Suchergebnisse

"This book provides a comprehensive look at many different aspects of response in Singapore to the pandemic in the crucial first several months, including clinical, laboratory, epidemiology, research, community engagement and the unprecedented challenge of outbreak involving migrant workers in dormitory settings. On a personal note, it has first-hand accounts of staff at the NCID who were at the forefront of battling COVID-19 in Singapore. It also gives a global perspective of the pandemic, together with insights into the unique Singapore experience of managing the pandemic. The Singapore response to the pandemic has been something which the global community has been very interested in and this book is the first to comprehensively describe that response from a number of different angles which will be useful to scientists, clinicians, public health professionals and policy makers"--

The world faces its greatest crisis since World War II and its greatest economic calamity since the Great Depression. History shows two ways out of a global crisis: a global leader that guides an effective response—and helps to pay for it—or global cooperation through the UN multilateral framework. Alas, we have no global leader today. The United States today is more a force of destruction than a leader. Our only way forward is cooperation under the UN mandate. Let me explain.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 remains pandemic and public health measures included school closures following a precautionary principle in that many previous epidemics (e.g. influenza) were mainly transmitted by children. This paper reviews school outbreaks to date, including in Malta. ; METHODS: The internet and the medical literature were searched for reports of school outbreaks of COVID-19 and measures implemented in efforts to contain school spread. ; RESULTS: Schools in several countries experienced outbreaks and some were related to insufficiently strict measures while others were due to older children and adolescents flouting restrictions. The different measures employed by different countries in their schools are displayed. ; DISCUSSION: With adherence to the usual measures, schools can open safely with minimal risk to their communities in areas of low COVID-19 transmission. Vaccination is probably the ultimate solution to pandemic control. ; peer-reviewed

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 K-12 Schools and COVID-19: Context and Framing -- 2 COVID-19: What Is and Is Not Known -- 3 Schools and the Pandemic -- 4 Deciding to Reopen Schools -- 5 Reducing Transmission When School Buildings Are Open -- 6 Recommendations and Urgent Research -- Epilogue -- References -- Appendix A: The Committee's Review of Existing Evidence -- Appendix B: Guidance Documents Collected by the Committee -- Appendix C: Example District Plans for Reopening Schools -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.

Authorities all over the world have faced enormous challenges in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, including how to circulate up-to-date and accurate information to the general public concerning the novel coronavirus. In light of this, there has been much focus on studying information dissemination regarding COVID-19. Most of the attention in this communication research has been on large states such as the United States and the United Kingdom but smaller states like Iceland have mostly been absent in these studies. The aim of this article is twofold. First, it adds the Icelandic case to the COVID-19 communication research literature by examining findings from two representative surveys that were conducted in Iceland in June and August 2020 concerning COVID-19 and information dissemination, and how these findings compare to similar studies from larger states. Second, building on limited existing academic work on political communication in small states, I explore how the dissemination of information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic might be, to some extent, different in Iceland than in larger states because of the size variable. ; peer-reviewed

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- Beyond Resource Optimisation: Capacity-Building and Robustness -- Singapore: A Brief Primer -- Healthcare System -- Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 Policy Capacity -- Policy Capacity -- Material Capacity -- Analytical Capacity -- Operational Capacity -- Political Capacity -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Capacity-Building in a Post-SARS World -- Singapore's Response -- Community Measures -- Healthcare System Measures -- International Measures -- Post-SARS Policy Capacities -- Analytical Capacities -- Operational Capacities -- Material Capacities -- Political Capacities -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Singapore's Response to Covid-19 -- Singapore's Response -- Community Measures -- Safe Distancing -- Face Masks -- Budgets -- Healthcare System Measures -- International Measures -- Policy Capacity in Singapore's Covid-19 Responses -- Operational Capacity -- Material Capacity -- Analytical Capacity -- Political Capacity -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Conclusion -- Beyond NPM: Excess Capacity and Slack -- Policy Implications and Some Caveats -- Future Directions -- References -- Index.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every part of Ireland's society and economy. In the face of this, the biggest challenge we have encountered in decades, the people of Ireland have universally stepped up to the plate and adhered to the strict guidelines put in place by the Government, following the advice of the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET). We have all contributed to the progress that Ireland has made in containing the spread of COVID-19 and in so doing we have saved lives. However, our continued progress in reducing the spread of the virus remains challenging. We collectively and individually need to continue our efforts to keep the virus under control. The revision of the Return to Work Safely Protocol has become necessary to ensure that it reflects the Government's Resilience and Recovery 2020-2021: Plan for Living with COVID- 19 as well as updating the public health advice available since its first publication. This revised document is now called the Work Safely Protocol. It continues to be designed to support employers and workers to put infection prevention and control (IPC) and other measures in place to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace. The Work Safely Protocol also covers the measures needed to both ensure the safe operation of workplaces and the re- opening of workplaces following temporary closure due to local and regional restrictions.

In the summer of 2021, European governments removed most NPIs after experiencing prolonged second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most countries failed to achieve immunization rates high enough to avoid resurgence of the virus. Public health strategies for autumn and winter 2021 have ranged from countries aiming at low incidence by re-introducing NPIs to accepting high incidence levels. However, such high incidence strategies almost certainly lead to the very consequences that they seek to avoid: restrictions that harm people and economies. At high incidence, the important pandemic containment measure 'test-trace-isolate-support' becomes inefficient. At that point, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its numerous harmful consequences can likely only be controlled through restrictions. We argue that all European countries need to pursue a low incidence strategy in a coordinated manner. Such an endeavour can only be successful if it is built on open communication and trust. ; peer-reviewed

1. K12 Schools and COVID-19: Context and Framing -- 2. COVID-19: What Is and Is Not Known -- 3. Schools and the Pandemic -- 4. Deciding to Reopen Schools -- 5. Reducing Transmission When School Buildings Are Open -- 6. Recommendations and Urgent Research -- Epilogue -- References -- Appendix A: The Committee's Review of Existing Evidence -- Appendix B: Guidance Documents Collected by the Committee -- Appendix C: Example District Plans for Reopening Schools -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.