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The article is devoted to the study of the African diasporas of modern Great Britain. The focus is primarily on the political and religious characteristics of these communities on the eve of the 2021 census, their similarities and differences. Special attention is paid to the specifics of statistics on Africans from censuses and interim reports. The number and influence of these minorities is steadily increasing, which in the short term will contribute to a change in the ethnic and religious structure of modern British society.

SummaryThis article analyses the basic feature that defined Russian labour ethics in medieval and early modern times – its religious aspect. There are two main elements to the subject. First, the role of Eastern Christianity and Church tradition in labour regulations, and second, the realities of everyday life in Russia and the historical peculiarities of the Russian locale, its natural conditions and climatic features, which had an influence on working activity. Until the time of Peter the Great, the labour ethics of the Russian Orthodox Church saw no significant change, and their main content could be defined as an educational process.

Today's rapid social and economic changes will negatively affect the EU if it continues to be unresponsive. The lack of political commitment endangers our system of universal values, pluralism and open-mindedness. Freedom of religion is under threat and cultural diversity needs legal protection. Meanwhile, religious institutions can play a role in mitigating the crisis by offering solidarity and reinforcing human dignity. It is important that politics provide answers for the future regarding democracy, values, the social market economy, and sustainable and inclusive growth. As the party of values, the European People's Party (EPP) should play a central role in ensuring solidarity, freedom of religion, pluralism and universal values.

The Tatar thinker Sh. Marjani's basic ideas on the origin of the world were outlined in his several works: "Haqq al-Bayan … (True Explanation …)"; "Kitab al-Hikma al-baliga …" (The Book of Mature Philosophy…), "Kitab al-Azb al-Furat wa-l-ma al-zulal …» (The Book About Fresh, Refreshing, Spring Water…) and "Risala bi al-tariq al-musli …" (A Treatise Worthy of Imitation…). Basically following the beliefs of falasifa on the eternal creation of the world, criticizing some ideas of the mutakallims concerning relationship between God and His attributes, Marjani has developed his own theory of the world origin. He affirmed that only God, who is true eternal as well as simultaneously transcendent and immanent to the finite world, creates it eternally, as the falasifa had understood it earlier.

Despite the high visibility of religiously charged international social conflicts, the unique role of religion often is overlooked in social science research and theory. Some studies ignore religion, others conflate religion with other identities. Virtually all lack adequate data. We respond to these deficiencies by testing a theory-driven model of a particular form of social conflict, religious persecution. We investigate the proposition that religious regulation leads to religious persecution. Using measures coded from the 2003 International Religious Freedom Reports, we consider how both social regulation and government regulation of religion in 143 countries affect the level of religious persecution. We also consider and test competing hypotheses, particularly Huntington's clash-of-civilizations thesis. We find strong support for the religious economies arguments and only limited support for the clash-of-civilizations thesis and other competing arguments.