Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Federalism and environmental health -- 2 The big picture: U.S. environmental priorities after 1970 -- 3 Fresh water quality and supply -- 4 Fresh air quality: indoors and out -- 5 Noise management -- 6 Nuclear waste management -- 7 Nanomaterials -- 8 Global climate change -- 9 Inequities, population control, and resource management -- 10 Robots, artificial intelligence, and the future of work -- 11 Epilogue: struggling for a sustainable future -- Index.

Cover -- Half Title: Jonas' Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System -- Author Bio -- Title: Jonas' Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Instructor Resources -- PART I: U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: PRESENT STATE -- Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE -- THE POPULATION SERVED -- U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- SUMMARY -- DATA SOURCES -- REVIEW QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: THE SETTINGS FOR HEALTH CARE DELIVERY -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- INTRODUCTION -- THE HOME -- AMBULATORY CARE -- HOSPITALS: INPATIENT ACUTE CARE -- POSTACUTE CARE -- SUMMARY -- DATA SOURCES -- REVIEW QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: THE PEOPLE WHO PROVIDE HEALTH CARE -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- INTRODUCTION -- HEALTH CARE WORKFORCE, OVERALL -- MEDICINE -- NURSING2 -- NURSE PRACTIONER AND OTHER APRNs -- PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT -- OTHER HEALTH CARE OCCUPATIONS -- PRIMARY CARE AND ITS PROVIDERS -- SUPPLY AND SATISFACTION OF THE HEALTH CARE WORKFORCE -- SUMMARY -- DATA SOURCES -- REVIEW QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: MEDICINES, DEVICES, AND TECHNOLOGY -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- INTRODUCTION -- PHARMACEUTICALS -- MEDICAL DEVICES -- OTHER MEDICAL DEVICES -- IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC -- SUMMARY -- DATA SOURCES -- REVIEW QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: GOVERNMENT AND THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY IN HEALTH CARE -- THE HEALTH CARE FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT -- THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN HEALTH CARE -- STATE GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN HEALTH CARE -- LOCAL GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN HEALTH CARE -- SUMMARY -- DATA SOURCES -- REVIEW QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: FINANCING THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM -- LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- INTRODUCTION.

This article examines health conditions in the rural areas of Central Argentina, the country's main region for soy-bean production and export. Health conditions are analyzed through the concepts of emerging and re-emerging diseases in a context of increasing poverty. Data on poverty and health was obtained from both primary sources (trade union, government officials, rural doctors and the South Watch/FA/FODEPAL/UNR working group) and secondary sources (IPEC/INDEC, IDESA, Consultora Equis, the Argentine Ministry of Employment, ILO, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of the Environment, toxicology centers and rural doctors). Analysis of rural health conditions gives cause for concern. There is evidence of deterioration in the social determinants of health such as an increase in rural and urban poverty associated with informal employment and child labor. At the same time lack of government epidemiological and toxicological data appears to hide or distort the reality of health conditions.

Argentina's population numbers about 40 million, with main genetic contributions from Europeans, Amerindians and, to a much lower extent, West Africans. There is a traditional health care system publicly funded coexisting with a social security system and a for-profit private sector. Clinical genetic services include about 40 units in public hospitals dealing mainly with pediatric genetics. The most conspicuous public policies in genetics are newborn screening and folic acid fortification of flour. Genetics/genomics research is funded by state agencies and is conducted in several institutes and centers. Clinical genetics research occurs in public hospitals and deals primarily with congenital syndromes. While there are no defined government policies in the public application of genomics, there have been initiatives to improve the provision of clinical genetic services countrywide. The main hurdles for applying genetics in health care are a fragmented, inefficient, and inequitable health system, facing large unmet needs in infectious diseases, malnutrition, prenatal and newborn care, deficient education in genetics, and lack of explicit public policies in genetic health care and governmental regulations. Overcoming these obstacles requires increase in government funding and improvement of the efficiency of the public health system and its genetic services. Further, there must be concerted efforts to ensure equitable access to the latter. Interactions should be promoted between clinical geneticists, public health officers, primary health care personnel and parent/patient organizations on the use of genetics/genomics in public health, as well as genetics education of health professionals, the public and decision makers, and development of the capacity of the state to regulate properly the application of genetic/genomic technologies to public health.

BACKGROUND: The high fragmentation and decentralization in the provision of health care services that characterizes Argentina's health system, as well as the economic and social inequalities, challenge the achievement of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The objective of this study is to measure socioeconomic-related inequality and horizontal inequity in the use of health care services in Argentina as well as identify the factors that contribute to these disparities. METHODS: The 2013 National Risk Factor Survey, developed by the Ministry of Health of Argentina, was used to measure socioeconomic-related inequality and inequity in the use of health care services through concentration curves, the Erreygers concentration index, and the index of horizontal inequity. Econometric micro-decomposition was applied to estimate the contribution of each determining factor to inequality in the use of health care services. RESULTS: The Erreygers concentration index for the use of health care services was 0.1223, evidencing pro-rich inequalities. By adding variables of health care needs, the horizontal inequity index was 0.1296. Non-need factors such as education and health coverage with social security increase pro-rich inequality. CONCLUSIONS: The Argentine health system shows pro-rich inequality in the use of health care services. It is necessary to design strategies to improve articulation between the three coverage subsectors and national, provincial, and municipal governments to keep the commitment of "not leaving anyone behind." The results showed here could provide lessons for countries with similar contexts and challenges in public health.

In the last three decades, the supply of housing in Argentina has not kept pace with demand. This study analyzes the main drivers of Argentina's housing market and relates them to the macroeconomic environment in order to advance a policy agenda for housing policy reform. The demand for housing was calculated and tenure choice was analyzed. Structural characteristics affecting Argentina's housing market include the high concentration of the urban population in a few large metropolitan areas, the association of urban poverty with the housing deficit, and overcrowding. The mortgage market lost its appeal following the 2001-02 crisis due to widespread breaches of contract legitimized through protective legislation (still in place), insufficient long-term financing, and high inflation. The housing deficit could be eliminated in five to eight years if well-coordinated policy initiatives to develop the mortgage market and provide low-income housing were adopted under a decentralized, demand-driven, subsidized program.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry represents the general introduction of the LoGov Report on Argentina providing an overview to the system of local government in the country. To access the full version of the report on Argentina, the various practices in the five above-mentioned areas of interest, and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

The Argentinean Congreso de la Nacion (National Congress, or Parliament) approved in November 2010 a new Mental Health Law (MHL) (Law 26657, 'Salud Publica. Derecho a la Proteccion de la Salud Mental' [Public Health. The Right to Protect Mental Health]). Although it is not the first law concerning mental health – as several of the provinces and the autonomous city of Buenos Aires (Argentina's capital) have enacted their own – the MHL establishes principles for human rights and the protection of patients, and aims to develop approaches in mental health that are compatible with the most advanced views and legislation from high-income countries. In this paper we report on the most important aspects of the MHL. We highlight areas that represent a change for Argentina, such as the new arrangements for both informal and compulsory admission to hospital.

Some months ago the Henry Dunant Institute, in co-operation with Messrs Sandoz S.A., undertook an enquiry into Health and Medicine in the 1980's in the developed countries. Following the Delphi method, it has so far given some interesting results.From the replies of sixty-three experts in eighteen countries to two successive questionnaires, it is apparent, in the first place, that the concept of health will extend over the next two decades to cover social and mental conditions which are not at present considered health problems.

This article is the result of a clearly academic exploration legal tinted, and aims to address major government contracts in Argentina compared with our system, for which it is premised on the realization of a historical sketch of procurement systems with the consequent development of the existing contractual framework;, also, a brief analysis of the legal framework that regulates the activity and to understand the new landscape that the matter is given specifically in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of contractual regulation Colombia. ; El presente artículo es consecuencia de una exploración académica con tinte netamente jurídico, siendo su objetivo principal abordar la contratación estatal en Argentina comparada con nuestro sistema, para lo cual se tiene como premisa la realización de un bosquejo histórico de los sistemas de contratación con el consecuente desarrollo del esquema contractual vigente; asimismo, un breve análisis del marco jurídico que regula la actividad para poder así entender el nuevo panorama que en la materia se da en concreto con relación a las ventajas y desventajas de la regulación contractual colombiana