Suchergebnisse

The development of the agriculture sector is one of the most imperative factors for fulfilling basic human needs, alleviating poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and becoming a significant contributor to national development for most developing countries. Over one billion of the world's labour force is engaged directly and indirectly in this sector, one-third of the world's workforce. Unfortunately, the laborers working in the agriculture sector face multidimensional socioeconomic problems such as poor livelihood conditions, meagre employment circumstances, long working hours, fewer rewards, unavailability of basic safety facilities, remuneration and pitiable nutrition, among others. To understand the contributing factors responsible for socioeconomic problems, this study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab province: Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Dera Ghazi Khan. For this purpose, a multistage simple random sampling procedure was applied to approach the participants. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection and validated through pilot testing. The study's findings revealed that the laborers' employment conditions could have been more conducive while agricultural laborers were receiving lesser wages. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards. In contrast, the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. Many participants reported chronic socioeconomic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.

The presence of migrant workers in the agricultural system of Southern Italy is cur-rently an essential element of this economic area. This increasing presence is deep-ly linked with the transformations occurred to agricultural markets and hence on the mode of production and distribution, not only in Italy or in Europe but at a global level. Moving from this context, the article focuses on the articulation of spaces and time of production and reproduction of the seasonal agricultural work proposing an analytical distinction according to camps, their functions, characteris-tics and interconnections. The research methodology highlights the threads and circulations of migrant subjectivities, in their different activities – labor, leisure, so-cial relations – along these camps through a multi-sited ethnography which con-siders as a case study the seasonal potato harvest in the Siracusa area. These camps can be subdivided into four different types, based on the functions they fulfill: the "scattered camp", the "sanctuary", the "plantation", the "institutional camp". The porosity among these different camp typologies represents a crucial element. We define archipelago of camps the flourishing of formal and informal encampments and sanctuaries, densely intertwined and reciprocally influencing one another, emerging from the contentious or fruitful encounters of the actors in the field.

Eighteenth-century population listings and church records are used to examine the determinants of marriage patterns in an agricultural population. Using macro-level data it is shown that the availability of mates has relatively little effect on marriage patterns. Using micro-level data it is shown that determinants affect marriage patterns differentially across occupational groups. Special attention is given to explaining marital behavior among agricultural laborers. A determinant of their marriage patterns is suggested which has received little attention so far: the attractiveness of marriage relative to service in husbandry.

One: Working for wages in the West's agricultural industry -- Two: Appealing to migrant workers in the streets and organizing laborers on the farms -- Three: A bumper crop of Harvest Wobblies -- Four: War and persecution -- Five: Perseverance amid change -- Six: The resurgence of Harvest Wobblies -- Seven: The road to oblivion

This article is based on an in-depth study of the socio-economic changes experienced by agricultural laborers as a result of tobacco cultivation. Two villages in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, India—one where tobacco is extensively grown (Karavadi) and the other where it is not (Veerabhadrapuram) are studied. What emerges from the study is that tobacco cultivation has not only acted as a money multiplier, but has brought about a very high degree of social awareness among the hitherto so-called untouchables (now termed Dalits) in this district. They have become highly conscious of their political and social rights for improving themselves. In this process, some of the practices like untouchability, social exclusion and engagement in traditional occupations have been shaken at their roots.

In this paper we present a situated analysis of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the life of small-scale farmers and agricultural laborers in India, Algeria, and Morocco. We draw on data collected through phone interviews since April 2020. Inspired by feminist scholars, we analyze our findings thinking with—and entangling—the concepts of intersectionality, resilience and care. We firstly document the material impacts of the lockdown measures, focusing particularly on the experiences of single women farmers and laborers, whose livelihood and well-being have been notably compromised. Secondly, we unfold how different agricultural actors have come up with inventive ways to respond to the unexpected situation which they are facing. In doing so, we highlight the importance of considering the multiple and entangled socionatural challenges, uncertainties, and marginalizations that different agricultural actors experience, as well as the transformative potential of their inventive practices, which are often motivated and informed by notions of care.