Suchergebnisse

This book covers the gamut of coastal hazards that result from short-term low-frequency events and have high-magnitude and far-reaching impacts on coastal zones the world over. Much of the world's population now lives in low-lying coastal zones that are inherently vulnerable to natural hazards such as flooding from hurricanes, tropical storms and northeastern storm surges; shoreline (beach and dune) erosion; cliff and bluff failures; and saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers used for drinking water supplies. In addition to the usual range of hydrometeorological disasters in coastal zones, this book covers tsunami impacts and warning systems as well as global perspectives of sea-level rise impacts and human perceptions of potential vulnerabilities resulting from rip currents that cause many drownings each year on beaches. Today, the use of numerical models that help predict vulnerabilities and provide a basis for shore protection measures is important in modern scientific and engineering systems. Final considerations focus on human actions in the form of the urbanization and industrialization of the coast, shore protection measures, and indicate how environmental degradation around coastal conurbations exacerbates the potential for unwanted impacts. Strategies for environmental management in coastal zones, from low-lying wetlands to high cliffs and rocky promontories, are highlighted as a means of living in harmony with Nature and not trying to conquer it.

Cover -- Half-title page -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 The conservation of coastal biodiversity -- Part I Biodiversity Status of Coastal Habitats -- 2 Global patterns of mangrove extinction risk: implications for ecosystem services and biodiversity loss -- 3 Open-coast sandy beaches and coastal dunes -- 4 Biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of seagrass meadows -- 5 Cascading effects of global oyster reef loss on the health of estuaries -- 6 Biodiversity status of coastal dune forests in South Africa -- 7 The distribution and conservation of birds of coastal salt marshes -- Part II Emerging Threats -- 8 The impacts of invasive species on coastal marine ecosystems -- 9 Climate change and conservation of waders -- 10 The impacts of climate change on marine turtle reproductive success -- 11 The effects of spilled oil on coastal ecosystems: lessons from the Exxon Valdez spill -- 12 Overexploitation of marine species and its consequences for terrestrial biodiversity along coasts -- Part III Synthesis -- 13 A research agenda for coastal biodiversity conservation -- Index.

Cover -- Copyright -- Title Page -- Contents -- The Coastline -- Waves, Tides, and Currents -- Sandy Shores -- Kelp Forests -- Rocky Shores -- Rock Pools -- Estuaries -- Coral Reefs -- Shorebirds -- Coastal Creatures -- Under Threat -- Fact File -- Be a Marine Biologist -- Glossary -- Index -- Websites -- Back Cover.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Physical Aspects and Coastal Features -- 1.1 Coastal Features -- 1.2 Beach -- 1.3 Estuary -- 1.4 Coastal Divisions -- 1.5 West Bengal Coast -- 1.6 South 24 Parganas Coastal Division -- 1.7 Purba Medinipur Coastal Division -- 1.8 Coastal Sectors -- 1.9 Digha-Shankarpur Coastal Sector -- 1.10 Bakkhali-Fraserganj Coastal Sector -- 1.11 Ganga Sagar-Chuksar Island Coastal Sector -- 1.12 Sunderbans Coastal Sector -- 1.13 Geology -- 1.14 Climate and Hydrology -- 1.15 Coastal Processes -- 1.16 Coastal Waters -- 1.17 Wave Parameters -- 1.18 Types of Breakers -- 1.19 Beach Width and Beach Slope -- 1.20 Coastal Sediment Components -- 1.21 Lithogenic and Biogenic Components -- 1.22 Source Rock -- 1.23 Composition of Coastal Sediments -- 1.24 Nature of Beach Materials -- 1.25 Grain Size Analysis -- 1.26 Trace Metals and Metal Oxides -- 1.27 Sedimentary Structures -- 1.28 Summary -- References -- 2 Coastal Geomorphology -- 2.1 Coastal Geomorphic Characteristics -- 2.2 Physiographic Set Up -- 2.3 Coastline Configurations -- 2.4 Sediment Transport and Shoreline Progradation -- 2.5 Coastal Geomorphic Features -- 2.6 Coastal Dunes -- 2.7 Islands -- 2.8 Creeks and Water Bodies -- 2.9 Geomorphic Environments -- 2.10 Mudflat Morphology -- 2.11 Significance of Mudflat Morphology -- 2.12 Bioturbation Structures -- 2.13 Tidal Creek Systems -- 2.14 Creek Morphology -- 2.15 Sandy Beaches -- 2.16 Depositional and Erosional Features -- 2.17 Erosional Features -- 2.18 Subsidence -- 2.19 Depositional Features -- 2.20 Tidal Shoal -- 2.21 Marginal Point Bars -- 2.22 Wash Over Flat -- 2.23 Summary -- References -- 3 Coastal Environment-Case Studies -- 3.1 Coastal Features of Kasaragod and Harnai -- 3.2 Coastal Environments of Kasaragod.

This is the second of two articles that explores the coastal innovation paradox and imperative. Paradoxically, innovation is necessary to escape the vulnerability trap created by past innovations that have degraded coastal ecosystems and imperil coastal livelihoods. The innovation imperative is to reframe and underpin business and technology with coherent governance innovations that lead to social transformation for coastal sustainability. How might coastal management help to facilitate this transition? It is argued that coastal management needs to be reconceptualised as a transformative practice of deliberative coastal governance. A foundation comprising four deliberative or process outcomes is posited. The point of departure is to build human and social capital through issue learning and improved democratic attitudes and skills. Attention then shifts to facilitating community-oriented action and improving institutional capacity and decision-making. Together, these endeavours enable improved community problem-solving. The ultimate process goal is to build more collaborative communities. Instituting transformative deliberative coastal governance will help to stimulate innovations that chart new sustainability pathways and help to resolve the coastal problems. This framework could be adapted and applied in other geographical settings.

The coastal zone is a space where many social, economic, and political activities intersect with natural processes. In this paper, we present an adaptation of the method of 'Circles of Sustainability', used to provide a visual assessment of indicators that define sustainability profiles for cities. It is used as a basis for a 'Circles of Coastal Sustainability' (CCS) framework that can be used at multiple spatial scales to assess indicators of critical processes that facilitate/constrain sustainability of the world's coastal zones. The development of such a framework can support management by identifying key features that influence environmental sustainability and human well-being. CCS presents a holistic assessment of four interdependent boundary domains: Environment and Ecology, Social and Cultural, Economics, and Governance and Policy. This approach improves its utility and usability for decision-makers and researchers. CCS adds to existing assessment frameworks that are often focused on particular themes and/or domains that confine their utility to the context of sustainable development and the UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, which demand an inherently holistic and integrated evaluation. CCS is a holistic framework designed to assess the boundaries to sustainability for socio-ecological systems at multiple scales for the world's coasts. ; Erasmus Mundus program of Water and Coastal Management, grant number SGA Nr 2016-1891/001-001-EMMC, and the Future Earth Coasts project; Brunel University London's UKRI Open Access block grant ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion