Suchergebnisse

This open access book presents the first comparative study on the legal sources of administrative law. Every modern legal order needs a set of general rules to apply and enforce administrative law; the rules impose principles of action, of procedure, and of organisation of the authorities. The legal basis of these rules may be quite diverse. Some countries have tried to codify administrative law, whilst others work with few rules or unwritten rules. The book considers the consequences that arise from the different degrees of codification of general administrative law. It presents answers to important questions including: Does codification increase predictability and legal certainty? Does codification lead to a 'petrification' of administrative law? To what degree does the constitution shape administrative law? Which areas of administrative law are suitable for codification, which are not, and why not? The book answers these questions by presenting 13 country reports, covering both civil and common law traditions, a chapter on the EU, and a comparative analysis. This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are engines of growth for developed and developing countries. Developing countries like Pakistan must pay special attention towards its development and growth which is very essential for country's economic growth, economic development, employment generation, income equality, poverty alleviation, entrepreneurial culture etc. But unfortunately this sector is under performing due to many barriers including improper infra-structure, regulatory requirements difficulties, shortage of skilled HR, non competitive products, lack of entrepreneurial expertise, small scope of business and risk of default but above all access to finance is the major barrier that is facing by SMEs. This research paper examines the sources of finance (formal and informal) that are available for SMEs and also highlights the issues that create hindrance in effective flow of financial facilities to SMEs especially SEs (Small Enterprises). The research paper concludes that sufficient and easy availability of finance is the key to success for SMEs in Pakistan.

The difficulties inherent in the systematic and comprehensive acquisition of materials published in the Philippines are matched by their variety and value. The current volume of Philippine titles probably remains unduplicated elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In 1951, for example, "Manila was producing more serial publications than any other center in Southeast Asia." English remains the predominant language of most scholarly publications. The usefulness of these materials, therefore, is increased for institutions who lack research needs for Philippine language resources but desire a solid student and teaching collection.

The increased interest in data on entrepreneurship and economic conditions of local character determines the need for systematic expansion of the information provided by economic statistics. The economic need to reduce the costs of creating the official statistics and the pressure to reduce burdens on business units and statistical reporting are limitations. Reconciling these expectations is not easy. On the one hand there is a need to modernize research methodology towards increasing the use of administrative systems. On the other hand, particular attention should be paid to maintaining the proper communication of official statistics with respondents and data users. These projects take on a special dimension in the short-term business statistics, due to the large number and frequency of research. This article presents the challenges and prospects for short-term statistics of enterprises against the existing rules and business conditions.

Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law Sources and Materials is a companion text to the second edition of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law. The casebook follows the structure of the textbook and provides a sophisticated introduction to the principal areas of administrative law taught in Australia.

This article makes a conceptual and methodological argument for ethnographically studying a certain type of paperwork in immigration bureaucracies, namely internal administrative guidelines. Much ethnographic research has focused on case files, application forms, identity documents and judicial decisions attempting to shed light on bureaucrats' discretionary power and migrants' strategies of navigating immigration laws. This article shifts attention from bureaucrats' discretionary practices to their efforts to standardise and codify their own practices. The administrative guidelines of the Foreigners' Registration Office of Berlin and the visa guidelines of the Federal Foreign Office of Germany are examined as legal documents that are produced in a web of textually grounded legal meanings, as well as in a meshwork of social and political relations and in turn reconfigure both social relations and legal meanings. Contextualised in such a way, these administrative guidelines shed light not only on 'immigration law at work' but also on 'immigration law in the making'.