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The ability to negotiate is vital to cope with conflicting interests. Knowledge-handed down by practitioners and behavioral scientists-is very fragmented regarding specific social skills and precise insights used in negotiating. This article offers a conceptual model based on two en compassing perspectives: (1) negotiating as a set of dilemmas that are derived from the cooperation-"fighting" polarity and (2) negotiating as a composition of four kinds of activities, each connected to a different intention.

There is considerable evidence that environmental variables can substantially influence consumer behavior in service settings (cf. Turley and Milliman, 2000). However, research to date has focused on the effects of the physical elements ('atmospherics'), with the social aspects (customers and service providers) of the environment largely ignored. First, we provide a review of the extant literature drawing on four major streams of research from (1) previous marketing (servicescapes); (2) environmental psychology (approach–avoidance theory, behavior setting theory); (3) social psychology (social facilitation theory); and (4) organizational behavior (affective events theory). Second, we present a new conceptual model, the 'Social-servicescape'. In this paper we argue that the social environment and purchase occasion dictates the desired social density which influences customers' affective and cognitive responses, including repurchase intentions. Furthermore, we argue that customers play a key role in influencing the emotions of others either positively or negatively, and this largely determines whether they intend to return to the service setting. Implications of this conceptual model for theory and practice are discussed.

Purpose of the study: The research is aimed at reconstructing a conceptual model of POLITICS as a social phenomenon that is activated by the word politics in the minds of American people. Methodology: As an appropriate methodology, "the semantics of lingual networks" (SLN)is used to analyze a 1000-context sample of the word politics from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Specifically, a range of logical predicates (associated with POLITICS) is established and sorted by propositional schemas of basic frames. The latter is reproduced graphically in the network conceptual form and equated to the denotative meaning of POLITICS. Main findings: The conducted research made it possible to define 26 propositional schemas that are regarded as the conceptual model of POLITICS in American English. Novelty/originality: The research is the first attempt to study social phenomena via linguistic tools only – those of cognitive linguistics (the SLN methodology) and corpus linguistics (analysis of a COCA sample where these phenomena are represented) – rather than via techniques of politology, sociology, psychology and other social sciences themselves. Along with the conceptual model of POLITICS, the first-ever idea to convert it into the field cognitive model is offered as well (via operations of cognitive interpretation and prominence). As a result, the final model can be used to define what features of POLITICS are mentally the most relevant for the American community. The possibility of comparing several cognitive models of POLITICS is also stated. Applications of the study: The research results can be used for politological, sociological and psychological studies; to compile new curricula for philology undergraduates and postgraduates.

Part 3: Governance, Openess and Institutions ; International audience ; This paper proposes a conceptual model that groups different factors that can influence relationships between government agencies. The model is based on a systematic literature review of published papers related to Government-to-Government (G2G) relationships. Through analysis of selected papers, we identified, classified, and organized factors that may impact relationships between government agencies. The proposed model may help government managers to improve their G2G policies.

Despite the importance given to manufacturing focus in the
literature, the subject area continues to suffer from three interrelated
problems: lack of agreement with regard to the meaning of
"focus" the absence of a conceptual framework for
integrating the existing body of research; and uncertainty with regard
to the appropriate direction of future research. These problems should
be addressed if the focus literature is to continue to mature, and if
the true role of focus is to be understood in the light of the
"newer" strategic imperatives, such as time‐based
competition and flexible manufacturing. Introduces a conceptual model of
focus specifically designed in response to these problems. The
conceptual model identifies three distinct dimensions of focus, and
relates these to the competitive factors facing manufacturing
organizations. It is designed specifically to serve as a tool with which
researchers and managers can discuss the impact of focus at the firm
level. A review of key works in manufacturing focus is also included to
justify the structure of the model, and to show how the model integrates
previous conceptual and empirical research on focus.

This paper focuses on the customer orientation and considers an evolution of this notion, its modern interpretation, and conceptual model of customer-centric business approach. The main goal is to identify and classify the attributes of customer-centric approach. The subject of our study is a customer-centric approach, and the objects are attributes of this approach. As a research method, we use a meta-analysis of academic papers addressing customer orientation and related concepts. The model developed contains a combination of three types of customer centricity attributes and metrics of business performance of customercentric companies. This model forms the basis for further study of customer-centric approach peculiarities in different industries, and for the evaluation of the impact of customer-centricity level on business performance.

The management by trust (MBT) model is developed to ascertain the most effective system of management. It involves a trust-based managerial approach to design organizational structures and processes, assimilate conflicts, and integrate goals as an independent variable, and effective performance as a dependent variable. The theoretical soundness of the model is established through a survey of research literature, while its validity is determined through action and basic objective researches conducted by the author in India. MBT action research interventions in two plants led to significant improvement in several performance measures and generated a trusting climate. Field data collected from two industrial organiza tions in a basic objective research reveal that effective and ineffective organizations differ in terms of their adherence to trust-based and distrust-based managerial approaches, respectively. Tentatively, the MBT system seems to be an effective managerial device for accomplishing improved performance in industrial organizations.