Suchergebnisse

46 Páginas ; Background: In addition to the considerable number of different chlorophyll structures originated naturally, prominent research is made to produce new specific semisynthetic structures. The final target is to obtain chlorophyll derivatives with even better bioactive properties than those of the natural parent compounds. Method: A detailed, extensive and critic literature search has been made in Web of Science™. Results: Great efforts are applying to optimize the function of chlorophyll-based photosensitizers, to understand the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of chlorophyll derivatives and, lastly, to investigate new biological actions of them. However, the fundamental physiological functions of the chlorophylls are their physicochemical properties. Conclusion: This review aims to reflect the chemical grounds of the healthy and/or medical features of chlorophylls, including the consequences, advantages or even new actions that modifications over the chlorophyll structure introduce. Finally, new perspectives in the functionality of chlorophylls at molecular level are discussed. ; This work was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT-EU, Spanish and European Government, AGL 2015-63890-R). ; Peer reviewed

33 Páginas; 2 Tablas; 2 Figuras ; 1 Scope The dietary intake of chlorophylls is estimated to be ≈50 mg d–1. However, their first pass metabolism and systemic assimilation is not well characterized. 2 Methods and results A group of 30 mice are fed a diet rich in chlorophylls, while 10 mice received a standard diet without chlorophylls (control group). Liver extracts are analyzed every 15 days by HPLC–ESI(+)/APCI(+)‐hrTOF– MS/MS to measure the accretion of specific chlorophyll metabolites. The chlorophyll profile found in the livers of mice fed a chlorophyll‐rich diet shows that the formation and/or absorption of pheophorbides, pyro‐derivatives, and phytyl‐chlorin e6 require the occurrence of a precise first‐pass metabolism. In addition, the apical absorption of pheorphorbide a‐rich micelles is significantly inhibited in Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma‐2 cells pre‐incubated with BLT1. 3 Conclusion Pheophorbide a absorption is, at least partly, protein‐mediated through SR‐BI. This active absorption process could explain the specific accumulation of pheophorbide a in the livers of animals fed a chlorophyll‐rich diet. A complementary mechanism could be the de‐esterification of pheophytin a in the liver, yielding pheophorbide a and phytol, which can explain the origin of phytol in the liver. Hence, the results suggest two molecular mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of the health‐promoting compounds pheophorbide and phytol. ; This work was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT‐EU, Spanish and European Government, grant number AGL 2015‐63890‐R). ; Peer reviewed

32 Páginas; 2 Figuras; 3 Tablas ; Natural chlorophylls present in seaweeds have been studied regarding their biological activities and health benefit effects. However, detailed studies regarding characterization of the complete chlorophyll profile either qualitatively and quantitatively are scarce. This work deals with the comprehensive spectrometric study of the chlorophyll derivatives present in the five main coloured edible seaweeds. The novel complete MS2 characterization of five chlorophyll derivatives: chlorophyll c2, chlorophyll c1, purpurin-18 a, pheophytin d and phytyl-purpurin-18 a has allowed to obtain fragmentation patterns associated with their different structural features. New chlorophyll derivatives have been identified and quantified by first time in red, green and brown seaweeds, including some oxidative structures. Quantitative data of the chlorophyll content comes to achieve significant information for food composition databases in bioactive compounds. ; This work was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT-EU, Spanish and European Government, AGL 2015-63890-R) and by Junta de Andalucía (AGR 6271-2011). We are very grateful to Dr. J.L. Garrido Valencia (IIM, CSIC) for his scientific advices on chlorophyll c. ; Peer reviewed