Suchergebnisse

The Nordic countries are admired for high employment, low levels of poverty and inequality, encompassing welfare states, and peaceful industrial relations. Yet the model is criticised for hampering the employment opportunities of vulnerable groups. The literature identifies several potential mechanisms of exclusion. Compressed wage structures may make employers reluctant to hire certain workers for fear that their productivity is too low to justify the cost. Second, generous benefits lower individuals' incentive to work. Third, businesses increasingly specialise in high-skill activities. We explore these arguments comparatively by considering the employment chances of two vulnerable groups: disabled persons and migrants. The Nordic countries are compared with other rich democracies that take different approaches to social protection and wage dispersion. The Nordic countries do not perform systematically worse than other 'varieties of capitalism'. In line with recent research, we also find that there is considerable intra-Nordic variation, which calls for further study.

The Nordic countries are admired for high employment, low levels of poverty and inequality, encompassing welfare states, and peaceful industrial relations. Yet the model is criticised for hampering the employment opportunities of vulnerable groups. The literature identifies several potential mechanisms of exclusion. Compressed wage structures may make employers reluctant to hire certain workers for fear that their productivity is too low to justify the cost. Second, generous benefits lower individuals' incentive to work. Third, businesses increasingly specialise in high-skill activities. We explore these arguments comparatively by considering the employment chances of two vulnerable groups: disabled persons and migrants. The Nordic countries are compared with other rich democracies that take different approaches to social protection and wage dispersion. The Nordic countries do not perform systematically worse than other 'varieties of capitalism'. In line with recent research, we also find that there is considerable intra-Nordic variation, which calls for further study ; Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015

Managed and wild bees provide essential ecosystem services by pollinating crops and wild plants. Losses of managed honey bee colonies as well as the decline of many wild bee species in the EU and elsewhere have raised considerable concern about bee health amongst stakeholders, including the general public. As part of the European Parliament's Week of Bees and Pollination 2017, there was a general agreement that an EU Bee Partnership Discussion Group (DG) should be established, with the vision of 'a Platform run by stakeholders for the benefit of society to ensure that bees in the EU can thrive and prosper'. Subsequently, an EU Bee Partnership was identified as one of the targeted platforms established by EFSA, under the Stakeholder Engagement Approach. This document describes the terms of reference developed by and for this EU Bee Partnership DG. The objective of the EU Bee Partnership is to improve data collection, management, sharing and communications to achieve a holistic approach to the assessment of bee health in Europe and beyond. It will consider honey bees, with the potential for subsequent expansion to include bumble bees and solitary bees. Six broad themes of potential work were identified, including an inventory of data on the health of honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. During the first 12 months, the Partnership will focus on one or more of these six themes, using a 'proof of concept' approach. Details of stakeholders and observers are presented, including roles and responsibilities. The DG identified the need for both short‐ and long‐term funding. A phased approach to funding is proposed, but with clear recommendations that long‐term resources are needed. Critical success factors were defined. Several risk and risk mitigation strategies were identified, relating to funding, confidentiality, time, resource and project coordination and stakeholder motivation.

Intro -- Bee Products and Their Applications in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Bee products-An overview of their pharmacological properties and medicinal applications -- Introduction -- Complementary and alternative medicine -- Bee product pharmacology -- Ethical considerations with the use of bee products -- Problems of holistic apitherapy -- Bias in interpretation of scientific data -- Acceptance of bee products as medicine -- Possibilities for uses of bee products in medicine -- Treatment of various types of wounds -- Wound infections -- Tonsillectomy -- Diabetic foot ulcers -- Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis -- Burns -- Malignant fumigating wounds -- Herpes virus-associated skin lesions (HSV-1, HSV-2) -- Honey for acute coughs in children -- Oral health-Dental plaque and gingival inflammation -- Poststroke shoulder pain -- Musculoskeletal pain -- Bee products must be superior to other approaches -- Bringing bee products back into medicine-Discussion and concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 Bee products and skin therapy -- Introduction -- Honey -- Types of honey -- The role of honey constituents -- Therapeutic properties of honey -- Propolis -- Propolis against photodamage of skin -- Antimicrobial properties of propolis against infections -- Wound healing properties of propolis -- Bee pollen -- Bee pollen and skin products -- A cosmetic ingredient for hair products -- Burn healing properties -- Royal jelly -- Royal jelly in skin care -- Therapeutic effects of royal jelly -- Beeswax -- Beeswax in cosmetics -- Beeswax in skin care -- Antimicrobial effects of beeswax -- Antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity of beeswax -- Bee venom -- Cosmetic applications of bee venom -- Pharmacological value of bee venom -- Conclusion.

This article examines the tipping point of the Euro crisis as a turning point for EU integration processes. First, I introduce the concept of securitization and its usefulness to grasp breaches within the constitutional order. I then define the concept of 'crisis' around which this article revolves. A contextualization of the Spanish bail-out and the ECB's intervention of mid-2012 follows. Before moving on to the results of the analysis, brief methodological comments are made. Reading the episode at hand through the discourses of a variegated sample of political actors provides hindsight into its complexity. While newspapers' discursive strategy fits the concept, Rajoy and Draghi's interventions defy the logic of securitization by acting extraordinarily while denying threats and their own exceptional behavior.

Critical of US Supreme Court decision in US v. Humberto Alvarez Machain, concerning abduction by US agents of a Mexican national in Mexico. Impact on extradition treaties, international law, sovereignty, and foreign relations.

Behind every cup of coffee, chocolate bar and fruit salad there are hundreds of insects and smallholders in the tropics linking forests, agricultural fields and food. Insects, especially bees, mediate the production of about 75% of crop plants consumed worldwide, and smallholders in the tropics produce about 40% of the world's food. Both bees and traditional small-scale production systems are threatened because of the expansion of industrial agriculture. In this dissertation I aim to understand how agrarian change – the transformation from traditional to industrial agriculture– has influenced the relationships between humans and bees through effects on Anolaiman livelihoods and landscapes. In doing so, I re-construct the environmental history of the region and describe socio-economic, cultural and ecological drivers and trajectories of socio-ecological change shaping the current state of Anolaima. To evaluate the interdependence between humans and bees, I evaluate the contribution of animal pollinators to rural livelihood security. I find that local socio-economic asymmetries associated with agrarian change influenced food access in Anolaima in such a way that pollination deficits could disproportionately affect poor households, while nutrient-rich, animal-pollinated crops become luxury foods. To understand the effects of environmental change on bees, I assess the influence of agricultural management and habitat factors at the local and landscape scales on bee diversity, and find that bee communities are undergoing a process of biotic homogenization associated with environmental change. This empirical and interdisciplinary study represents a holistic understanding of bee declines and its emergence from multiple layers of socio-cultural, economic, political and environmental dynamics associated with agrarian change, an urgent issue with important implications for food security throughout the world.