Suchergebnisse

This book describes and analyses two dialogic network practices: 'Open Dialogues' - developed for use in psychiatric crisis situations - and 'Anticipation Dialogues' - used in less acute situations such as multi-agency muddles where the helper systems are stuck. The book is both theoretical and detailed enough for practitioners who wish to apply the approaches to their work. It is meant for professionals in the fields of psycho-social work - including therapists to day care personnel, social workers to school teachers, - researchers, and academics. As the book touches upon dialogues with and w

Literaturangaben

The Mental Health Integration Index developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit describes and explores the challenges of European countries of integrating people with mental illness into society and employment, within the European Union's 28 Member States, plus Norway and Switzerland. Countries have been ranked according to estimation based on indicators of their degree of commitment to support those living with mental illness into society and employment. The Index is based on a list of indicators including the environment for those with mental illness, their access to medical help and services, their opportunities – specifically job-related - and the governance of the system, including human rights issues and efforts to combat stigma. The indicators were developed in consultation with a panel of independent experts on mental health. Key findings of the research are that Germany's strong healthcare system and generous social provision put it at the top of the Index, with the UK and Scandinavian states not far behind. However, examples of best practice "islands of excellence" in integration are not limited to the leading countries and exists in all European Countries. The Index reveals also the discrepancy between perfect legislation and poor implementation of it in practice in many European countries. It proposes that the investment figure is a proxy for seriousness in establishing good policy and practice. According to the Index some reform plans including entire national mental health programmes are largely aspirational and are grossly under-funded. Moreover various levels of government responsible for the implementation of its component parts are largely ignoring its implementation. When we consider the legislation as an promise to professionals and people with mental health problems, this promise is largely unfulfilled. The is a need for strong leadership in mental health changes process, policy capacity and real financial investments in the way of The European countries to develop community based mental health services and system of care.

R. D. LAING (THE POLITICS OF EXPERIENCE, LONDON, ENGLAND: 1969) & D. COOPER'S WRITINGS (PSYCHIATRY AND ANTI-PSYCHIATRY, NEW YORK, NY: 1971) RING OF POLITICAL RADICALISM, BUT ACTUALLY THEY REPRESENT A FORM OF BOURGEOIS THEORY. ALTHOUGH THEY ASSERT THAT INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOSES ARE A REFLECTION OF SOCIAL LIBERATION WHICH IS SUPPOSED TO CONVEY A FORM OF RADICAL THERAPY, THEY INEVITABLY FALL PREY TO UNRESOLVED CONTRADICTIONS IN THEIR WORK. IN VIEWING THE 'SCHIZOPHRENIC', LAING & COOPER HEAVILY EMPHASIZE THE PRIMARY ROLE OF THE FAMILY RATHER THAN ACKNOWLEDGING THAT THIS SOCIAL INSTITUTION IS AS MUCH A VICTIM OF LATE CAPITALIST SOCIETY AS IS THE 'SCHIZOPHRENIC'. THEY VIEW THE 'SCHIZOPHRENIC'S' AS RESPONDING TO AN UNLIVABLE SITUATION WITH A SPECIAL STRATEGY. THEY REJECT THE NOTION OF 'SCHIZOPHRENIA', BUT FAIL TO INTEGRATE THE LARGER EXTERNAL WORLD INTO THEIR SCOPE. THEY ASSERT THAT THE FAMILY VIOLATED THE 'SCHIZOPHRENCICS' INTEGRITY & IT IS THE DUTY OF THE INDIVIDUAL TO SEEK LIBERATION THROUGH HIS OWN SELF. IN RADICAL TERMS AN INDIVIDUAL CAN ONLY EFFECT CHANGE THROUGH SOCIAL & POLITICAL PRAXIS. BY SITUATING THE UNDERSTANDING OF SCHIZOPHRENIA WITHIN THE FAMILY, SOCIETY IS "SHUFFLED OUT." THE FAMILY &/OR GROUP THERAPEUTIC PROCESS THEY SUSCRIBE TO CAN ONLY BE EFFECTIVE IF THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS ARE FOCUSSED UPON. THEY RECOGNIZE THAT DIFFICULTIES WHICH INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCE ARE FOUND IN THE COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION OF THE FAMILY. SIMILAR TO FREUDIAN NOTIONS THAT NEUROSES & PSYCHOSES ARE ROOTED IN AN EROTIC & INFANTILE PAST, LAING & COOPER SAY THEY ARE DEPENDENT ON THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATION. BREAKDOWN OF COMMUNICATION IN THE FAMILY IS A SUPERFICIAL ANSWER TO A COMPLEX PROBLEM. COMMUNICATION IS A MOMENT OF EXISTENCE; BUT IT LEADS THEM TO MAKE THE BOURGEOIS ERROR OF VIEWING THE PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION AS UNIVERSAL & TRANSHISTORICAL. SINCE THE ROOTS OF LAING & COOPER'S WRITINGS ARE IN EXISTENTIALISM, THE EMPHASIS ON 'I' REPLACES SOCIAL & OBJECTIVE REALITY. THE RESULT IS AN EROSION INTO SPIRITUALISM & THE CONFUSION OF PSYCHIC AID WITH LIBERATION. A. KARMEN.

Viewing "mental illness" as behavior comprehensible in terms of communication and interaction within social systems—especially the family—rather than as individual "pathology" has recently led to revolutionary developments in psychiatric thinking and practice. Anthropologists have been central in developing the conception of communication underlying this advance and the general ideas about behavior and social interaction involved closely parallel anthropological views, yet there has been little feedback from psychiatry to anthropology during this period. This paper outlines the basic features of this communicational viewpoint, describes its significance for psychiatry, and suggests related potential applications in anthropology.

THE AUTHORS POINT OUT THAT THE POLITICAL SUCCESS OF A TERRORIST ACT SHOULD BE EVALUATED PRIMARILY IN TERMS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS THAT THE ACT HAS ON ITS MASS "AUDIENCE," AND THAT DOMESTIC TERRORISTS SEEK ACCESS TO COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN ORDER TO CHANGE PERCEPTIONS OF ITS AUDIENCE. THEY CALL FOR RESEARCH ON THE SYSTEMATIC PROCESSES INVOLVED AND STRUCTURE A DESIGN FOR CASE-STUDIES.