Suchergebnisse

Abstract As an important contributor to vector-borne diseases in China, in recent years, tick-borne diseases have attracted much attention because of their increasing incidence and consequent significant harm to livestock and human health. The most commonly observed human tick-borne diseases in China include Lyme borreliosis (known as Lyme disease in China), tick-borne encephalitis (known as Forest encephalitis in China), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (known as Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in China), Q-fever, tularemia and North-Asia tick-borne spotted fever. In recent years, some emerging tick-borne diseases, such as human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and a novel bunyavirus infection, have been reported frequently in China. Other tick-borne diseases that are not as frequently reported in China include Colorado fever, oriental spotted fever and piroplasmosis. Detailed information regarding the history, characteristics, and current epidemic status of these human tick-borne diseases in China will be reviewed in this paper. It is clear that greater efforts in government management and research are required for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of tick-borne diseases, as well as for the control of ticks, in order to decrease the tick-borne disease burden in China.

Microbial biomolecules : challenges to control and prevent vector borne diseases / Madangchanok Imchen, Jamseel Parammal, Eswara Rao and Ranjith Kumavath -- The autodissemination: current and future potential in the application of entomopathogens against mosquito-borne diseases / Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez and Filiberto Reyes-Villanueva -- The inhibition of mosquito vectors of malaria and filaria using the marine microorganisms and their associated compounds / A. Vishnu Kirthi and L. Karthik -- Entomopathogenic fungi mediated biocontrol mechanism against mosquito vectors : recent trends and future perspectives / Subhaswaraj Pattnaik, Parasuraman Paramanandham, Siddhardha Busi -- Bioprospecting of fungal metabolites for mosquito control / Perumal Vivekanandhan, Murugan Arunthirumeni, Govindraj Vengateshwari and Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar -- Mosquito larvicidal property of mycogenic silver nanoparticles derived from Aspergillus niger against Culex quinquefasciatus / M.Poornima, G.Kanimozhi and A.Panneerselvam -- Larval toxicity of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes / Chinnasamy Ragavendran and Devarajan Natarajan -- Natural weapons used against dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti / Nilufer Orhan and Didem Deliorman Orhan -- Paratransgenesis involving microbes : the new avenue for the control of vector borne diseases / Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Brij Kishor Tyagi -- Microbial control of mosquito borne disease : summary on researches from Thailand / Viroj Wiwanitkit -- Biocontrol potential of symbiotic Bacterium wolbachia against mosquito borne diseases / Saikat Mandal, Bhaskar Biswas -- Wolbachia an effective biocontrol agent / Sankaranarayanan, A., Amaresan Natarajan and Jinal H Naik -- Microorganisms in the management of mosquito vectors : a sustainable eco-friendly approach / Sajal Bhattacharya and Probal Basu -- Microbiota of mid-gut of important disease vector mosquitoes in India and their role in disease control / Kamlesh Kumar Yadav, Kshitij Chandel & Vijay Veer -- A review of control of blood sucking parasites by marine actinomycetes- derived compounds / K.Kannabiran -- Cyanobacterial toxins as biolarvicides for blood sucking vector / Reehana Nazar, Mohamed Imran Mohamed Yousuff, Thajuddin Nooruddin and Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai -- The genetically altered microbes and viruses in control of mosquito borne diseases / Amrita Kumari -- Antileishmanial compounds from microbial sources for the prevention of leishmaniasis / Amaresan Natarajan, Jinal H. Naik, A. Sankaranarayanan -- Biological control of aquatic snail borne diseases (schistosomiasis) / Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla -- Microbial approaches for black fly targeted onchocerciasis control / S. Anbalagan -- Effective microbial compounds for controlling flea-borne rickettsial diseases / Arunachalam Chinnathambi and Mathrubutham Ravikumar

Every year the cases of water borne infection through out the world are increasing. If we check the motto behind every Government the main aim will be evading the water borne infection and also to reduce toll death rate due to the water related infection. This mission has been started long back and still we are not able to meet the motto. This review focuses on the emerging pathogens its habitat and the case history which gives a clear view about how this can poses problem to the future generations.

Temperate regions such as the UK, are now seeing repeated introductions of invasive mosquito species, as well as mosquito-borne viruses not previously detected in the UK. Doctor Luis M. Hernández-Triana, APHA's Discipline Champion and expert in the field of vector borne diseases describes how APHA is involved in vector borne disease research and the importance of these emerging pathogens.

Tick-borne Diseases Transmission Research: Co-Feeding in Ticks
Tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis are primarily transmitted during the blood feeding process, through systemic and co-feeding horizontal transmission routes. In this article, Research Professor Jianhong Wu explores transmission routes explaining that systemic transmission involves the transmission of the pathogen from infectious ticks to susceptible hosts, and the transmission of pathogen from infectious hosts back to susceptible feeding ticks. Co-feeding transmission provides an exchange of tick-borne pathogens between co-feeding infected and susceptible ticks (perhaps at different stages) directly even though pathogens have not been established within the reservoir host.

As an important contributor to vector-borne diseases in China, in recent years, tick-borne diseases have attracted much attention because of their increasing incidence and consequent significant harm to livestock and human health. The most commonly observed human tick-borne diseases in China include Lyme borreliosis (known as Lyme disease in China), tick-borne encephalitis (known as Forest encephalitis in China), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (known as Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in China), Q-fever, tularemia and North-Asia tick-borne spotted fever. In recent years, some emerging tick-borne diseases, such as human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and a novel bunyavirus infection, have been reported frequently in China. Other tick-borne diseases that are not as frequently reported in China include Colorado fever, oriental spotted fever and piroplasmosis. Detailed information regarding the history, characteristics, and current epidemic status of these human tick-borne diseases in China will be reviewed in this paper. It is clear that greater efforts in government management and research are required for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of tick-borne diseases, as well as for the control of ticks, in order to decrease the tick-borne disease burden in China. ; Published version

Mosquito control began in New York City in 1901. Large-scale efforts to drain marshlands occurred through the 1930s, and aerial application of pesticide occurred as early as 1956. Components of early mosquito-borne disease control were reimplemented in 1999–2000 in response to an outbreak of West Nile virus, and included promoting public and health professional awareness regarding disease causation and prevention, providing free government laboratory testing, case reporting, mapping of mosquito breeding sites and their elimination or application of larvicide to them, and adult mosquito control. Because a potential for various mosquito-borne diseases in New York City persists, continued efforts are warranted to limit mosquito breeding, to monitor adult mosquito populations for the presence of human pathogens, and to establish protocols and capacity for adult mosquito control.

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya are common in Bangladesh, with frequent outbreaks in the rainy season. Analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people toward any crisis is fundamental to addressing any gap. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study mainly focusing on the northern, southern and central parts of Bangladesh to understand the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people regarding MBDs, mosquito habitats, or control measures. A total of 1720 participants were involved in the study from 33 out of 64 districts of Bangladesh, of which 56.9% were male. While most of them knew about dengue (97.1%), chikungunya (81.4%), and malaria (85.2%), only half of them were aware of filaria (53.3%), which is endemic to the northern region. A knowledge score (0–8, low), (9–16, moderate), (17–24, high), and attitude score (0–4, poor), (5–8, moderate), and (9–13, high) were assigned. While poor and moderate attitudes were considered negative, good attitudes were considered positive. About 45% of the respondents had a moderate knowledge score (50–70); however, about 67.9% of participants showed a good attitude score (>70) towards the control of MBDs. It was found that the knowledge and attitude of the responders were related to their profession (knowledge p < 0.001; attitude, p = 0.002), residential area (knowledge p < 0.001; attitude, p < 0.001), and education level (knowledge p < 0.001; attitude p = 0.004). A mosquito is a kind of nuisance bug, and about 79.8% of responders admitted that they kill mosquitoes as soon as they notice them. They also use bed nets (93.7%) followed by mosquito coils (85.7%) as a preventive method. Interestingly, 73.2% of the responders were reluctant to contact the local government during an increase in mosquito numbers. Overall, the people of Bangladesh have a positive attitude towards the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. It is highly recommended that the government creates more knowledge regarding this ...