Suchergebnisse

"Whilst China's growing economy is widely regarded as being responsible for severe environmental degradation and a high reliance on energy from fossil fuels, China is emerging as a potential leader in new green energy technologies. Outlining the extraordinary growth in China's wind power capacity since 2005, this book explores the deliberate creation of a whole industry and the strategy of transitioning the power sector to renewable energy by accelerated experimentation and through literally pushing the emerging wind power sector to its limits. Investigating how wind power may not always be considered as sustainable in a wider Chinese developmental context, the book traces the struggle China has had in getting this high technology sector to qualify as truly Chinese scientific development, whilst often being opaquely at the mercy of foreign expertise, technology and certification. The book furthermore exposes the surprising nuances, dynamics and potency of unexpected players in Chinese wind power marketisation. Complex interplays are revealed between wind turbine control systems, algorithms in critical software technology, relationships between suppliers, wind farm developers, financiers, the electrical grid itself, the coal lobby, the broader Chinese state, and much more. The book has important implications far beyond wind power and contemporary China studies, highlighting the much wider story of China's fragmented and experimental style of innovating, upgrading, and greening"--

Swanson's thesis drew on an extensive and varied array of sources on the growth of wind power on China: Chinese language article databases and government statistics, international energy statistics databases, newspapers, journal articles, policy papers, even social media tools used by energy analysts. His attempt to explain how technical and political challenges have affected China's wind power growth resulted in what Prof. Bhandari described as "simply the best thesis that I have read in ISF." Even Swanson recognized this achievement, stating that writing this thesis "marked the turning point in my education when I began to produce knowledge, not just consume and regurgitate knowledge."

The Ukrainian renewable energy sector has demonstrated a significant increase in its renewable power capacity, especially for solar and wind power plants. Decommissioning the end-of-life equipment in Ukraine has not yet taken place, but it is only a matter of time. With this in mind, this paper assesses the quantities and the market values of the materials that could potentially be recovered from used solar and wind power plants, and it estimates the impact of their decommissioning on employment in Ukraine. It has been estimated that approximately 8.9 GW of solar power plants, and 3.6 GW of wind power plants, will be decommissioned from 2044 to 2059, and that the cost of the raw materials recovered could reach EUR 421.4 million and EUR 124.6 million in 2021 prices, respectively, compared to the decommissioning costs of EUR 240.1 million and EUR 49.1 million, respectively. Decommissioning renewable power plants will require the creation of new jobs, including 11.6 thousand in the solar industry, and 2.8 thousand in the wind sector. It is essential to amend the legislation in Ukraine, particularly Directive 2012/19/EU, to introduce the principle of the extended producer responsibility to ensure the efficient recycling of renewable power plant end-of-life equipment in Ukraine in the future.

AbstractDecarbonization of the energy system is the key to China's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the potential of wind and photovoltaic (PV) to power China remains unclear, hindering the holistic layout of the renewable energy development plan. Here, we used the wind and PV power generation potential assessment system based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) method to investigate the wind and PV power generation potential in China. Firstly, the high spatial-temporal resolution climate data and the mainstream wind turbines and PV modules, were used to assess the theoretical wind and PV power generation. Then, the technical, policy and economic (i.e., theoretical power generation) constraints for wind and PV energy development were comprehensively considered to evaluate the wind and solar PV power generation potential of China in 2020. The results showed that, under the current technological level, the wind and PV installed capacity potential of China is about 56.55 billion kW, which is approximately 9 times of those required under the carbon neutral scenario. The wind and PV power generation potential of China is about 95.84 PWh, which is approximately 13 times the electricity demand of China in 2020. The rich areas of wind power generation are mainly distributed in the western, northern, and coastal provinces of China. While the rich areas of PV power generation are mainly distributed in western and northern China. Besides, the degree of tapping wind and PV potential in China is not high, and the installed capacity of most provinces in China accounted for no more than 1% of the capacity potential, especially in the wind and PV potential-rich areas.

Enhancing developing countries' access to climate technologies is an important contribution to effectively addressing climate change at the global level. In this study, we analyses the drivers and barriers for the transfer of wind power technology from the perspective of multinational technology suppliers. The findings and comparison of two case studies on the transfer of wind power technology to China and Brazil are presented, focusing on which transfer channels were chosen and why, as well as what kind of impact this choice had on the local diffusion of the transferred technology. While the case study on China arrives at the conclusion that a variety of transfer channels are used and hybrid governance modes, such as licensing and joint ventures, are favored in particular, the Brazilian case revealed that transfers within multinational companies to their subsidiaries are by far the dominant transfer channel. Both case studies revealed that government restrictions have a considerable impact on the choice of transfer channel, which is due both to the strong involvement of the receiving countries' governments in market creation activities for renewable energies and to their control over energy markets and infrastructures. The fact that the technological gap pertaining to onshore wind power equipment was closed within a relatively short period of time can be regarded as a success of international technology transfer. For China as well as Brazil, the regulatory framework for the development of the wind power sector can be seen as the most important driving force for this development. Both countries were successful in creating market demand for wind energy, although the political approach of the Chinese government towards the wind power sector is considered to be more ambitious and comprehensive. Most importantly the Chinese government combines market formation policies with industrial and research policy initiatives that are targeted at the build-up of a domestic wind power industry. In contrast, the Brazilian government's approach is much more narrowly directed at developing wind energy as a cost-efficient alternative to other energy sources, although domestic production of wind power equipment is likewise strongly encouraged by local content requirements. Patent and in particular publication data suggest that China is catching-up rapidly. Nevertheless, our findings high-light that absorptive capacity is based on more than just the ability to innovate; otherwise the success of Chinese companies in the wind technology sector would not be possible. This could be an indicator of the importance of a "learning through imitation" model in the technology absorption process.

An anecdote about the failure of the Soviet economic system tells about a factory which were evaluated based on tons of nails produced – unsurprisingly the nails became heavy. China is currently hailed as the worlds primer wind power producer; however, a closer examination reveals a string of policy failure making the Chinese wind power development resemble the infamous Soviet nail example. From a technological transition perspective, policy failures in China's wind power program from 1980-2016 is documented and analysed. Five overarching topics are analysed including: Conflicting policies, quality problems, underwhelming technological development, lacking technological standards and insufficient grid transmission system. One conclusion is that when the Chinese government set a command and control target of how much new installed capacity that was going to be constructed the state utilities delivered to target but with an abundance of power plants without grid connectivity, severe quality problems and low technological development. ; Presented at: 56th Annual Meetings of the Public Choice Society, Louisville, Kentucky, March 14-16, 2019

More than 70% of the total worldwide electricity-generating wind turbines 117500 MW total) has been installed in Europe. Of these, 3500 MW were installed in 2000 alone, continuing an impressive pace of development over the last several years. At the same time, the European wind manufacturing Industry is booming with two-thirds of the world market short; These remarkable developments are attributed to ike effective support of the European Union and of the national European stales, following their commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Wind power is now seen as a clean, cost-effective alternative to other forms of conventional electricity: production with clear benefits to the environment and to the economy, as a whole: In this review paper, the current state and prospects of wind power in Europe are described, with special emphasis on the three countries leading wind power development in Europe, i.e., Germany, Denmark, and Spain. The investment models applied in Europe play a decisive role in this development. Their differences and effects are shown and the role of renewable! in reducing CO2 (the primary GHG) emissions is highlighted. Finally, current trends and prospects of the European Wind Turbine technology are discussed. ©2001 IEEE.