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The Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE) presents the twentieth jubilee edition of the annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018". In the course of two decades the publication has attracted a broad circle of readers. Informative material contained here might be useful for agricultural specialists and scientists, farmers and entrepreneurs, lecturers and students. Quite a number of ministries of the Republic of Lithuania, embassies and other state institutions make reference to this publication. The publication provides material highlighting Lithuania's achievements in agriculture and food industry and their determinant factors, national agricultural and food product manufacture and sales on domestic and foreign markets, as well as changes in the economic and production performance of agricultural and food sector farms and enterprises. Great relevance of the publication is owing to the exclusive competitive priorities of Lithuanian agriculture in the context of the European Union (EU) member states, the issues and challenges advanced, while meeting the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) programming period for 2021–2027. This is the basis in discussing the Lithuanian agricultural programming objectives, tasks and types of intervention measures. The publication provides mainly the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indices, focusing special attention on the 2018 outcomes. Pursuing to retain the opportunity for comparing the key indices and their tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. The publication has been prepared according to the statistical information from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania), Eurostat, European Commission (EC), the Agricultural Information and Rural Business Centre (AIRBC), the National Paying Agency (NPA), the Public Enterprise "Ekoagros" and the LIAE research results (Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Economic Accounts for Agriculture, etc.). As in any previous year, some provisional statistical data for the year 2018 have been used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be elucidated in the later publications of Statistics Lithuania and in the next-year LIAE survey. Our sincere gratitude goes to the executives and staff members of the afore-mentioned institutions for expeditious provision of statistical information and advice. The annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018" is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania. The authors of the publication believe that this material will be useful for all interested in Lithuanian agricultural and food sector topicalities and welcome any feedback from you, dear readers.

The Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE) presents the twentieth jubilee edition of the annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018". In the course of two decades the publication has attracted a broad circle of readers. Informative material contained here might be useful for agricultural specialists and scientists, farmers and entrepreneurs, lecturers and students. Quite a number of ministries of the Republic of Lithuania, embassies and other state institutions make reference to this publication. The publication provides material highlighting Lithuania's achievements in agriculture and food industry and their determinant factors, national agricultural and food product manufacture and sales on domestic and foreign markets, as well as changes in the economic and production performance of agricultural and food sector farms and enterprises. Great relevance of the publication is owing to the exclusive competitive priorities of Lithuanian agriculture in the context of the European Union (EU) member states, the issues and challenges advanced, while meeting the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) programming period for 2021–2027. This is the basis in discussing the Lithuanian agricultural programming objectives, tasks and types of intervention measures. The publication provides mainly the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indices, focusing special attention on the 2018 outcomes. Pursuing to retain the opportunity for comparing the key indices and their tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. The publication has been prepared according to the statistical information from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania), Eurostat, European Commission (EC), the Agricultural Information and Rural Business Centre (AIRBC), the National Paying Agency (NPA), the Public Enterprise "Ekoagros" and the LIAE research results (Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Economic Accounts for Agriculture, etc.). As in any previous year, some provisional statistical data for the year 2018 have been used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be elucidated in the later publications of Statistics Lithuania and in the next-year LIAE survey. Our sincere gratitude goes to the executives and staff members of the afore-mentioned institutions for expeditious provision of statistical information and advice. The annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018" is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania. The authors of the publication believe that this material will be useful for all interested in Lithuanian agricultural and food sector topicalities and welcome any feedback from you, dear readers.

The Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE) presents the twentieth jubilee edition of the annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018". In the course of two decades the publication has attracted a broad circle of readers. Informative material contained here might be useful for agricultural specialists and scientists, farmers and entrepreneurs, lecturers and students. Quite a number of ministries of the Republic of Lithuania, embassies and other state institutions make reference to this publication. The publication provides material highlighting Lithuania's achievements in agriculture and food industry and their determinant factors, national agricultural and food product manufacture and sales on domestic and foreign markets, as well as changes in the economic and production performance of agricultural and food sector farms and enterprises. Great relevance of the publication is owing to the exclusive competitive priorities of Lithuanian agriculture in the context of the European Union (EU) member states, the issues and challenges advanced, while meeting the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) programming period for 2021–2027. This is the basis in discussing the Lithuanian agricultural programming objectives, tasks and types of intervention measures. The publication provides mainly the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indices, focusing special attention on the 2018 outcomes. Pursuing to retain the opportunity for comparing the key indices and their tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. The publication has been prepared according to the statistical information from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania), Eurostat, European Commission (EC), the Agricultural Information and Rural Business Centre (AIRBC), the National Paying Agency (NPA), the Public Enterprise "Ekoagros" and the LIAE research results (Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Economic Accounts for Agriculture, etc.). As in any previous year, some provisional statistical data for the year 2018 have been used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be elucidated in the later publications of Statistics Lithuania and in the next-year LIAE survey. Our sincere gratitude goes to the executives and staff members of the afore-mentioned institutions for expeditious provision of statistical information and advice. The annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018" is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania. The authors of the publication believe that this material will be useful for all interested in Lithuanian agricultural and food sector topicalities and welcome any feedback from you, dear readers.

The Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE) presents the twentieth jubilee edition of the annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018". In the course of two decades the publication has attracted a broad circle of readers. Informative material contained here might be useful for agricultural specialists and scientists, farmers and entrepreneurs, lecturers and students. Quite a number of ministries of the Republic of Lithuania, embassies and other state institutions make reference to this publication. The publication provides material highlighting Lithuania's achievements in agriculture and food industry and their determinant factors, national agricultural and food product manufacture and sales on domestic and foreign markets, as well as changes in the economic and production performance of agricultural and food sector farms and enterprises. Great relevance of the publication is owing to the exclusive competitive priorities of Lithuanian agriculture in the context of the European Union (EU) member states, the issues and challenges advanced, while meeting the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) programming period for 2021–2027. This is the basis in discussing the Lithuanian agricultural programming objectives, tasks and types of intervention measures. The publication provides mainly the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indices, focusing special attention on the 2018 outcomes. Pursuing to retain the opportunity for comparing the key indices and their tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. The publication has been prepared according to the statistical information from the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania), Eurostat, European Commission (EC), the Agricultural Information and Rural Business Centre (AIRBC), the National Paying Agency (NPA), the Public Enterprise "Ekoagros" and the LIAE research results (Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Economic Accounts for Agriculture, etc.). As in any previous year, some provisional statistical data for the year 2018 have been used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be elucidated in the later publications of Statistics Lithuania and in the next-year LIAE survey. Our sincere gratitude goes to the executives and staff members of the afore-mentioned institutions for expeditious provision of statistical information and advice. The annual publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2018" is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania. The authors of the publication believe that this material will be useful for all interested in Lithuanian agricultural and food sector topicalities and welcome any feedback from you, dear readers.

The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.

The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.

The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.

The publication "Agricultural and Food Sector in Lithuania 2014" is the sixteenth edition of the annual publications by the Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE). This analytical economic survey of agriculture, processing industry and fisheries was prepared referring to the statistical information, accountability data of companies, and the findings of research conducted by the LIAE staff. The year 2014, full of ordeals, changes and challenges, was complicated for Lithuania's agriculture and food sector. A decline in agricultural product purchase prices resulted in a drop of gross output (at current prices) by 7.7%. Export of agricultural and food products also went down, even though export in products of Lithuanian origin in 2014 was by 0.7% higher as compared to 2013. Balance of foreign trade in agricultural and food products has been positive since 2004. In 2014, it was 1.8 times higher than in 2010 and amounted to EUR 963 million. National agricultural development was further encouraged by the European Union (EU) and national budget support. Due to delay in funding of the 2014–2020 period measures, the amount of funds allocated for 2014 agricultural direct and investment support, intervention and other market regulation measures was lower by 6.5% than 2013. The publication provides the five-year period variations in the agricultural and food sector development indicators, special attention focusing on the events and outcomes in 2014, except a review "Achievements of the agricultural and agri-food sector in the framework of the objectives of the CAP over the EU membership decade". Pursuing the opportunity to compare the key tendencies, data in all surveys is provided following the single methodology and structure. As in any previous year, some preliminary statistical indicators for the year 2014 were used. Final economic and financial outcomes will be reflected in the later publications of the Department of Statistics and in the next-year LIAE survey. Insignificant deviations due to rounding are possible in statistical data.

This article examines how Russia's economic crisis and ban on agricultural imports from the United States and other Western countries that began in 2014 have impacted its agricultural and food sector. The import ban was a Russian response to geopolitical tension with the West stemming from the country's conflict with Ukraine, while the main cause of the economic crisis was a plunge in world oil prices. Given that the bulk of Russia's export earnings come from oil and other energy products, the oil price decline triggered a major depreciation of the ruble against the US dollar and other major currencies. Ruble depreciation and the import ban have affected Russian consumers by reducing Russia's imports of agricultural and food products, substantially raising food prices, and lowering consumption. However, the country's basic food availability has not been threatened. By increasing domestic prices, the depreciation and import ban have stimulated agricultural production. The added output has reduced meat imports and raised grain exports. Russian meat imports in 2014–2016 (average annual) were about 40% lower compared to 2011–2013, while grain exports in 2014–2016 were 50% higher than in 2011–2013 (though production-enhancing favorable weather was also a cause).

This study examines how the performance of the agricultural sector can be enhanced in the longrun through institutional framework thereby ensuring food security in Nigeria. It employs the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) with data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), World Development Indicators (WDI), and World Governance Indicators (WDI). Food security is used as the dependent variable proxied by the number of the people undernourished under the stability dimension; agricultural sector performance and institutional framework as the independent variables, while population is a control variable. Two agricultural variables (agriculture production and agriculture credit) are employed with six variables of institutional framework. The findings show that in the long-run, agriculture production and agriculture credit (agriculture variables) will increase food security by reducing the number of people undernourished by 2% and 18%, respectively. In terms of institutional framework; political stability and absence of violence and rule of law increase food security by reducing undernourishment by approximately 69% and 29%, respectively; control of corruption and voice and accountability tends to reduce food security by increasing the number of the people undernourished by 74%, 51% and 63% respectively. Therefore, the study concludes by recommending, among others, that the Nigerian institutional framework should be improved (especially the control of corruption) in addressing the challenges in the implementation of food security programmes and ensuring timely distribution of food resources.

The food industry is one of the largest energy consumers in the world, with 95 EJ/year. In this context, in Europe the amount of energy needed to cultivate, process, package and bring food to the homes of citizens reached 285 Mtoe in 2015, of which 14 Mtoe due to the Italian agricultural and food system. With the aim of favoring a drastic reduction in energy consumption, the European Commission, and the main international agencies, ie: FAO, OECD, UN over the last decade have aligned on the need to develop policies to support energy efficiency, renewable energies and sustainable technologies in order to minimize the use of fossil fuels and to reduce the final energy consumption, especially in the main energy-intensive sectors as industry and construction, but also with regards to agriculture and food industry sector. This work is focused on the agricultural and food system in Italy, of which the energy consumption and efficiency measures, the renewable energy use, and the new consumer trends for a sustainable agrofood system, are briefly analyzed.

The agricultural and food sector is an ideal case for investigating the political economy of public policies. Many of the policy developments in this sector since the 1950s have been sudden and transformational, while others have been gradual but persistent. This article reviews and synthesizes the literature on trends and fluctuations in market distortions and the political-economy explanations that have been advanced. Based on a rich global data set covering a half-century of evidence on commodities, countries, and policy instruments, we identify hypotheses that have been explored in the literature on the extent of market distortions and the conditions under which reform may be feasible.