Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Table Of Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Studies In The Ṭuroyo Verb -- Towards A Description Of Written Ṣurayt/Ṭuroyo: Some Syntactic Functions Of The Particle Kal -- Preliminary Remarks On Discourse Pragmatics In Ṭuroyo -- The Turkish Lexical Influence On Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo: A Preliminary Selection Of Examples -- Neologisms In Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo -- The Three /R/s Of Baṛtəḷḷa -- A Diachronic Perspective On Emphasis In Christian Diyana-Zariwaw -- Domains Of Emphasis, Syllable Structure And Morphological Boundaries In The Christian Urmi Dialect Of Neo-Aramaic -- The History Of The Future -- The Origin Of The Periphrastic Preterite Kəm/Qam-Qāṭəlle In North-Eastern Neoaramaic -- The Present Continuous In The Neo-Aramaic Dialect Of ʿankawa And Its Areal And Typological Parallels -- Causative-Inchoative Alternation In Northeastern Neo-Aramaic -- Split Ergativity In The Nena Dialects -- The Particle Wal In The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect Of Zakho -- More From H. J. Polotsky's Nachlaß On The Verb In Urmi -- Christian Salamas And Jewish Salmas: Two Separate Types Of Neo-Aramaic -- Some Features Of The Gaznax Dialect (Southeast Turkey) -- How A Neo-Aramaic Speaker (Avidani Of ʿamidya) Copes With A Biblical Aramaic Text (Book Of Daniel): A Survey Of Mistranslations Of Verbal And Nominal Forms -- Folk-Narratives In The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect Of Zakho: The Case Of Yosef Ve-ʾeḥav -- Songs Of The Assyrian Mountaineers -- Neo-Mandaic In Mandaean Manuscript Sources -- Tense, Aspect And Mood In The Doctrine Of John -- Verb-Goal (Vg) Word Order In Kurdish And Neo-Aramaic: Typological And Areal Considerations -- On The Convergence Of Verbal Systems Of Aramaic And Its Neighbours. Part I: Presentbased Paradigms -- On The Convergence Of Verbal Systems Of Aramaic And Its Neighbours. Part II: Past Paradigms Derived From Present Equivalents -- Index.

AbstractTuroyo, an endangered Neo-Aramaic language that originated in the area of Tur Abdin in southeastern Turkey and had not been written prior to this century, is spoken today by around 50,000 people scattered worldwide. Spurred on by persecution, Turoyo-speaking immigrants began to arrive in the US as early as the late 1890s. We focus our study on a northern New Jersey community in which Turoyo is spoken. This tight-knit community, whose religious and social center is the Mor Gabriel Syriac Orthodox Church, is made up of around 200 families. The community is working hard to pass the language on to their children through speaking Turoyo in the home and in church, and also through programs including a specially created Sunday school curriculum, a weekly Aramaic school, and a summer day camp. However, despite the community's best efforts, language shift is taking place. We use a sociolinguistic approach involving sociolinguistic methods and interviews to show that family, social networks, and religion influence who is most likely to be a proficient speaker of Turoyo in this community, but that identity is the one sociolinguistic variable that can best account for the variety of cases in which language shift is taking place.

At head of title: Generalverwaltung der Königlichen museen zu Berlin. ; v. [1] Text.--v. [2] Tafeln. ; Mode of access: Internet.

At head of title: Generalverwaltung der Königlichen museen zu Berlin. ; Vol. 1. Text.- Vol. 2. Plates. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting. ; This book is a detailed study of contact-induced change in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj, a town in western Iran. Since its foundation in early 17th century, the city has been home to a significant Jewish community. The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of the town displays different historical layers of contact with various Iranian languages over the course of many centuries. The Iranian languages in question are Gorani, Kurdish, and Persian. Among these, Gorani has had a particularly deep impact on Jewish Neo-Aramaic, whereas the impact of Kurdish, and especially Persian, remains superficial. Jewish Neo-Aramaic records a history of language shift from Gorani to Kurdish in the region. The book offers insights into contact-induced change in social contexts in which a language is maintained as a demarcation of communal identity in a multilingual setting.

Some of the text with German translation. ; At head of title: Generalverwaltung der Königlichen museen zu Berlin. ; Sendschreiben und briefe amtlichen und privaten charakters.--Verzeichnisse von personennamen.--Schriftstücke vorwiegend geschäftlichen inhalts.--Literarisches: Achikar, bruchstücke einer didaktischen erzählung. Bruchstück einer erzählung. Teile der inschrift des königs Darius I. von Behistun.--Kleinere bruchstücke.--Ostraka, krugaufschriften und verwandtes.--Über den aramäischen dialekt der Elephantine-sprachdenkmäler. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article is about diverse types of convergence as well a few examples of how diversity within Kurdish affects the modern Aramaic dialectal landscape in Kurdistan. Kurdish-Aramaic bilingualism has had a major impact on Eastern Neo-Aramaic languages. There are numerous challenges to a comprehensive study of contact between the two speech communities, whose far-reaching history is intriguing yet highly complicated. In so doing, the functional-communicative approach mainly developed by Yaron Matras will be helpful, which presupposes that bilingual discourse is the primary locus of contact-induced change. Different factors play a role: those that facilitate, that constrain and that motivate the borrowing. This approach makes a valuable distinction between the borrowing of linguistic matter (concrete word-forms and parts) and the borrowing of linguistic patterns (constructions and their usage). It will be observed that the Jewish Aramaic dialects to the east of the Greater Zab River in the sphere of Central Kurdish influence are less resistant to incorporating Kurdish material, whereas those to the west of it tend to adapt to patterns of Northern Kurdish while making use of native Aramaic material.Cihêrengî di konverjansê de: Lêk-aliyana cudatiyên navxweyî yên kurdî û ara-miyêEv meqale li ser awayên cihê yên konverjansê [levqelibîna zimanan] û li ser wan nimûneyan e ku rola cudatiyên navxweyî yên zimanê kurdî nîşan didin di şiklgirtina zaravayên aramiya hevçerx de li Kurdistanê. Duzimaniya kurdî-aramî tesîreke gelek mezin kiriye li ser birê rojhilatî yê zimanên aramiya nû. Gelek asteng hene li ber vekolîneke berfireh a temasa zimanî ya di navbera herdu cemaetên zimanî de, ku tarîxa wan a pir qedîm hem têkel e hem jî aloz e. Ji bo hewleke wisa, modêla fonksiyonel-komûnîkatîv [erkî-ragihandinî], ku bi taybetî Yaron Matrasî pêş xistiye, dê gelek kêrhatî be, lewre pêşferza vê modêlê ew e ku axiftina duzimanî navenda guherîna zimanî ya bi rêya temasa zimanan e. Fakterên cuda xwedan rol in: hindek fakter rêxweşker in, hindek astengker û hindek jî handerên deynkirinê [ya peyv û amrazên rêzimanî] ne. Ev modêl cudatiyeke binirx dixe navbera deynkirina keresteyê zimanî (peyv û form û parçeyên berçav) û deynkirina nimûne û mastereyên zimanî (binyad û avanî û şiklê bikaranîna wan). Di vê meqaleyê de dê diyar bibe ku ew zaravayên aramiya cihûyan yên li rojhilatê rûbarê Zêya Mezin, ku li jêr tesîra soraniyê ne, zêdetir keresteyê zimanî yê kurdiyê deyn dikin û dixine nav sîstema zimanê xwe, di demekê de ku zaravayên li rojavayê wî rûbarî bêtir nimûne û mastereyên kurmanciyê werdigirin lê heman keresteyê zimanî yê aramiyê bi kar tînin. جۆربەجۆری لەناو یەکگرتنەوەدا: تێکئاڵانی جیاوازی زمانی کوردی و ئارامیئەم وتارە لەمەڕ شێوە جۆربەجۆرەکانی یەکگرتنەوەیە و هەروەها چەند نموونەیەک لەوەی کە چۆن زمانی کوردی کاریگەری لەسەر بەرجەوەندی زاراوەیی ئارامیی هاوچەرخ لە کوردستان دادەنێت. دووزمانیەتی کوردی ــ ئارامی کاریگەرییەکی زۆری لەسەر زمانە نوێ ــ ئارامییەکانی ڕۆژهەڵات هەبووە. چەندین ئاستەنگ لەسەر ڕێگای توێژینەوەیەکی گشتگر سەبارەت بە پەیوەندی نێوان کۆمەڵەی ئاخێوەرانی ئەم دوو زمانە لە ئارادایە. ئەو جڤاتانەی کە لەگەڵ ئەوەدا مێژوویەکی هاوبەشیان هەیە بەسەرسووڕمانەوە هێشتا بە ئاڵۆزی ماوەنەتەوە. لەم هەوڵەودا بۆچوونێکی کارکرد ــ ڕاگەیاندنی، کە زیاتر یارۆن مەترەس پەرەی پێداوە، کەڵکی زۆری دەبێت. چونکە پێش‌گریمانەی ئەم بۆچوونە ئەوەیە گوتاری دووزمانیەتی، ناوەندی سەرەکی گۆڕانکارییەکە کە بە هۆی پەیوەندییەوە چێ دەبێت. چەند هۆی جیاواز لەم باسەدا دەور دەبینن: ئەوانەی ڕێگاخۆشکەرن؛ ئەوانەی ڕێگرن و یان هاندەری ئەوەن کە لەباری زمانییەوە لە زمانێکی تر قەرز بکرێت. ئەم بۆچوونە لە نێوان قەرزکردنی کەرەسەی پێویستی زمانی (ئەو بەشانەی زمان و شێوازەکانی وشە کە بەرچاون) لەگەڵ قەرزکردنی نموونە زمانییەکان (داڕشتنە ڕێزمانییەکان و شێوازی بەکارهێنانیان) هەڵاوردەیەکی بەنرخ بەدەستەوە دەدات. لێرەدا دەردەکەوێت کە ئەو زاراوە ئارامی جوولەکانەی کە دەکەونە ڕۆژهەڵاتی ڕووباری زێی گەورە و لە دەڤەری کاریگەری زمانی کوردیی ناوەندیدان کەمتر لە بەرامبەر بەکارهێنانی کوردیدا بەرگری دەکەن، ئەمە لە کاتێکدایە ئەو زاراوانەی کە لە ڕۆژئاوای ڕووبارەکەدان زیاتر دەیانەوێت نموونەکانی کوردیی باکور بەکار بهێنن و لە هەمان کاتدا کەرەسەکانی زمانی ئارامی ڕەسەن دەکار دەکەن.

Spoken vernacular dialects of Aramaic, generally known as Neo-Aramaic dialects, have survived down to modern times in various regions of the Middle East and can be divided into various subgroups. There are some islands of Neo-Aramaic in the West of Iran, which are situated on the eastern periphery of the Neo-Aramaic area. These include dialects spoken by Christians and Jews belonging to the North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic subgroup in the West Azerbaijan, Kordestan and Kermanshah provinces and Neo-Mandaic spoken by Mandaeans in the Khuzestan province. This paper examines a number of distinctive features of the Neo-Aramaic dialects of Iran, including those that have been induced by contact with other languages in the area.

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Symbols -- Introduction -- Chapter One. Personal Names with Analysis -- Chapter Two. Lexicon of Personal Names -- Chapter Three. Discussion of Aspects of Religious Implications in Personal Names -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index

The Bible in the Bowls represents a complete catalogue of Hebrew Bible quotations found in the published corpus of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic magic bowls. As our only direct epigraphic witnesses to the Hebrew Bible from late antique Babylonia, the bowls are uniquely placed to contribute to research on the (oral) transmission of the biblical text in late antiquity; the pre-Masoretic Babylonian vocalisation tradition; the formation of the liturgy and the early development of the Jewish prayer book; the social locations of biblical knowledge in late antique Babylonia and socio-religious typologies of the bowls; and the dynamics of scriptural citation in ancient Jewish magic. In a number of cases, the bowls also contain the earliest attestations of biblical verses not found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Pre-dating the next available evidence by four to five centuries, the bowls are a valuable resource for biblical text critics.

By making these valuable witnesses to the Hebrew Bible easily available to scholars, The Bible in the Bowls is designed to facilitate further research by linguists, liturgists, biblical text critics, and students of Jewish magic. It collates and transcribes each biblical verse as it appears in the published bowls, furnishes details of the bowls' publication, and notes various features of interest. The catalogue is also accompanied by an accessible introduction that briefly introduces the incantation bowls, surveys their deployment of scripture in light of their magical goals, and discusses the orthography of the quotations and what this can tell us about the encounter with the biblical text in late antique Babylonia.

Contents: Preface; Part I Petra and Nabataean Script: Nabataean inscriptions: language and script; Were the Nabataeans Arabs?; Nabataean to Arabic: calligraphy and script development among the pre-Islamic Arabs; Sources for the study of Nabataean Law; The Nabataeans and Mada'in Salih; A Nabataean sundial from Mada'in Salih; Jaussen-Savignac 17: the earliest dated Arabic document (A.D. 267), (with G. Rex Smith); Nabataeo-Arabic: Jaussen-Savignac nab. 17 and 18; A Nabataean papyrus fragment (Bodleian MS Heb. d. 89); 'Sicherheit des Auges': the contribution to Semitic epigraphy of the explorer Julius Euting (1839-1913). Part II Edessa and Early Syriac: The Edessan milieu and the birth of Syriac; The early history of the Syriac script: a reassessment; A new Syriac mosaic inscription; Lexical loans in early Syriac: a comparison with Nabataean Aramaic; Variety in early Syriac: the context in contemporary Aramaic; Some lexical and legal notes on a Syriac loan transfer of 240 CE. Part III Aramaic and Society in the Roman Near East: 'Romans always conquer'. Some evidence of ethnic identity on Rome's eastern frontier; New evidence for the Aramaic legal tradition: from Elephantine to Edessa; The writing on the wall: law in Aramaic epigraphy; 'May he be remembered for good': an Aramaic formula; Dushara as Sun-God; The kindly and merciful God: on some Semitic divine epithets; From Sapanu/Sapunu to Kasion: the sacred history of a mountain; Addenda and corrigenda; Index.

§I. All the Jews of Zakho, together with all the Jews of Iraq, emigrated to Israel in the years 1951 and 1952. Some waves of Kurdish Jews had already arrived in Palestine in the 1920s. In Israel, their Neo-Aramaic speech became strongly influenced and gradually superseded by Israeli Hebrew. The Neo-Aramaic speech of the elders, however, was much less influenced by Modern Hebrew and still retains characteristic Kurdistani features, including a large number of loanwords from Kurdish–Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and old, traditional Hebrew. Another typical feature is the coloring of their Neo-Aramaic speech with numerous proverbs in the languages of their neighboring ethnic groups. The multilingual proverbs are an excellent example of the mutual influence of the various ethnic groups and cultures of Iraqi Kurdistan.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Historical Linguistics and Endangered Languages -- Note -- References -- Part I Synchrony and Diachrony in Phonological Systems -- 2 Why Is Tone Change Still Poorly Understood, and How Might Documentation of Less-Studied Tone Languages Help? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Challenges in Tone Analysis -- 2.1. A Typological Framework for Describing Tone? -- 2.2. Other Frameworks for Understanding Tone -- 2.3. Distance Between Phonological Tones and Phonetic Realizations -- 3. Tonal Reconstruction -- 3.1. Do Tones Change Faster Than Segments? -- 3.2. Phonetic Divergence -- 3.3. Irregular Correspondences -- 4. A Case Study From the Chatino (Otomanguean) Languages of Mexico -- 4.1. Chatino Languages -- 4.2. Segmental Changes -- 4.3. Basic Tonal Correspondences, Reconstructions, and Changes -- 4.4. Many Minor and Irregular Tone Correspondences -- 4.5. Grammatical Tone As a Source of Lexical Tone Change? -- 5. Discussion and Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3 Phonological Enrichment in Neo-Aramaic Dialects Through Language Contact -- 1. The Neo-Aramaic Dialects -- 2. Convergence of Sound Systems -- 2.1. Phonemicization of Phonetic De-Aspiration After Fricatives -- 2.2. Phonemic Merger of a Stop and a Laryngeal Stop -- 2.3. Reanalysis of Pharyngealized Segments -- 3. Functional Application -- 3.1. Loss of Complexity in Linguistic Systems -- 3.2. Marking of Word Boundaries -- 3.3. Sound Symbolism -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 4 Vowel Quality As a History Maker: Stress, Metaphony and the Renewal of Proto-Semitic Morphology in Modern ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The MSA Languages in Their Semitic Setting -- 2.1. Phylogenetic Classification -- 2.2. Background: Semitic Languages -- 2.2.1. Proto-Semitic Phonology.