THE PEACFUL REVOLUTIONS OF 1989 IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE WERE CARRIED OUT IN THE NAME OF "CIVIL" SOCIETY, AND THE RELATED WORD "CITIZEN" WAS ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF THAT TIME. THIS ARTICLE OFFERS A STRATEGY WHICH IT CALLS THE "SOCIETY-FIRST" APPROACH--COMPOSED OF 1) LIVING IN TRUTH, 2) SELF-ORGANIZATION, AND 3) RESPECT FOR THE LAW. IT ARGUES THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY, THE CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY, AND THE CLOSER IDENTIFICATION OF CITIZENS WITH STATE INSTITUTIONS ALL REQUIRE COUNTERACTING THE ATOMIZING TENDENCIES THAT THE HUGE CHANGES OF RECENT YEARS HAVE SET IN MOTION.
A research was carried out with the construction of a model of a low-pressure nozzle with aerodynamic fuel atomization, which shows the advantages of nozzles of this type. In order to reduce the time at the stage of development and calculations, modern computer design systems were used. The research was carried out in the Flow Simulation module of the SolidWorks software package, which allows you to calculate and build a model of the internal flow around the nozzle using already known parameters. These parameters were set through the program conditions panel: fuel consumption per second; air flow rate at the inlet to the nozzle; static pressure in the combustion chamber. The calculations performed by the module made it possible to evaluate the manufacturability of the design, as well as the internal processes of mixing fuel with air. To determine the quality of fine dispersion of the fuel atomization, a model of the velocity field was calculated over the entire section of the nozzle, from which it can be seen that the maximum flow rate of the fuel is achieved in the outlet channels of the fuel atomizer of the nozzle. The results obtained indicate the operation of the low-pressure principle while maintaining high-quality fuel atomization. The use of low-pressure nozzle with aerodynamic fuel atomization is possible in modern gas turbine engines of civil aircraft, as well as in gas turbine.
It is shown that a liquid slug in gas-liquid segmented flow in microchannels can act as an acoustic resonator to disperse large amounts of small liquid droplets, commonly referred to as atomization, into the gas phase. We investigate the principles of acoustic resonance within a liquid slug through experimental analysis and numerical simulation. A mechanism of atomization in the confined channels and a hypothesis based on high-speed image analysis that links acoustic resonance within a liquid slug with the observed atomization is proposed. The observed phenomenon provides a novel source of confined micro sprays and could be an avenue, amongst others, to overcome mass transfer limitations for gas-liquid processes in flow. ; This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme (grant agreement No. 101001024) . Z.D. acknowledges funding from Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Grant No. 2011009) . D. S. and R. M. acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie SkodowskaCurie grant agreement No 721290 (MSCA-ETN COSMIC) .
This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymeric Biomaterials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications (Second Volume). ; A new approach based on the atomization of non-Newtonian fluids has been proposed to produce microparticles for a potential inhalation route. In particular, different solutions of alginate were atomized on baths of different crosslinkers, piperazine and barium chloride, obtaining microparticles around 5 and 40 microns, respectively. These results were explained as a consequence of the different viscoelastic properties, since oscillatory analysis indicated that the formed hydrogel beads with barium chloride had a higher storage modulus (1000 Pa) than the piperazine ones (20 Pa). Pressure ratio (polymer solution-air) was identified as a key factor, and it should be from 0.85 to 1.00 to ensure a successful atomization, obtaining the smallest particle size at intermediate pressures. Finally, a numerical study based on dimensionless numbers was performed to predict particle size depending on the conditions. These results highlight that it is possible to control the microparticles size by modifying either the viscoelasticity of the hydrogel or the experimental conditions of atomization. Some experimental conditions (using piperazine) reduce the particle size up to 5 microns and therefore allow their use by aerosol inhalation. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Grant No. PID2019-108994RB-I00" and "The APC was funded by Universidad de Salamanca". B.A. was funded by mobility aids from CIBER-BBN and Ibercaja, and by Aragon's Government (DGA) for predoctoral fellowship. ; Peer reviewed
The creative wealth of Latin American communication studies has promoted the broadening of the object of study of communication, which has now exceeded two centuries, revealing collective realities and concerns about society and the media, processes that imply rethinking the link between thought, knowledge and academia. Complexity, fragmentation, atomization and utopian pragmatism distill authors such as Antonio Pascuali, Luiz Beltrão, José Marques de Melo and Jesús Martín-Barbero, who have built a theoretical and elastic mesh to think and rethink Latin American communicational thinking within the framework of complexity and the utopian pragmatism of a mestizo science under construction. Faced with the fragmentation of the communicational field, we perceive a deeply atomized terrain A riqueza criativa dos estudos da comunicação latino-americanos tem promovido a ampliação do objeto de estudo da comunicação, que já ultrapassou dois séculos, revelando realidades coletivas e preocupações com a sociedade e os meios de comunicação, processos que implicam repensar a ligação entre pensamento, conhecimento e academia. Complexidade, fragmentação, atomização e pragmatismo utópico destilam autores como Antonio Pascuali, Luiz Beltrão, José Marques de Melo e Jesús Martín-Barbero, que construíram uma malha teórica e elástica para pensar e repensar o pensamento comunicacional latino-americano no quadro da complexidade e o pragmatismo utópico de uma ciência mestiça em construção. Diante da fragmentação do campo comunicacional, percebemos um terreno profundamente atomizado.
This article proposes the nomenclatural shifting of "evocative" autoethnography (EVAT) from its apparent current position as a co-type of autoethnography to a lead or superordinate type of evocative-like autoethnography, with the suggested name of "critically-oriented evocative autoethnography as a methodology without methods and situated within critical qualitative inquiry" (CEAM-CQI). In this lead position, EVAT as CEAM-CQI could maintain a unified and mediated stance alongside its apparent nemesis, "analytical autoethnography" (ANAT), by way of "disciplinary atomization," which at first seems undesirable but then proves beneficial if mediated by ego-less critique and polyvocality (Gergen), and as a result, EVAT, now CEAM-CQI, perhaps could more fully achieve its social justice agenda.
The performance of the liquid rocket engine depends on the atomization behavior of the fluid being injected into the combustion chamber. Generally, a plain injector with a circular orifice has been used in the injector, but it has the disadvantage of having a low spray cone angle. The breakup length, mean droplet diameter, and Sauter mean diameter is also higher. Thus, to overcome these drawbacks, non-circular orifices have been utilized in the present study. The shapes used for non-circular orifices are semi-circular and plus. The results obtained with the non-circular orifice is compared with the circular orifices of the same area ratio. The working fluid used for the studies is Jet A1 fuel. Studies were also conducted with different L/D ratios by choosing an effective orifice length to reduce the upstream losses. The axis-switching phenomena were observed with the semi-circular as well as with the plus jets. The mean droplet size of the circular jets was more prominent compared to non-circular jets, and the Sauter mean diameter of non-circular jets droplets was smaller than that of the circular jet droplet. The spray cone angle has increased by 290% for plus jets and 30% for semi-circular jets compared to circular jets.
[EN] Atomization involves complex physical processes and gas liquid interaction. Primary atomization on diesel spray is not well understood due to the difficulties to perform experimental measurements in the near nozzle field. Hence computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used as a key element to understand and improve diesel spray. A recent new code for incompressible multiphase flow with adaptive octree mesh refinement has been used to perform simulations of atomization at low injection pressure conditions. The multiphase flow strategy to manage different flows is the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The adaptive mesh allows to locally refine the mesh at each time step where a better resolution is needed to capture important gradients instead of using a static mesh with a fixed and high number of cells which, in turn, would lead to an unaffordable computational cost. Even with this approach, the cell number is very high to achieve a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) at reasonable computational cost. To reduce the computational cost, an idea has been explored, the possibility of setting a maximum number of cells of the domain. Following this idea, the code has been tested with different configurations to understand their effects on numerical stability, the change in different spray parameters and the benefits achieved in terms of execution time. The outcomes have been validated against a theoretical model. ; This work was sponsored by "Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad" of the Spanish Government in the frame of the Project "Comprensin de la influencia de combustibles no convencionales en el proceso de injeccin y combustin tipo diesel", Reference TRA2012-36932 and MTM2013-41765-P. Additionally, the hardware used for the project was purchased with funding from Ministerio de economia y competitividad FEDER-ICTS-2012-06. The authors would also like to thank the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the Universitat de Valencia in the use of the supercomputer "Tirant". ; Salvador ...
The emergence of new Islamist groups challenging Hamas from within is demarcating a new tendency towards inter-Islamist rivalry in Gaza. Based on original empirical data this report maps the Islamist milieu in Gaza. It offers a critical examination of how Hamas has governed Gaza since 2007 and why new Islamist groups in Gaza have emerged. The report argues that the phenomenon of new Islamists is diffuse and intangible. It does, however, relate to the question of the ideological price of governing in Palestine, and the repercussions of Hamas' rule and external policies upon the Islamist milieu in Gaza where, for the first time, an Islamist political body is in power. Two major aspects are motivating the emergence of new Islamist agendas: people's ideological grievances towards those in power and the instrumentalisation of ideology and religion in the midst of a power struggle between an increasingly authoritarian political body and its dissidents and challengers. In the face of governments which are failing to deliver, non-organised religious activity has become political power in Gaza.
