAVs. This approach recognises the potential of CAV technology to deliver the aforementioned benefits but also recognises that technological progress alone is not sufficient to realise this potential. To deliver the desired results, the future vision for CAVs ought to incorporate a broader set of ethical, legal and societal considerations into the development, deployment and use of CAVs. To this end, this report presents a set of 20 ethical recommendations concerning the future development and use of CAVs. These recommendations are grounded in the fundamental ethical and legal principles laid down in the EU Treaties and in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. ; Please cite as: Horizon 2020 Commission Expert Group to advise on specific ethical issues raised by driverless mobility (E03659). Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles: recommendations on road safety, privacy, fairness, explainability and responsibility. 2020. Publication Office of the European Union: Luxembourg.