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This open access book is looking into ways to achieve just climate policy within a country. The authors of this monograph share a unique, timely and original vision: continuous support for climate policy is more likely to emerge when citizens find that the distribution of the bill for climate costs is fair. But what is a fair distribution of climate costs? This is an important question because financial costs of mitigation (reducing greenhouse gases), adaptation (adapting to climate change) and damage (compensating or compensating after weather extremes) increase significantly in the coming decades. Drawing on philosophy and ethics, the authors propose ten principles for achieving just distributions of domestic climate costs. Examples of such principles are individual responsibility, the polluter pays, greatest utility and capacity to pay. Yet what a fair distribution is, depends on, for example, political preferences and the policy issue at hand. Empirical research on designing climate policies, however, shows that distributive principles are not part of the political, policy, and public discussions. The authors therefore argue that explicit attention to principles of just distribution at the start of a policy process contributes to support for climate policy. This book provides tools to professionals and students to achieve justice in climate policy

The world is warming rapidly and this change is most noticeable in mountains with already observable consequences on temperature extremes, water cycle, plant and animal distribution, and the resilience of local livelihoods. This book presents concepts, methodologies and major achievements of recent research in climate change ecology in mountains by placing this research in a historical perspective, that of travelers and naturalists of the Romantic era, and first of all Alexander von Humboldt. There is now a renewed interest, both in academia and beyond, in Humboldt, his writings and his view of nature. But how can we actually make use of his writings? How can we put his philosophy into practice? How can we still learn from past scientific figures and do a better science today? In this book, the author shows how. He presents how it is possible to succeed in modern science by returning to sources, by renewing the tradition of past polymaths such as Humboldt, and by having a fully humanistic approach in science. He illustrates his point based on his 15-year experience in the study of the ecological effects of climate change in the tropical Andes, showing how he has incorporated approaches from other disciplines, from different branches of science, from history and the arts to achieve a more comprehensive view of his scientific field. Alongside hard data, discoveries by past naturalists build our understanding of the world but appealing to our emotions makes us want to understand it. In the author's view this is a productive and enjoyable way of doing science that speaks to our humanity and also increases our knowledge about nature. The narrative of the book moves in space and time, from the present to the past, from continent to continent, from laboratory to field, from archives to mathematical models, from behind the camera to in an Indigenous community. This makes it an academic cross-over book appealing to a broad audience of students, scientists or, supported by attractive illustrations, to anyone interested in the adventure or making of science, but not necessarily with a scientific background.

Rising temperatures are affecting organisms in all of Earth's biomes, but the complexity of ecological responses to climate change has hampered the development of a conceptually unified treatment of them. In a remarkably comprehensive synthesis, this book presents past, ongoing, and future ecological responses to climate change in the context of two simplifying hypotheses, facilitation and interference, arguing that biotic interactions may be the primary driver of ecological responses to climate change across all levels of biological organization. Eric Post's synthesis and analyses o

what role does forests play in carbon storage? How to analyse it? What consequences should be drawn from this in the context of combating the greenhouse effect? A quantitative forestry model incorporating economic aspects (management costs, wood prices and uses, value of tonne of carbon, discount rate) and biological aspects (growth, mortality, decomposition) attempts to answer such questions. In the case of common Épicéa in north-east France, it shows that the carbon advantage would be of the same order of magnitude as wood and could be realised without major forestry disruption. In addition, planting one to two hectares would be likely to compensate for the emission of 100 tonnes of carbon. ; Quel rôle joue la forêt dans le stockage du carbone ? Comment l'analyser ? Quelles conséquences en tirer dans le cadre de la lutte contre l'effet de serre ? Un modèle forestier quantitatif intégrant des aspects économiques (coûts de gestion, prix et utilisations du bois, valeur de la tonne de carbone, taux d'actualisation) et biologiques (croissance, mortalité, décomposition) tente de répondre à de telles questions. Dans le cas étudié de l'Épicéa commun dans le Nord-Est de la France, il montre que l'avantage lié au carbone serait du même ordre de grandeur que celui dû au bois et pourrait être concrétisé sans grand bouleversement sylvicole. De plus, la plantation d'un à deux hectares serait susceptible de compenser l'émission par ailleurs de cent tonnes de carbone.

Plusieurs études européennes récentes ont montré que la croissance des arbres et la production des peuplements forestiers sont en forte augmentation depuis 150 ans. Nous proposons ici une revue critique des méthodes employées : analyses rétrospectives de la croissance radiale par la méthode dendroécologique, de la croissance en hauteur par analyse de tige ; suivi en continu de la production des peuplements grâce à des réseaux de placettes permanentes. Les atouts et faiblesses de ces méthodes sont discutés, dans la perspective des études sur l'effet des changements environnementaux (CO2, apports d'azote, climat) sur la dynamique des forêts. Les premiers diagnostics précis à l'échelle de la parcelle commencent à être disponibles, indiquant une productivité actuelle supérieure de 50 % environ à celle constatée au début du siècle. Des incertitudes subsistent dans quatre domaines : la généralisation des constats, obtenus jusqu'ici pour quelques essences et régions, et rarement au niveau du peuplement ; les changements simultanés pour la qualité du bois ; la compréhension du rôle des changements environnementaux ; l'évaluation des risques écologiques associés à la forte productivité. Quoi qu'il en soit, nous estimons que les forestiers devraient dès maintenant intégrer dans leurs réflexions l'accélération des cycles de production (révolutions plus courtes, offre de bois accrue, effort de régénération à intensifier, contribution des forêts aux politiques "effet de serre"…).

Quel rôle joue la forêt dans le stockage du carbone ? Comment l'analyser ? Quelles conséquences en tirer dans le cadre de la lutte contre l'effet de serre ? Un modèle forestier quantitatif intégrant des aspects économiques (coûts de gestion, prix et utilisations du bois, valeur de la tonne de carbone, taux d'actualisation) et biologiques (croissance, mortalité, décomposition) tente de répondre à de telles questions. Dans le cas étudié de l'Épicéa commun dans le Nord-Est de la France, il montre que l'avantage lié au carbone serait du même ordre de grandeur que celui dû au bois et pourrait être concrétisé sans grand bouleversement sylvicole. De plus, la plantation d'un à deux hectares serait susceptible de compenser l'émission par ailleurs de cent tonnes de carbone.