Suchergebnisse

Fin dalla sua fondazione, il Portogallo venne visto, e si vide, come ciò che Eduardo Lourenço, nella sua opera, ha chiamato "insolita eccezione portoghese" (Lourenço, 1999a: 11). Un'eccezione divenuta storicamente norma, costruita prima di tutto in rapporto allo stesso corpo fisico e politico dell'Iberia, e che ha poi portato all'indipendenza del Regno del Portogallo, nell'eccezionale e narrativamente miracolosa, battaglia di Ourique, poi riaffermata nella non meno miracolosa battaglia di Aljubarrota; questa specie di vocazione all'eccezionalità era inscritta nella stessa geografia del paese, sottolineata già in tempi antichi da Zurara nella prima cronaca dell'espansione, la Crónica da Tomada de Ceuta. ; Since its foundation Portugal has been seen by others and by itself as, in the words of Eduardo Lourenço, an "uncommon Portuguese exception". An exception that has historically become a norm firstly built upon the relationship with both the physical and political body of Iberia, leading afterwards to the independence of the Reign of Portugal. This independence was perceived as an achievement gained through the exceptional and narratively miraculous Battle of Ourique and reaffirmed then thanks to the equally miraculous Battle of Aljubarrota. This sort of vocation for 'exceptionality' was inherent in the geography of the country itself, as Zurara emphasized in ancient times in the first chronicle of its expansion: the Crónica da Tomada de Ceuta.

This article analyzes Jorge de Sena's short story "A Grã-Canária" in the context of a wider discussion on the topographies of the South Atlantic taken as an ideological construct, to some extent always already textual(ized). The story emphasizes the tensions in the enclosing of either the boat or the island as spaces of absolute fascist rule (in 1938 and 1961), and its setting in the Atlantic allows for a wider criticism of oppressive regimes operating in the South Atlantic axis while also addressing the "Atlantic exception" (Roberto Vecchi) in the context of wider European headings. It dismantles both the incipient establishing of the Atlantic as a "Portuguese Sea" by the Estado Novo and the construction of the legal and political conceptions such as that of the "overseas provinces" in the Constitutional Revision of 1951. This reading aims to foreground the spacing (Jacques Derrida) intrinsic to the inscription of such topographies of otherness and the projection of the selfsame in order to stress the tensions, the contradictions, and the limits of discourses underwriting an "immunitary paradigm" (Roberto Esposito) bent on establishing and marking the borders between a supposed self and its projected others.

Front Matter -- -- Contents -- Series Editor Preface -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Legal Categories of Straits -- The Significance of Maritime Boundary Delimitation for the Legal Regime of the Estonian Straits -- The Significance of the Outer Limits of Maritime Zones for the Legal Regime of the Estonian Straits -- The Significance of Long-Standing Treaties and the Legal Regime of Sui Generis Straits for the Viro Strait -- The Significance of Domestic Law on the Internal Waters and State Continuity for the Legal Regime of the Sea of Straits -- Conclusion.

This essay examines the influence of the French concept of the "cultural exception" on European media policy and international agreements. After briefly reviewing the historical background of the cultural exception in France, the essay describes how demands for the cultural exception and those for diversity affect inter-/transnational agreements within the European Union and around the world. Special focus is placed on the current secret EU/US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP) negotiations that nearly failed because of France's insistence that media and culture be exempted. The author argues that the concept of the "cultural exception" has been revived in recent years. However, due to the dual character of media (which is both a cultural and economic good), and the lack of a global media policy, the culture and trade debate will continue.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Series Editors' Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. How Uncle Tom's Cabin Killed the King of Siam -- Wicked critters -- Uncle Tom goes to Asia -- 2. Passing Between Nations: Racial Impersonation and Transnational Affiliation -- The Jolson exception -- The racial "real" and the passing of blackface -- East is West and yellowface passing -- Documenting China in The Good Earth -- Geometries of passing -- 3. Melancholy Bodies: Eugene O'Neill, Imperial Critique, and Irish Assimilation

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Part One ''NOW BEING'': SLAVERY, SPECULATION, AND THE MEASURE OF OUR TIME -- 1. Liverpool, a Capital of the Long Twentieth Century -- 2. ''Subject '; or, the ''Type'' of the Modern -- 3. ''Madam Death! Madam Death!'': Credit, Insurance, and the Atlantic Cycle of Capital Accumulation -- 4. ''Signum Rememorativum, Demonstrativum, Prognostikon'': Modernity and the Truth Event -- 5. ''Please decide'': The Singular and the Speculative -- Part Two SPECTERS OF THE ATLANTIC: SLAVERY AND THE WITNESS -- 6. Frontispiece: Testimony, Rights, and the State of Exception -- 7. The View from the Window: Sympathy, Melancholy, and the Problem of ''Humanity'' -- 8. The Fact of History: On Cosmopolitan Interestedness -- 9. The Imaginary Resentment of the Dead: A Theory of Melancholy Sentiment -- 10. ''To Tumble into It, and Gasp for Breath as We Go Down'': The Idea of Suffering and the Case of Liberal Cosmopolitanism -- 11. This/Such, for Instance: The Witness against ''History'' -- Part Three ''THE SEA IS HISTORY'' -- 12. ''The Sea is History'': On Temporal Accumulation -- Notes -- Index

In 2015, the European Court of Justice established an online "right to be forgotten" in Europe. Under this right to be forgotten, individuals may request that search engines delist links that reference their personal information from search results. Search engines need not grant these requests, but they are now obligated to review them. While the Court's decision to establish the right to be forgotten certainly ignited a debate among Western privacy scholars and policymakers hailing from both sides of the Atlantic, no country has participated in the debate with as much fervor as has France. This thesis addresses the following question: What explains France's unique sense of urgency with regard to digital right to be forgotten? I argue that French privacy jurisprudence does not sufficiently explain France's attitude and actions in the right to be forgotten debate, as most scholars have suggested. Rather, extralegal factors – namely, long-established societal "mentalités" with regard to the modern state's responsibility to shield individuals' honor and reputation from excessive public scrutiny and France's enduring antagonism towards US digital hegemony – bear most of the explanatory weight.

Most of the major theoretical traditions in international relations offer little advice on how costly international moral action could be accomplished. The main exception is the constructivist approach that focuses on the spread of cosmopolitan ethical beliefs through transnational interaction. While the logic of this theory does not imply any limit on the scale of goals that might be achieved, most constructivist empirical work so far has focused on relatively inexpensive moral efforts, such as food aid, and so may not identify the conditions under which states will take on much more costly moral projects. In this article, we test the constructivist theory of moral action against the record of the most costly international moral action in modern history: Britain's sixty-year effort to suppress the Atlantic slave trade from 1807 to 1867. We find that the willingness of British abolitionists to accept high costs was driven less by a cosmopolitan commitment to a moral community of all people than by parochial religious imperatives to impose their moral vision on others and, especially, to reform their domestic society. Transnational influences also had no important effect. Rather, the abolitionists' success in getting the British state to enact their program was determined mainly by opportunities provided by the fragile balance of power m British domestic politics. Although testing in more cases is needed, these findings suggest that better explanations of international moral action might be provided by a type of domestic coalition politics model based on what we call "saintly logrolls."

North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) underwent pronounced multidecadal variability during the twentieth and early twenty-first century. We examine the impacts of this Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), also referred to as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), on climate in an ensemble of five coupled climate models at both low and high spatial resolution. We use a SST nudging scheme specified by the Coupled Model Intercomparision Project's Decadal Climate Prediction Project Component C (CMIP6 DCPP-C) to impose a persistent positive/negative phase of the AMV in the North Atlantic in coupled model simulations; SSTs are free to evolve outside this region. The large-scale seasonal mean response to the positive AMV involves widespread warming over Eurasia and the Americas, with a pattern of cooling over the Pacific Ocean similar to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), together with a northward displacement of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The accompanying changes in global atmospheric circulation lead to widespread changes in precipitation. We use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to demonstrate that this large-scale climate response is accompanied by significant differences between models in how they respond to the common AMV forcing, particularly in the tropics. These differences may arise from variations in North Atlantic air-sea heat fluxes between models despite a common North Atlantic SST forcing pattern. We cannot detect a widespread effect of increased model horizontal resolution in this climate response, with the exception of the ITCZ, which shifts further northwards in the positive phase of the AMV in the higher resolution configurations. ; The Authors would like to acknowledge the use of the UKRI funded JASMIN data analysis facility which was essential to the analysis and storage of PRIMAVERA project data. Ongoing curation of project data has been supported by the IS-ENES3 project that has received funding from the European Union' Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 824084. Authors DH, PM, JS, PD, YRR, CDR acknowledge funding from the PRIMAVERA project (www.primavera-h2020.eu), funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under Grant Agreement 641727. PM was supported by U.K.–China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China as part of the Newton Fund. PD thanks ECMWF for providing computing time in the framework of the special projects SPITDAVI. YRR was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Inovation Programme in the framework of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant INADEC (Grant Agreement 80015400). Author DH would like to thank Nick Klingaman and Linda Hirons for their extensive help with the MetUM-GOML model. This article was written with support (DH) from National Environmental Research Council (NERC) national capability grant for the North Atlantic Climate System: Integrated study (ACSIS) program (Grants NE/N018001/1, NE/N018044/1, NE/N018028/1, and NE/N018052/1). MMR is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion research contract of MICINN (Spain). The authors wish to acknowledge use of the Ferret program for analysis and graphics in this paper. Ferret is a product of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. (Information is available at http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/) and also the CF-python analysis package http://ncas-cms.github.io/cf-python/. Assembly of MetUM-GOML and development of MC-KPP was supported by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and led by Dr. Nicholas Klingaman. The authors would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed to a much improved final manuscript. ; Peer Reviewed ; "Article signat per 17 autors/es: Daniel L. R. Hodson, Pierre-Antoine Bretonnière, Christophe Cassou, Paolo Davini, Nicholas P. Klingaman, Katja Lohmann, Jorge Lopez-Parages, Marta Martín-Rey, Marie-Pierre Moine, Paul-Arthur Monerie, Dian A. Putrasahan, Christopher D. Roberts, Jon Robson, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Emilia Sanchez-Gomez, Jon Seddon & Retish Senan" ; Postprint (published version)

Length-weight relationships (LWR) of twelve fish species collected by fish pots (half an inch mesh size), bottom horizontal longlines (hook size 3/0) and set gillnets (80 mm mesh size) from two Marine Protected Areas in the Canary Islands were determined using individual fish records collected at least once a year during ten scientific surveys between 2003 and 2010, excluding 2007. Fish was measured fresh for the total length (to the lower 0.1 or 0.5 cm, depending on the scientific surveys design) and weighted for the total weight (TW, to the 0.1 g). With the exception of Bathytoshia centroura with a b-value of 1.77, the LWR parameter b ranged between 2.71 (Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801)) and 3.86 (Gymnothorax maderensis (Johnson, 1862)). All LWRs were obtained from well-adjusted linear regressions with R2 ≥0.74. In addition, six new maximum lengths were recorded for six of the sampled species. Data presented herein expand the knowledge base for these species in the Archipelago, as they have limited or no LWR data available ; The present study was performed in the framework of Specific Collaboration Agreements between the IEO and Spain's Fishery Office from 2003 to 2010 with the aid of European Maritime and Fisheries Funds (EMFF). Authors wanted to thank to the crews involved in the surveys, the scientific observers on board, the MPAs Coordination and Surveillance Services, to the Fishermen's Guilds of La Graciosa, San Ginés, Tazacorte and Santa Cruz de La Palma, the national and regional governments staff, and the Canary Oceanographic Center of the Canary Islands who helped to a greater or lesser extent in the process of the field work. ; Postprint