Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Author Bio -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables, Figures and Charts -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Geography of Highly Skilled Arab Migration -- Chapter 3. Highly Skilled Migrants in the Arab Mediterranean: Who, Why and What is to be Done -- Chapter 4. Highly Skilled Migration into, through and from the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 5. Highly Skilled Diaspora Knowledge Transfers: TOKTEN in the Arab World -- Chapter 6. Young and Highly Skilled: Emigration from Lebanon -- Chapter 7. Legal and Regulatory Framework of Highly Skilled Migration: The Case of the Palestinian Authority -- Chapter 8. Jordan, a Land of No Return? Highly Skilled Migration, before and during the Arab Spring -- Chapter 9. Highly Skilled Migration and Development in Egypt -- Chapter 10. The Socio-Political Framework of Highly Skilled Migration in Tunisia -- Chapter 11. Highly Skilled Migration: Morocco -- Chapter 12. Algerian Highly Skilled Migration: The Aetiology of a Disaster -- Chapter 13. The Arab Spring and Sudan Brain Drain -- Chapter 14. Highly Skilled Migration from Mauritania: Socio-Political Aspects and Questions -- Contributors -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

This volume presents chapters on the theme of borders and migration, written for the annual meetings of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy. It features three lead chapters and a series of responses by other scholars drawn from the fields of law, political science, and philosophy

The prevailing Eurocentric perspective on Mediterranean migration lies almost exclusively in the security paradigm, focusing upon African illegal migration to Europe and disregarding the role of migration in the socio-economic development of the African continent. The older emigration histories of North African countries are diverse, with Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria linked to France as a destination country, Libya as an immigration country, and Egypt linked with other Arab countries for temporary migration alongside permanent migration to Anglophone countries. More recent changes include the emergence of southern Europe as destination countries for all except Libyans, and all of North Africa turned into transit countries for migrants from sub-Sahara Africa and Asia.
The 'new migrations' from and through North Africa are described, along with known major migration routes and data on interceptions of illegal migrants by southern European countries. North African policy responses are also identified, noting especially the failure of all countries in the region to observe international human rights standards. Finally, I outline the 'failed policy' of the European Union, which simply continues the securitisation approach previously pursued by Spain and Italy, neglecting the fundamental realities of Africa as a new continent of emigration. Furthermore, European policy promotes the human rights abuses of North Africa with regard to illegal migrants and asylum-seekers, yet welcomes skilled (as opposed to semiskilled) African migrants to European territory. Europe thus guarantees the continuation of African underdevelopment – seeking to avoid its negative symptom of mass emigration and asylum-seeking whilst benefiting from the migration to Europe of skilled African workers.

Due to the economic crisis, from the beginning of the new century many of Portugal's former immigrants have moved on to Spain and other European countries, in parallel with the increase in Portuguese emigration. In the context of Southern Europe, Portugal faces a singular situation. Similarly to Spain, Italy and Greece, the country registered a strong immigration in the late 1990s. However, in the early years of the new century immigration has decreased. At the same time, emigration has continued and a new wave of emigrants has left the country, mostly directed towards Spain. As regards government policy, admission and integration have been addressed but emigration has not seriously been looked into.