Suchergebnisse

1 Introduction -- 2 Biological membranes -- 2.1 Components of biological membranes -- 2.2 The phospholipid bilayer -- 2.3 Fluidity of the bilayer -- 2.4 Reservations on the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure -- References -- 3 Membrane lipids -- 3.1 Fatty acyl chains -- 3.2 Phase transitions -- 3.3 Trans-bilayer asymmetry -- References -- 4 Membrane proteins -- 4.1 Integral membrane proteins -- 4.2 Peripheral membrane proteins -- References -- 5 Membrane biosynthesis -- 5.1 Membrane lipid synthesis -- 5.2 Membrane protein synthesis -- 5.3 Integral protein synthesis -- 5.4 Peripheral membrane proteins -- 5.5 Factors affecting intracellular localization -- 5.6 Membrane turnover -- References.

1 Introduction -- 1.1 Regional cerebral metabolism -- 1.2 Cerebral requirements for glucose and oxygen -- References -- 2 Appearance of the brain -- 2.1 Gross appearance -- 2.2 Fluid compartments -- 2.3 Microscopic appearance -- References -- 3 Neurotransmission -- 3.1 The resting potential -- 3.2 The sodium pump -- 3.3 The action potential and nerve conduction -- 3.4 Chemical events at the synapse -- 3.5 Origin of synaptic vesicles -- 3.6 Post-synaptic events -- 3.7 Neurone-axonal transport -- References -- 4 Adaptive processes in the brain -- 4.1 Inducible enzymes -- 4.2 Adaptation to the environment -- 4.3 Drug tolerance and dependence -- 4.4 Learning and memory as adaptive processes? -- References.

1 The essential metals and their evolution -- 1.1 The major metals -- 1.2 The minor metals -- 1.3 Metals and early biochemical evolution -- 2 The non-redox roles of metals ions -- 2.1 Active sites of the non-redox metals -- 2.2 Regulatory and trigger roles of metal ions -- 3 Electron transfer and redox reactions -- 3.1 Metals as redox catalysts -- 3.2 Electron carrier proteins -- 3.3 Some enzymes containing molybdenum, cobalt and iron -- 3.4 Electron transfer in respiration and photosynthesis -- 4 Dealing with oxygen -- 4.1 The activation and toxicity of oxygen -- 4.2 Oxygen carriers -- 4.3 Superoxide dismutases -- 4.4 Oxidases -- 4.5 Oxygenases -- 4.6 Hydroperoxidases -- 4.7 Some oxygen-activating groups -- 5 Metal metabolism -- 5.1 Microbial ion carriers -- 5.2 The major metals -- 5.3 The minor metals -- Suggestions for further reading.

1 Lipids: what they are and how the biochemist deals with them -- 1.1 General introduction -- 1.2 Nomenclature and stereochemistry -- 1.3 Analytical techniques -- 1.4 Bibliography -- 2 Fatty acids -- 2.1 Structure and properties -- 2.2 The biochemistry of fatty acids -- 2.3 Summary -- 2.4 Bibliography -- 3 Neutral Lipids: glycerides, sterol esters, vitamin A esters, waxes -- 3.1 Glycerides -- 3.2 Sterol esters -- 3.3 Vitamin A esters (retinyl esters) -- 3.4 Waxes -- 3.5 Analytical techniques -- 3.6 Summary -- 3.7 Bibliography -- 4 Phospholipids -- 4.1 Classification of phospholipids -- 4.2 Structure and occurrence -- 4.3 Biosynthesis of phospholipids -- 4.4 Degradation of phospholipids -- 4.5 Analysis of phospholipids -- 4.6 Summary -- 4.7 Bibliography -- 5 Glycolipids and sulpholipids -- 5.1 Glycosyl ceramides -- 5.2 Glycosyl glycerides -- 5.3 Other glycolipids and sulpholipids -- 5.4 The analysis of glycolipid mixtures -- 5.5 Summary -- 5.6 Bibliography -- 6 Lipids as components of macromolecules -- 6.1 Physical and chemical properties of lipids -- 6.2 Physical and chemical properties of proteins -- 6.3 Association of lipids and proteins -- 6.4 Naturally-occurring lipoproteins — 'soluble types' -- 6.5 Naturally-occurring lipoproteins — 'membrane types' -- 6.6 Lipopolysaccharides and bacterial cell walls -- 6.7 Summary -- 6.8 Bibliography -- 7 Lipids in nutrition, health and disease -- 7.1 Introduction: the diverse roles of dietary lipids -- 7.2 Source and composition of dietary lipids -- 7.3 Different roles of minor lipids in food -- 7.4 The metabolism of lipids in relation to disease -- 7.5 Summary -- 7.6 Bibliography -- General index -- Supplementary index of diseases -- Supplementary index of species -- Supplementary index of tissues.

Front -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Biodegradation of components of petroleum -- 2. Microbial metabolism and transformation of selected monoterpenes -- 3. Formation and function of biosurfactants for degradation of water-insoluble substratesl -- 4. Biodegradation of oils, fats and fatty acids -- 5. Biodegradation of anionic surfactants and related molecules -- 6. Biochemistry and physiology of the degradation of nitrilotriacetic acid and other metal complexing agents -- 7. Enzymes and mechanisms involved in microbial cellulolysis -- 8. Biodegradation of lignin and hemicelluloses -- 9. Physiology of microbial degradation of chitin and chitosan -- 10. Biodegradation of starch and a-glycan polymers -- 11. The physiology of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria -- 12. Microbial dehalogenation of halo aliphatic compounds -- 13. Biodegradation of halogenated aromatic compounds -- 14. Bacterial degradation of N-heterocyclic compounds -- 15. Biodegradation of inorganic nitrogen compounds -- 16. Biochemistry of anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds -- 17. Biocorrosion: the action of sulphate-reducing bacteria -- Index of compounds -- Index of organisms

1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction -- 2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.

1. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 1 — Utilization of Fuels by Muscle -- Pathways for the Utilization of Carbohydrates, Amino acids and Fats in Flight Muscle -- The Control of Flight Muscle Mitochondrial Metabolism -- References -- 2. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 2 — Fuel Supply -- The Nature of Respiratory Fuels -- Stores of Respiratory Fuels -- Lipids and their Metabolism -- Carbohydrates and their Metabolism -- The Supply of Amino Acid Fuels for Flight -- Conclusion -- References -- 3. Excretion in Insects -- Excretion Associated with the Malpighian Tubule-Rectum System -- Minor Excretory Systems -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Addendum -- 4. Synaptic Transmission in Insects -- General Outline of the Insect Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters in the Central Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters at the Neuromuscular Junction -- Summary -- References -- Addendum.

1 The Development of Antimicrobial Agents, Past, Present and Future -- The social and economic importance of antimicrobial agents -- An outline of the historical development of antimicrobial agents and of chemotherapeutic theories -- Reasons for studying the biochemistry of antimicrobial compounds -- Development of biochemical knowledge of antimicrobial action -- Scope and layout of the present book -- 2 The Bacterial Cell Wall — A Vulnerable Shield -- Functions of the wall -- Wall structure -- Structure and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan -- Antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis -- 3 Antiseptics, Antibiotics and the Cell Membrane -- Microbe killers: antiseptics and disinfectants -- Polypeptide antibiotics -- Ionophoric antibiotics -- Polyene antibiotics -- An inhibitor of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis -- 4 Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis -- Compounds affecting the biosynthesis of nucleotide precursors -- Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis at the polymerization level -- 5 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis -- Ribosomes -- Stages in protein biosynthesis -- Puromycin -- Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA formation -- Inhibitors of initiation-complex formation and tRNA—ribosome interaction -- Inhibitors of peptide bond formation and translocation -- Nucleic acid synthesis during inhibition of protein synthesis -- Effects of inhibitors of 70S ribosomes on eukaryotic cells -- 6 Antifungal, Antiprotozoal and Antiviral Agents -- Compounds used to treat protozoal diseases -- Compounds used to treat fungal diseases -- Compounds used to treat virus diseases -- 7 Penetrating the Defences: How Antimicrobial Agents Reach Their Targets -- Cellular permeability barriers to drug penetration -- Some examples of modes of penetration of antimicrobial agents -- The exploitation of transport systems in the design of new antimicrobial agents -- 8 Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs -- The genetics of drug resistance -- Spread of drug resistance by gene transfer -- Biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance -- Bacterial tolerance -- Practical approaches to the control of drug resistance.

Food Processing, Biochemistry and Agriculture discusses the basics of the food processing industry such as the importance and history of the food processing sector. The role of agriculture in production of food, basic principles of the food processing industry, production and processing of food crops have been elucidated. The production and processing of dry cereals, legumes, livestock products, soft and natural beverages were explained in this book. The factors that can affect the food processing industry and the emerging issues in the food processing and production are discussed in this book