Suchergebnisse

Is there any fundamental distinction between so-called "public" and "private" agencies, officers, institutions, corporations, associations, persons—legal entities and quasi-entities of all sorts? It is the theory of the courts that such a distinction exists, but their attempts through a maze of decisions logically to establish a principle of distinction have been futile.Several bases of distinction have been adopted by the courts, including, first, the purpose or interest involved. "An office … seems to comprehend every charge or employment in which the public is interested." Thus "private corporations are those which are created for the immediate benefit and advantage of individuals…. Public corporations are those which are created for public purposes."However, it is held that the whole interest in the corporation must be public to make it a public corporation. "Public corporations are political corporations or such as are founded wholly for public purposes and the whole interest in which is in the public. The fact of the public having an interest in the works or property or the object of a corporation, does not make it a public corporation."

In diesem Band werden zum ersten Mal empirische Fallstudien über das Phänomen unabhängiger Behörden ("Agencies") versammelt. Die Entstehungshintergründe und Konsequenzen dieses neuen Elementes der Regierungsorganisation werden für verschiedene westeuropäische Länder nachgezeichnet. Die Beiträge sind im Kontext eines Forschungsprojekts zum Wandel der Regierungsorganisation in Europa entstanden.

espite efforts in recent years to consolidate environmental programs at the federal government level, the complexity and multi-disciplinary aspects of the subject make this very difficult, if indeed, not impossible. Problems encountered in attempts to designate focal points for the environment are reflected in organizational patterns, in information services developed to support the subject area, and in publications resulting from the various programs and information services. Programs related to the environment cut across a number of lines in varying degrees. Aspects of the problem can be defined as: scientific, technical, legal, social, economic, managerial, health, cultural, administrative, and many others. Nearly all scientific disciplines as well as those of the social sciences are involved. Since the environment touches every aspect of the world and human existence and since the federal government is responsible for the well-being of its citizens and the nation, it is understandable that at this time the United States Government Organization Manual 1972/73 lists approximately eighty departments, agencies and offices which have responsibilities in the ecology or conservation and environmental programs of the federal government. These responsibilities may be policy-making, regulatory, research or administrative; they may be related to specific areas such as urban and rural life, population, education, energy resources, land use, or areas such as air, water, noise and solid waste. They may involve what appear to be conflicting responsibilities such as in the case of pesticides and radiation. ; published or submitted for publication