Suchergebnisse

There have been significant changes in government policy in Brazil since 2000, and these are having an influence on the law. Emerging from a limited experience with neoliberalism, the country has embraced new forms of state engagement in the economy and social relations. Because these changes are recent and may not yet have been fully consolidated, we follow Arbix and Martin by describing the resulting constellation as "new state activism" (NSA), a term that suggests neither a return to the past nor a clearly consolidated alternative model. Studies of state activism and law in Brazil show new roles emerging for legal institutions. New polices and institutions, including a new kind of industrial policy and a robust social policy, differ from both classic developmental state and neoliberal approaches. They favor a strong state and a strong market, employ public-private partnerships, seek to reduce inequality, and embrace the global economy. These policies require policy and rule flexibility, coordination among public actors and between them and the private sector, conditions to maximize synergy between public and private actors, and measures to preserve the legitimacy of government intervention. This, in turn, creates new roles for law. In the following sections we trace the emergence of NSA, identify its salient features, note how it differs from prior forms of state intervention, explore some of the forces that have shaped this new form of state action, and provide a preliminary assessment of the significance and challenge of these developments for the law. © Cambridge University Press 2013.

Purpose – This study aims to examine the competitiveness of firms operating in the emerging economy of Brazil. This study examines the current perception of Brazilian business leaders regarding the level of competitiveness in various sectors of industrial activity and the country's business environment. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected in a joint study developed by Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE) and the Brazilian Institute of Economics (IBRE). The population surveyed was composed of businessmen, managers and directors of Brazilian manufacturing firms. This survey was created based on a similar survey conducted by the Harvard Business School, which was also aimed at identifying the reasons behind national loss of competitiveness. Findings – The results of the survey point out that the worsening competitive nature of companies operating in Brazil can be primarily attributed to the deterioration of its country-specific advantages and in particular those linked to government policies, services and bureaucratic procedures, all of which bear a negative impact on the country's business environment. Research limitations/implications – Future research should explore in more depth the specific types of initiatives that these firms have and are continuing to eagerly adopt with the aim of improving their domestic competitiveness and, namely, firm-specific advantages, whether it be by contributing to the improvement of the business environment as a whole, or by improving their own operations and management systems. Practical implications – The main obstacles related to competitiveness are associated with the "Brazil Cost", namely,thetaxsystem,infrastructure,politicalsystem,laborlawsandbureaucracythatdonotappeartooffermuchroom for maneuvering in terms of reducing these barriers in the short term. Managers not addressing these important input factors of competitiveness not only divert attention away from innovation and creativity but also could lead to more serious ...

Este artigo documenta as condições de crédito das famílias que vivem em áreas rurais no Brasil. A análise é feita em duas etapas. Primeiro, utilizamos uma abordagem indireta onde o racionamento de crédito é associado à importância da riqueza para as decisões das famílias, através dos microdados dos Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000. Em seguida, utilizamos informações sobre crédito formal. Nossos resultados sugerem que (i) há fortes indícios de racionamento de crédito; (ii) há grande dispersão regional desse racionamento; e (iii) as condições de crédito das famílias rurais não guardam relação direta com o montante de crédito formal.

Este artigo aborda a reestruturação produtiva que marcou o Brasil nos anos 90, analisando os seus efeitos sociais. Reconhecendo como essa reestruturação está associada à inserção do país na dinâmica da economia globalizada e à implementação de um conjunto de políticas recomendadas pelos organismos multilaterais, o texto assinala como as transformações decorrentes dessas políticas vêm se traduzindo em, a) baixos níveis de crescimento econômico; b) uma deterioração das condições de trabalho e renda da maioria da população; c) uma acentuação das desigualdades sociais e espaciais ;e d) uma reorientação profunda e regressiva das políticas e do sistema de proteção social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Reestruturação produtiva, condições ocupacionais, direitos de cidadania, políticas sociais BRAZIL: PRODUCTIVE RE-STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS This paper approaches the productive restructure that marked Brazil in the 90s, analyzing its social effects. It recognizes how this restructure is associated with the insertion of the country in the dynamics of the globalized economy and with the implementation of a new set of policies recommended by multilateral organism. The text calls attention to the form that the transformations that originated from these policies have been translated as: a) low levels of economical growth: b) worsening of work and income conditions for most of the population; c) stressing social and spatial inequalities; and d) a profound and regressive reorientation of the policies and of the social protection system. KEY WORDS: Productive restructure, occupational conditions, citizenship rights, social policies. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

O aumento da criminalidade no Brasil tem despertado o interesse de estudiosos na busca de soluções para esse problema. A Região Norte apresenta, em termos relativos, o maior crescimento da criminalidade. Em Santarém, cidade localizada no oeste do Pará, ela cresceu 114,64% no período 2000-2010. Diante disso, este trabalho faz uso de modelos econométricos probit para estudar a relação entre categorias de crimes e variáveis socioeconômicas, na Região, com foco no município de Santarém. Utiliza também a metodologia desenvolvida por Heckman relativa à correção do viés de seleção. Como resultado, observa-se que a motivação básica para o preso cometer crimes é diferente entre as quatro categorias pesquisadas. Nos crimes contra a vida observou-se a interação social como a principal motivação; nos crimes contra os costumes, a interação social e a herança familiar; nos crimes contra o patrimônio, a condição econômica do indivíduo; a motivação do preso por tráfico de entorpecentes encontrou apoio nas questões econômicas, na interação social e na sua herança familiar.