Suchergebnisse

This paper tries to explain the ACFTA from the perspective of the network society. This paper argues, the establishment of ACFTA is an effort to expand capital in Cina-ASEAN region which is supported by both MNC and a network of political-economic elites who embrace neo-classical paradigm, especially export-oriented industrialization strategy. The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled the implementation of the MNCs global production using global commodity chain. At the same time, political elites need the flow of capital to boost exports and spur economic growth. They believe that everything that can attract foreign investment needs to be done. One of them is to eliminate trade barriers and create stability in the region to ensure smooth production of foreign investors. Cooperation between the MNC with the political economic elites in both regions finally managed to encourage the formation of ACFTA. Under such a condition, inequality between economic and political elites on one hand, and the masses, on the other in the two regions widened. Political economic elites in both regions are embodied in the dominant network to enjoy more fruits of growth, while the mass largely enjoy just the remainder of the development cake. Today, the gap is not only evident between countries, but also between networks of people. Only by establishing and strengthening alternative networks, can the exploitative effects of dominant networks be minimized.Keywords: ACFTA, network society, export-oriented industrialization, inequality, alternative network

This article discusses the implementation of Asean-China Fre Trade Area (ACFTA) and its consequences for the Indonesia economy. This article argues that its approval a decade ago, the Indonesian government showed sign of being unprepared to implement ACFTA. Data used in this article show that with the coming into force of ACFTA early 2011, a number of economic sectors have experienced negative growth, leading to the lay off of many workers in many sectors of the economy. To deal with this problem, the authors argue that local government and others stakeholders should be involve in effort to support Small-Scale and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) in strengthening their competitiveness. Doing so, requires local government to rescind various policies on SMEs considered inimical to their operation and adopt more business friendly e policies to support them.

This study aimed to analyze the response of Indonesia concerning the implementation of the ACFTA to be addressed differently. This response refers to the ACFTA agreement renegotiation discourse which then led to a debate among actors from government, industry associations representative body of the people and environment of researchers both for and were refused. The main question of this study is to determine aspects of the contentious arguments of the actors are pros and cons discourse ACFTA renegotiation. By knowing the contentious aspects of the follow-up question arises which will lead to the background of the debate the pros and cons of discourse in Indonesia ACFTA renegotiation between the actors concerned.The principles of neoliberalism and Keynesianism approach will be used as a tool to analyze the debate discourse renegotiation Asean China Free Trade Agreement within the domestic sphere. This study uses a qualitative method using data obtained from textbooks, journals, newspaper articles and online. Secondary data from interviews of relevant actors processed from articles in the media.The research findings indicate that the differences in the arguments of each group of actors that are grouped into three aspects: economic, political and social fields. Actor pro renegotiation based on principles of Keynesianism which assumes that under conditions likely to lose money, the state must do more to protect the domestic industry was the actor who cons ACFTA renegotiation argue in an effort to accelerate economic growth and strengthening of the ASEAN region. Differences of opinion in view of ACFTA is located on the state's role in addressing the ACFTA, differences in economic interests and differences in the political orientation of the actors involved in the ACFTA agreement. Keywords: Asean China Free Trade Agreement, Discourse Renegotiation, Neoliberalism, Keynesianism

This paper specifically examines the Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import-export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are: 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties. ; peer-reviewed

There are claims that China's influence on ASEAN is direct in that she has encouraged more exports to flow into her huge markets and changed trade flows amongst member countries. Demand and supply are deemed to have therefore become more China-centred. This paper looks at the plausibility of China as a 'factor' that influences bilateral intra-ASEAN trade flows through demand (exporting country) and supply (partner country). The key finding of the study is that China's trade association with the region increases intra-ASEAN exports. China is therefore the most practical choice for the ASEAN+1 FTA to initiate deeper trade integration within the region. China, as the 'core' country of the ACFTA can provide complementarities in the export performance of ASEAN. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

Most of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) worried after government implementing the Asia China Free Trade Area (ACFTA). This agreement pushed down the import tariff from five percent to zero percent. China's products and local product compete in market without government protection. China's products will dominate market share due to the lowness of local products competitiveness. In several years, deindustrialization potentially happens in Indonesia. Government should reorient the SMEs development policy to minimize negative impact of ACFTA. It can be done by supporting local potential commodities, revitalizing capital loan policy, and synergy between government and others stakeholders to develop SMEs.

Indonesia is one of the central of oranges in the world. In 2010 the government issued the reduction in import tariffs on oranges fruits in Indonesia. This reduction will affect the sales of the local oranges fruit Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the import, productivity, consumtion, area and the price of orange in Indonesia, and to analyze the impact of ACFTA on oranges fruit sales in Indonesia. This study employs an econometric model consisting of 5 structural equations and 2 identity equations. This study uses secondary data is structured as time series data, starting 1986 until 2010. The result of this study shows the reduction of import tarrif will increase import oranges in Indonesia, and the consumption the local oranges will be decrease.Keywords: Econometric Model, Citrus, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to examine factors affecting Indonesia's rubber export performance to Indonesia's 15 main trading partners after the implementation of ACFTA. This research employs Bergstrand Gravity Model (1985) using 105 observation for 15 countries from 2004 to 2010. Then, the gravity model is estimated by applying random effects (RE) model. The results show that, first, GDP per capita of Indonesia's main trading partners have significantly positive impact on export. Surprisingly, distance has significantly positive effect on Indonesia's rubber export. Further, Indonesia's rubber major export destinations are the member of ACFTA, i.e. China and Singapore. Last, some of the non member countries are still potential to be Indonesia's rubber market. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia should increase trading with them.

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this research is to see the effect of the ACFTA free trade policy, gross domestic product (GDP), and the real exchange rate on imports of goods from the People's Republic of China (PRC). This study uses monthly data from January 2008 to September 2019. This study uses the reference to the introduction to import duties at the Normal Track stage starting on January 1, 2010, as the effective period of the ACFTA's implementation. The analytical method used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with the Bounds Test cointegration approach. The results show that simultaneously, both in the long and short term, ACFTA, Indonesia's real GDP, and the real exchange rate affect imports of goods from PRC. Partially, in the long run, ACFTA and real GDP have a positive effect on imports of goods from PRC, while the real exchange rate does not affect imports of goods from PRC. In the short term, real GDP and the real exchange rate have a positive effect on imports of goods from PRC, while ACFTA does not affect. In addition, the results also show that the increase in imports of goods from PRC was mainly stimulated by an increase in national income (real GDP) with an elasticity of 1.90 in the short term and 1.49 in the long term. The implications of this research for the Government can be used to formulate a national strategy for the import substitution industry.Keywords: imports, free trade, ACFTA, gross domestic product, real exchange rates, ARDL Bounds Test.ABSTRAKTujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh kebijakan perdagangan bebas ACFTA, produk domestik bruto (PDB) dan kurs riil terhadap impor barang asal Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT). Penelitian ini menggunakan data bulanan dari Januari 2008 sampai September 2019 sebagai periode efektif berlakunya ACFTA. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dengan pendekatan kointegrasi Bounds Test. Secara simultan, baik pada jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek, ACFTA, PDB riil Indonesia dan kurs riil berpengaruh terhadap impor barang asal RRT. Secara parsial, dalam jangka panjang ACFTA dan PDB riil memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap impor barang asal RRT, sementara kurs riil tidak berpengaruh terhadap impor barang asal RRT. Dalam jangka pendek, PDB riil dan kurs riil berpengaruh positif terhadap impor barang asal RRT, sedangkan ACFTA tidak berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan impor barang asal RRT secara utama distimulasi oleh peningkatan pendapatan nasional (PDB riil) dengan tingkat elastisitas sebesar 1,90 pada jangka pendek dan 1,49 pada jangka panjang. Implikasi penelitian ini bagi Pemerintah dapat digunakan untuk menyusun strategi nasional industri substitusi barang impor.Kata kunci: impor, perdagangan bebas, ACFTA, produk domestik bruto, kurs riil, ARDL Bounds Test

To overcome obstacles in international trade, several countries have made bilateral and multilateral agreements that can benefit both parties, one of which is the ASEAN – China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). State foreign exchange is one source of foreign trade financing. Several factors that affect foreign exchange reserves are export and import activities, and inflation. With the ACFTA policy, it is expected to facilitate international trade activities in ASEAN-5 countries so as to increase the growth of the country's foreign exchange reserves. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of exports, imports, inflation, and ACFTA policies on ASEAN-5 foreign exchange reserves for the period 2005 – 2019. The analysis is carried out using panel data regression, using secondary data sourced from the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. The results of the analysis show that exports, imports, inflation, and ACFTA policies simultaneously have a significant effect on foreign exchange reserves of ASEAN – 5. 2005-2019. The import variable (X2) partially has a positive and significant effect on foreign exchange reserves before and after the enactment of ACFTA in ASEAN-5 for the period 2005-2019. The inflation variable (X3) partially has a significant negative effect on foreign exchange reserves before and after the enactment of ACFTA in ASEAN-5 period 2005-2019. The ACFTA policy variable (D1) partially has a significant effect on foreign exchange reserves before and after the establishment of ACFTA in ASEAN-5 for the 2005-2019 period. ; To overcome obstacles in international trade, several countries have made bilateral and multilateral agreements that can benefit both parties, one of which is the ASEAN – China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). State foreign exchange is one source of foreign trade financing. Several factors that affect foreign exchange reserves are export and import activities, and inflation. With the ACFTA policy, it is expected to facilitate international trade activities in ASEAN-5 countries ...