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Purpose – Efficiency in retailing companies is mandatory for survival. Literature acknowledges external factors impact on efficiency. However, this impact remains understudied, as previous research typically focuses on managerial decisions. The purpose of this paper is to partially fill this gap by exploring the influence of external factors on retailers' efficiency. Design/methodology/approach – This research simultaneously measures retail efficiency and evaluates the impact of six potential drivers by applying bootstrap techniques in a sample of 25 European Union countries during the period 2006–2015. Findings – The efficiency of the retail system in the countries under analysis evolves at different paces during the observation period. This evolution can be explained by country population density, average store size within countries, foreign trade ratio, concentration, economic freedom and percentage of urban population. Research limitations/implications – This research does not account for supply and demand restrictions that might affect retailers' efficiency, as well as other variables that influence their production process. Practical implications – This paper might help retail managers to comprehend and manage their companies' efficiency. Furthermore, it provides clues to evaluate market attractiveness in retailers' international expansion strategies. Social implications – Policy makers can facilitate retailers' efficiency through regulations on external variables that influence retailers' performance, namely economic freedom and foreign trade ratio. Originality/value – For the first time, this study analyses the impact of external factors on retail services efficiency across countries.

More and more researchers focus on the role of social networks in election campaigns. This article represents a case study of the parliamentary elections from 2015 in Spain and 2016 in Romania, with the aim of comparing the two online political campaigns. We describe how both parties in Romania and Spain used Facebook during the last parliamentary elections, in order to see how the political parties communicate and the online reactions generated by their messages. With the help of content and statistical analysis we take a closer look the messages published in the Facebook profiles of candidates and political parties during the general elections. The results indicate that, during parliamentary elections, unlike the presidential ones, the voters' attention is not directed to a candidate, but to a group of candidates. As a result, the communication strategy is different, focusing on increasing the notoriety of the candidates. The low interest in parties and parliamentary elections leads to using social networks mainly for disseminating information about the candidates and less as tool for mobilizing voters.

XXX Congreso de Marketing. AEMARK. Barcelona, España. 5 al 7 de septiembre 2018. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la eficiencia del sector de distribución comercial en el ámbito de la Unión Europea y examinar la influencia de determinadas variables del entorno sobre dicha eficiencia. La metodología empleada se basa en la estimación simultánea de la eficiencia y sus factores determinantes mediante un modelo bootstrap en dos etapas. Los resultados con una muestra de países entre 2006 y 2015 indican una distribución regional desigual de la eficiencia. Adicionalmente, el nivel de densidad del mercado, el tamaño medio, el nivel de dependencia exterior, el grado de concentración, el grado de libertad económica y el porcentaje de población rural ejercen una influencia significativa. ; This paper analyses the efficiency of retailing companies within the European Union in the period 2006-2015. Particularly, we study the impact on of environmental factors on efficiency. To do so, we simultaneously measure retail efficiency and evaluate the impact of its potential drivers, by applying bootstrap techniques. Our results reveal strong efficiency differences across the European Union. These differences are due to population density, the average store size within countries, foreign trade dependence, concentration, economic freedom and the percentage of rural population they.

"This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in The Communication Review on 2019, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10714421.2019.1599642" ; [EN] During election campaigns, candidates, parties, and media share their relevance on Twitter with a group of especially active users, aligned with a particular party. This paper introduces the profile of ¿party evangelists,¿ and explores the activity and effects these users had on the general political conversation during the 2015 Spanish general election. On that occasion, the electoral expectations were uncertain for the two major parties (PP and PSOE) because of the rise of two emerging parties that were disrupting the political status quo (Podemos and Ciudadanos). This was an ideal situation to assess the differences between the evangelists of established and emerging parties. The paper evaluates two aspects of the political conversation based on a corpus of 8.9 million tweets: the retweet- ing effectiveness, and the sentiment analysis of the overall conver- sation. We found that one of the emerging party¿s evangelists dominated message dissemination to a much greater extent. ; The present research was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [CSO2013-43960-R] [CSO2016-77331-C2-1-R]. The present research was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain, under Grants CSO2013-43960-R ("2015-2016 Spanish political parties' online campaign strategies") and CSO2016-77331-C2-1-R ("Strategies, agendas and discourse in electoral cybercampaigns: media and citizens"). This work was possible thanks to help received from Emilio Giner in his task of extracting the corpus of tweets and from assistance provided by Mike Thelwall and David Vilares in the use of the SentiStrength application. We have benefited from valuable comments on drafts of this article from professors Joaquín Aldás, Amparo Baviera-Puig, Guillermo López-García, and especially Lidia Valera-Ordaz. ; Baviera, T.; ...

The introduction of new policies can evoke strong emotional reactions by the public. Yet, social‐psychological research has paid little attention to affective determinants of individual‐level policy acceptance. Building on recent theoretical and empirical advances around emotions and decision‐making, we evaluate how people's trust and integral emotions function as important antecedents of cognitive evaluations, and subsequent acceptance of policies. We test our hypotheses within a sample of Irish citizens (n = 505), who were subject to the introduction of water charges in 2015. In line with our hypotheses, results show that general trust in government shapes emotions regarding water charges, which in turn, directly and via expected costs and benefits, influence policy acceptance. Additionally, we find that negative emotions have a larger direct effect on policy acceptance than positive emotions. Specifically, 'anger' was the main negative emotion that influenced the acceptance of the water charge. We conclude by discussing directions for future research around emotions and policy acceptance.

© Cuadernos de Gestión, 2004 Reproducción autorizada siempre que se cite la fuente, salvo que se indique lo contrario. En aquellos casos en que sea necesaria una autorización previa para la reproducción o el uso de datos textuales o multimedia (sonidos, imágenes, programas, etc.), dicha autorización cancelará la autorización general antes citada y mencionará las posibles restricciones de uso. ; [ES] Las comunidades online se han convertido en un lugar de encuentro muy popular para los consumidores que les permite compartir información. En este artículo se presenta una técnica de información novedosa como la netnografía, y se aplica para determinar cuál es el posicionamiento de las empresas de distribución alimentaria. Tras la recogida y análisis de 506 mensajes válidos de la comunidad online Ciao, se pudo conocer qué atributos se asociaban a seis establecimientos de alimentación analizados. Mercadona se asocia con la calidad de su marca de distribuidor y una escasa variedad de marcas/productos. Las tiendas discount, Lidl y DIA, destacan por la posibilidad de mejora en la limpieza del establecimiento y la localización de los productos. Los hipermercados, Eroski, Alcampo y Carrefour, son destacados por su variedad de marcas/productos, y alejado del domicilio. También se ha identificado a los competidores más directos de cada empresa, encontrándose una competencia entre los formatos de venta del mismo tipo (intratipo). El uso de la netnografia, técnica relativamente reciente, supone la mayor originalidad del trabajo. Además, las conclusiones obtenidas, que son coincidentes con estudios anteriores, muestran que la netnografía puede ser una fuente de información para determinar cuál es la imagen comercial y el posicionamiento de las empresas. ; [EN] Online communities have become a popular meeting place for consumers that allows them to share information. This article presents a marketing research technique as netnography, and applied to determine the positioning of food distribution companies. After collection and ...

Licencia de Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comportamiento del mercado potencial de compradores de productos retro; para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que permitió definir los motivos de compra considerados en este tipo de productos. Asimismo, se destaca que en la actualidad existen pocos trabajos cuantitativos sobre los motivos de compra y la segmentación del mercado potencial de productos retro. Partiendo de este problema, se ha recurrido al análisis factorial, junto a un análisis cluster, usando los datos obtenidos mediante una encuesta. Así, se encontraron tres factores de compra de productos retro: características del producto, sentimientos actuales de diferenciación y sentimientos pasados; de igual forma, se detectó la existencia de dos segmentos claramente diferenciados: consumidor emotivo y consumidor comercial. ; Clemente-Ricolfe, J.; Buitrago Vera, JM.; Sendra Emper, E. (2013). Estudio de los factores de compra de productos retro y segmentación del mercado potencial retro. Contaduría y Administración. 58(1):225-250. doi:10.1016/S0186-1042(13)71204-X ; S ; 225 ; 250 ; 58 ; 1

[EN] The mediatisation model in politics assumes that media conveys political messages between parties and citizenship, with the risk of promoting issues that frame the electoral content in terms of competition. These dynamics could distract from the debate of ideas and political policies. However, digital media like Twitter provide direct communication channels between parties, candidates and users. The present research explores Twitter content during an electoral campaign focused on the four issues proposed by Patterson (1980) to assess mediatisation: political, policy, campaign and personal (regarding the candidate). The goal of this research study is to evaluate the degree of mediatisation on Twitter using this typology. The research also evaluates the influence of the issue on retweet volume. The study¿s basis was a 15.8 million-tweet corpus obtained during the 2015 Spanish General Election pre-campaign and campaign. This dataset was analysed using an automatic classification system. The results highlighted a predominance of policy issues during both the pre- campaign and campaign, except for the two televised debates, during which campaign issues were the most prevalent. On the election night, users commented much more on political issues. Finally, the kind of issue most likely to be retweeted was policy issues. ; This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, with Grants CSO2013-43960-R (Los flujos de comunicación en los procesos de movilización política: medios, blogs y líderes de opinión) and CSO2016-77331-C2-1-R (Estrategias, agendas y discursos en las cibercampañas electorales: medios de comunicación y ciudadanos). ; Baviera, T.; Calvo, D.; Llorca-Abad, G. (2019). Mediatisation in Twitter: an exploratory analysis of the 2015 Spanish general election. Journal of International Communication. 25(2):275-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2019.1634619 ; S ; 275 ; 300 ; 25 ; 2 ; Antonakaki, D., Spiliotopoulos, D., V. Samaras, C., Pratikakis, P., Ioannidis, S., & ...

COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Many governments of the world have accelerated an adoption of public policies to address this crisis; however, a trade-off between the economy and public health exists. Previous studies in this area have mainly focused on the impact of COVID-19 on human life and the environment. This work adds to the literature by analyzing how individual environmental concern can affect citizens' preferences for public policies that deal with COVID-19. A data set of 26,131 participants from 26 countries was used to test the research model. Results indicate that environmental concern is positively associated with a preference for long-term oriented altruistic policies, and it shapes the relationship between economic and health problems at the country level on our dependent variable. Specifically, as the level of environmental concern increases, the negative effect of COVID-19's economic problems on the preference for long-term altruistic policies is diminished. In turn, in the case of health problems, the impact on the preference for long-term altruistic policies increases as environmental concern increases. Also, both individual-level and country-level characteristics affect citizens' preferences for policies related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

[EN] This paper studies the explanatory variables of experience in paella consumption by tourists, in specialized restaurants (arrocerías) of Valencia. For it, we have collected 319 opinions, where the quality of the paella has been the most frequently cited variable. And although 75% of tourists has proved to be satisfied with the experience in the consumption of paella, using a binary logistic regression, we have identified four key variables insatisfaction or not: the mentioned quality of the paella, with attention customer, price and taste. These results represent an opportunity for improvement of the tourism product studied ; [ES] Este artículo estudia las variables explicativas de la experiencia en el consumo de paella por los turistas, en restaurantes especializados (arrocerías) de Valencia. Para ello, se han recogido 319 opiniones, en donde la calidad de la paella ha sido la variable más citada. Y aunque el 75% de los turistas se ha mostrado satisfecho con la experiencia en el consumo de paella, mediante una regresión logística binaria, se han determinado cuatro variables determinantes en su satisfacción o no: la mencionada calidad de la paella, junto a la atención al cliente, el precio y el sabor. Estos resultados representan una oportunidad de mejora del producto turístico estudiado. ; Clemente-Ricolfe, J. (2017). La experiencia del turista en el consumo de paella en las arrocerías de Valencia mediante netnografía. International Journal of World of Tourism. 4(7):27-34. doi:10.12795/IJWT ; S ; 27 ; 34 ; 4 ; 7

Este artículo aborda la investigación de mercado internacional con una de las variables a la que se ha cedido menos importancia hasta la fecha en las diferentes políticas de fomento de las exportaciones en los países subdesarrollados. Se trata de determinar el valor estratégico de la investigación del mercado operaciones comerciales. Además, examina el entorno social que con el medio ambiente del exportador latinoamericano. Asimismo, los diferentes factores y variables que deben necesariamente en un mercado extranjero se analizan críticamente, haciendo hincapié en la discusión de estas técnicas basadas en la hipótesis de que son útiles para la empresa en países con economías subdesarrolladas. Por último, en este artículo se apuntan la institucionalización de investigación de mercado internacional como actividad constante, eficiente y rentable para las empresas latinoamericanas.