Entre droit et philosophie , Fauteur décortique la notion d'égalité : celle de l'idéal républicain formelle et abstraite : l'égalité des chances, qui veut concilier individualisme et pluralisme : l'égalité substantielle ou de fait, fondée sur l'équité. Un concept qui suscite toujours de vifs débats -cf. le statut de la Corse ou la parité-, le pluralisme juridique ne gagnant que lentement du terrain sur l'universalisme égalitaire français.
Why do things go wrong? Why, despite all the planning and care in the world, do things go from bad to worse? This book argues that it is because we are like the ants. Just as ants create an anthill without being aware of it, unintended side effects of human activity create all manner of social trends and crises. The book traces the way these trends emerge and the role they play in some of the major issues of our time. One of the greatest challenges today is the complexity of our social and economic systems. Every action has side effects that people often ignore or fail to see. The book examines the ways in which limitations in our thinking and behaviour lead to unintended side effects. It looks at the role played by complex networks of interactions. Finally, it looks at the way side effects of new technologies, especially computers and communication, have created an Information Revolution, the full repercussions of which are yet to be seen. In our race to create new technologies and sustain indefinite economic growth, we are at best dimly aware of the ways in which we are transforming society and threatening our environment.
L'article propose de lire l' Ontologie de l'être social de Georg Lukács comme un révélateur des difficultés inhérentes au projet d'une ontologie marxiste de la société. Il défend la thèse selon laquelle Lukács explore deux perspectives ontologiques hétérogènes, qui engagent deux acceptions distinctes de l'idée d'une détermination économique des phénomènes sociaux : une perspective génétique formulée en termes de « praxis », pour laquelle la réalité sociale est fondée sur le travail, et une perspective processuelle formulée en termes de « totalité », pour laquelle la production n'est qu'une sphère parmi d'autres de la société. La coexistence de ces deux ontologies introduit une tension dans le texte de Lukács, qu'il déplace sur le terrain d'une philosophie de l'histoire à visée émancipatrice.
How do chance and coincidence enter our world? And why are so many things unpredictable? Through an accessible, exciting and amusing narrative, the author takes us into the world of chemistry, quantum physics and biology. Touching on astronomy and philosophy, we witness a rewarding journey of discovery. In the process, he develops a completely new view on chance, coincidence and randomness based on the laws of nature. Here, the omnipresent non-equilibrium plays an extremely decisive role, because it generates the complex structures in our world. Finally, on this basis, he presents an equally simple and captivating hypothesis about the nature of time. This nonfiction book provides deep insight into the fascination of research, the painful search for fundamental understanding, and the struggle for scientific knowledge. The Author Dr. Bernhard Wessling is a chemist and entrepreneur. His main occupation has been chemical product and process development, including basic innovations. In addition, he conducted basic research in colloid chemistry and physics, as well as non-equilibrium thermodynamics. As a sideline, he is one of two managing partners of a large organic farm. For decades, he has been actively involved in environmental, nature and species protection on a voluntary basis and has conducted behavioral research on wild cranes for many years. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. The text has subsequently been revised further by the author to ensure content correctness and by a professional english native speaker copy editor, Marc Beschler, in order to refine the translation linguistically.
Die Digitalisierung hat den Diskurs der Architektur verändert: Dieser ist mittlerweile von einer Fülle neuer Begriffe bestimmt, die bislang entweder keine oder doch andere Bedeutungen im Kontext der Architekturtheorie und des architektonischen Entwurfs hatten. Seine Begrifflichkeiten und Strategien werden zunehmend durch Einflüsse geprägt, die an der Schnittstelle zu wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Vorstelllungen der modernen Informationstechnologie entstehen. Ziel der neuen Reihe Kontext Architektur ist es deshalb, eine kritische Auswahl jener Begriffe zur Debatte zu stellen, die im aktuellen Diskurs eine Rolle spielen. Als Vitruv den Architekten als "uomo universale" beschrieb, schuf er dessen Selbstverständnis als eines Generalisten, der eine komplexe Realität gestaltet. Der architektonische Begriff der Komplexität hielt allerdings mit der industriell-gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit nicht Schritt, er verflachte zu einer formalen Beliebigkeit. Die architektonische Moderne setzte dagegen die Vereinfachung "Less is More". Vor diesem Hintergrund führte Robert Venturi den Begriff in den Architekturdiskurs neu ein: Es ging dabei nicht nur um eine Wiedergewinnung der Komplexität der architektonischen Formen und ihrer Geschichte, sondern auch um das Eingehen auf das Vorgefundene als konkrete Realität. Heute prägt die Komplexitätsforschung, ausgehend von der Physik, den aktuellen Umgang mit dem Begriff der Komplexität. Sie hat eine neue Verbindung zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Informationstechnologie geknüpft und ist so zu einer zentralen Voraussetzung computerbasierter Entwurfskonzepte geworden.
"Our socio-economic innovation ecosystem is riddled with ever-increasing complexity, as we are faced with more frequent and intense shocks, such as COVID-19. Unfortunately, addressing complexity requires a different kind of economic governance. There is increasing pressure on economics to not only going beyond its traditional mainstream boundaries but also to tackle real-world problems such as fostering structural change, enhancing sustained growth, promoting inclusive development in the era of the digital economy, and boosting green growth, while addressing the divide between the financial sector and the real economy. This book demonstrates how to apply complexity science to economics, in an effective and instructive way, in the interest of life-enhancing policies. The book revolves around the non-negligible problem of why economics, to date, seems to be insufficient in guiding economic governance to navigate through real and ever-intensifying complex socio-economic and environmental challenges. With its interdisciplinary approach, the book scans the nuanced nexus between complexity and economics by incorporating, as well as transcending the state-of-the-art literature. It identifies ways to trigger opportunities for behaviour change in the economic profession with respect to how to teach and what, introducing and developing further complexity economics thinking with the configuration of its main principles and outlining the silhouette of next-generation economic governance. The book deciphers recommendations both for economic theory, practice, and education and economic governance. It will be of interest to students, scholars, academics, think tank researchers and economic policy practitioners at the national and/or supranational level. Olivér Kovács is a senior research fellow in the Department of Economics and International Economics at the University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary"--
"Current management practices require adherence to rigid, global responses unsuitable for addressing the changing needs of most projects. Complexity Theory and Project Management shifts this paradigm to create opportunities for expanding the decision-making process in ways that promote flexibility--and increase effectiveness. It informs readers on the managerial challenges of juggling project requirements, and offers them a clear roadmap on how to revise perspectives and reassess priorities to excel despite having an unpredictable workflow. Complexity Theory and Project Management provides remedies through the use of teaching notes, power point slides, a solutions manual, and a toolbox of answers to common project management problems to illustrate how the deployment of complexity theory can make a project more successful. One of the first books covering the subject of complexity theory for project management, this useful guide: explains the relationship of complexity theory to virtual project management; presents current information about best practices and relevant proactive tools; makes a strong case for including complexity theory in PMI's PMBOK Guide. Complexity Theory and Project Management gives a firsthand view on the future of complexity theory as a driving force in the management field, and allows project managers to get a head start in applying its principles immediately to produce more favorable outcomes."--Provided by publisher
Cette réflexion est destinée à examiner les éléments logico-philosophiques indispensables à la compréhension du rapport entre la complexité et la machine artificielle, d'une part, puis entre l'intelligence artificielle et ses considérations méta-éthiques, d'autre part. Il se trouve que, depuis quelque temps déjà, l'intelligence artificielle prend une importance considérable dans l'informatisation de notre société. Parallèlement, la philosophie de la technoscience tend à répandre la notion de machine artificielle dans tous les univers du savoir. En témoigne le point de vue d'Edgar Morin dans l'axe méthodologique de la pensée complexe, dont il fixe les repères en rapport avec l'hypothèse du computo . Paradoxalement, la machine artificielle prête à équivoque, conformément aux exigences métaphysiques de l'esprit. L'artificiel est en passe de se placer au premier rang des neurosciences. Qui plus est, à l'aune des techniques dites d'imagerie, non sans résonance magnétique fonctionnelle, il se tourne vers le développement intense des artefacts techniques dans les sciences de l'ingénieur et dans des champs pluridisciplinaires qui sont de plus en plus innovants, mais précisons que les conditions de possibilité d'une machine artificielle ne sont pas toujours réductibles à celles d'une intelligence artificielle. S'ouvre alors l'axe épistémologique de la complexité de l'intelligence humaine doublée de l'intelligence de la complexité de Leibniz à Morin.
"This book fuses two key concerns of contemporary sociology: globalisation and its discontents with the 'complexity turn' in social theory." "The authors utilise complexity theory to analyse the shifting constellation of social movement networks that constitute opposition to neo-liberal globalisation. They explore how seemingly chaotic and highly differentiated social actors interacting globally through computer-mediated communications, face to face gatherings and protests constitute a 'multitude' not easily grasped through established models of social and political change."
La parution de Public Reason and Diversity , une anthologie d'articles de Gerald Gaus par Kevin Vallier, est une excellente occasion pour présenter la philosophie de cet auteur, décédé en août 2020, à un public français. Le travail de Gaus se situe dans une continuité critique des positions de John Rawls. Gaus défend qu'il faut prendre en compte une diversité évaluative, et donc des conceptions du politique, plus extensive que ce que Rawls accepte. Cela entraîne Gaus à reconfigure la philosophie politique comme une étude de la justification de règles politiques au sein de sociétés caractérisées par une profonde diversité axiologique. Cette diversité, loin de n'être qu'un obstacle – comme cela est généralement considéré au sein de la tradition contractualiste – peut également être une ressource pour découvrir de nouvelles informations et améliorer nos conceptions de la justice. Cet article présente les contributions majeures de Gaus ainsi que les problèmes qu'il a participé à mettre en lumière, comme la gouvernance d'ordres complexe et le fédéralisme polycentrique.
"The application of complexity theory to management and the social sciences has been a key development in theory and practice over the last decade. This approach questions the possibility of finding universal methods of practice, and proposes a pragmatic and humanistic management style that evolves out of a reflective method. The focus is on practitioners observing patterns of similarity and being adaptable in decision-making. Bringing complexity theory into management reveals the importance of organizational culture and effective communication because people, their values and their objectives are at the heart of this method. Information technology provides a framework for complex communication and knowledge use, but it cannot replace highly developed professional negotiations and cooperation. This book argues that the complexity of the public service world limits the usefulness of classical and rational scientific management approaches such as New Public Management. Excessive marketization threatens a collaborative approach and overly rigid approaches to performance management and strategic management can be dysfunctional. Managing Complexity in the Public Services 2nd Edition advances a method of management practice that copes with the stark realities of the complex and unpredictable public policy world. It develops pragmatic management practices from action research that will be valuable to both academics and practitioners. The result is a new value-based practice for the post-crisis public service world"--
