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One of the great Muslim philosophers whose name is still considered to this day is Ibn Khaldun. Many important ideas of his thinking are contained in his work Muqaddimah, one of which is about leadership. His fairly mature experience in the world of practical politics made him have a mature understanding of the concept. In this article, Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on leadership will be reviewed. From the analysis that the author did, this study obtained the result that according to Ibn Ibn Khaldun leadership is something that must exist and in accordance with the teachings of Islam. According to him, leadership can be achieved through the existence of supremacy achieved with fanaticism through asabiyyah. In addition to asabiyyah, religion also plays a role in the establishment of leadership. In fact, the solidarity produced by religion is much stronger than that produced only by asabiyyah. In addition, Ibn Khaldun also gave some criteria for a leader, including having knowledge, being able to do justice, competent, physically and spiritually healthy, and having a lineage from the tribe of Quraish. ; AbstractOne of the great Muslim philosophers whose name is still considered to this day is Ibn Khaldun. Many important ideas of his thinking are contained in his work Muqaddimah, one of which is about leadership. His fairly mature experience in the world of practical politics made him have a mature understanding of the concept. In this article, Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on leadership will be reviewed. From the analysis that the author did, this study obtained the result that according to Ibn Ibn Khaldun leadership is something that must exist and in accordance with the teachings of Islam. According to him, leadership can be achieved through the existence of supremacy achieved with fanaticism through asabiyyah. In addition to asabiyyah, religion also plays a role in the establishment of leadership. In fact, the solidarity produced by religion is much stronger than that produced only by asabiyyah. In addition, Ibn Khaldun also ...

This book features 18 essays that explore the ways people communicate in the Arab world, from the Unites Arab Emirates to Qatar, Saudi Arabia to Oman. While there is a concentration of studies from the Gulf Arab states, the collection spans perspectives from Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Sudan. Written by both Arab authors and foreign scholars who live or have lived in the region, it will help readers to better understand and communicate with Arab culture and society. The book is divided into three main sections that include studies in educational, professional, and societal contexts. Based on ethnographies, case studies, and real life experiences, the essays provide insight into the ways Arabs communicate in different situations, contexts, and settings such as business, education, politics, media, healthcare, and society at large. Drawing on current theory, research, and practice, this book will help readers better understand and, as a result, better engage with the Arab world

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap faktor yang mempengaruhi, mendukung dan menghambat motivasi belajar secara internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal adalah diri dan kemampuan peserta didik pada tahap awal, sedangkan faktor eksternal adalah hubungan stimulus dan respon peserta didik di lingkungan dalam maupun luar sekolah. Artikel ini menggunakan metode riset kepustakaan. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan motivasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab masih mengalami berbagai kendala. Kendala tersebut dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor yaitu: faktor edukatif, faktor sosial budaya, faktor linguistik bahasa Arab, faktor politik dan diplomasi luar negeri.