Suchergebnisse

Preface: A century of American international communities -- The century winds down, and communities thrive -- Cohousing comes to America -- The ecovillage revolution -- The spiritual search I : Christian and Jewish communities -- The spiritual search II : other religious communities -- Communities on purpose -- Communities in the media spotlight : crisis and controversy -- Conclusion and afterword: Into the twenty-first century -- Appendix A: A reflection on 400 years of American communes : Does communal activity come in waves? If so, when have they occurred? -- Appendix B: American intentional communities, 1900-2000.

Preface: A century of American international communities -- The century winds down, and communities thrive -- Cohousing comes to America -- The ecovillage revolution -- The spiritual search I : Christian and Jewish communities -- The spiritual search II : other religious communities -- Communities on purpose -- Communities in the media spotlight : crisis and controversy -- Conclusion and afterword: Into the twenty-first century -- Appendix A: A reflection on 400 years of American communes : Does communal activity come in waves? If so, when have they occurred? -- Appendix B: American intentional communities, 1900-2000.

Communes in America: 1975-2000 is the final volume in Miller's trilogy on the history of American intentional communities. Providing a comprehensive survey of communities during the last quarter of the twentieth century, Miller offers a detailed study of their character, scope, and evolution. Between 1975 and 2000, the American communal experience evolved dramatically in response to social and environmental challenges that confronted American society as a whole. Long-accepted social norms and institutions-family, religion, medicine, and politics-were questioned as the divorce rate increased, interest in spiritual teachings from Asia grew, and alternative medicine gained ground. Cohousing flourished as a response to an increasing sense of alienation and a need to balance community and private lives. At the same time, Americans became increasingly concerned with environmental protection and preservation of our limited resources. In the face of these social changes, communal living flourished as people sought out communities oflike-minded individuals to pursue a higher purpose.Organized topically, each chapter in the volume provides basic information about various types of communities and detailed examples of each type, from ecovillages and radical Christian communities to pagan communes and cohousing experiments. Miller also takes a step back to look at the prevalence of communal living in American life over the twentieth century. Based on exhaustive research, Miller's final volume provides an indispensable survey and guide to understanding utopianism's enduring presence in American culture

Partie 1. De la genèse de l'État malien : un long processus de sédimentation historique. - L'héritage précolonial dans la construction étatique malienne --. - La fabrique du Soudan. --. - Partie 2. Heurts et malheurs de l'institutionnalisation de l'état malien (1960-1992). - L'institutionnalisation manquée de l'État post-colonial --. - L'institution du politique et la production de l'État démocratique. --. - Partie 3. L'État malien en actes : les stratégies contrastées de son appropriation. - L'État modeste : bonne gouvernance et décentralisation --. - L'État au concret ou la construction continuée de l'institution --. - Le Mali 2012-2015 : de l'illusion à la désillusion

The article discusses the image of the German and Austro-Hungarian intervention in Ukraine in 1918 in Ukrainian memoirs. While these works generally describe the policies of the Central Powers toward Ukraine as imperialist and dictated by the military and economic interests of the two states, only the most radical leftist writers fail to appreciate the role German and Austrian troops played in the removal of Bolshevik forces from Ukraine. Common and individual portraits of the military and political apparatus of the intervention forces differ depending on the political position of the writer. Those who viewed the repressive policies toward rural Ukraine from the perspective of the elites of Kiev discuss them only in abstract terms. In general, Austro-Hungary's part in the intervention is described in less favourable terms than that of Germany. ; p. 37-64 ; The article discusses the image of the German and Austro-Hungarian intervention in Ukraine in 1918 in Ukrainian memoirs. While these works generally describe the policies of the Central Powers toward Ukraine as imperialist and dictated by the military and economic interests of the two states, only the most radical leftist writers fail to appreciate the role German and Austrian troops played in the removal of Bolshevik forces from Ukraine. Common and individual portraits of the military and political apparatus of the intervention forces differ depending on the political position of the writer. Those who viewed the repressive policies toward rural Ukraine from the perspective of the elites of Kiev discuss them only in abstract terms. In general, Austro-Hungary's part in the intervention is described in less favourable terms than that of Germany. ; s. 37-64

Equity is a central principle in Irish health policy and there is increasing political interest in altering the health financing structures in order to improve equity in the system. However, investigations of equity in Irish health care financing are out-dated and there are also concerns that available analytic measures are not adequately capturing patterns of inequity that are occurring in practice. The objectives of this thesis were to update and expand on previous analysis of equity in Irish health care financing by compiling more up-to-date data, developing and using alternative analytic methods, and identifying and modelling policy options for improving equity in the system. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-257) and index. ; Introduction: the politics of policy diffusion -- Enactment as a political process -- National activity and state political agendas -- National organizations and the information generation process -- Intrastate forces and the politics of customization -- Conclusion -- Appendix. ; Mode of access: Internet.

La liberalización del transporte aéreo que se llevó a término en la Unión Europea a principios de los años noventa ha tenido efectos positivos sobre el bienestar del viajero. No obstante, existe un consenso en la literatura académica que estos efectos dependen de la existencia de una competencia efectiva en el nivel de la ruta. En este sentido, se plantea el problema que puede llegar a suponer las ventajas de escalera de las compañías dominantes en cada mercado interior. Además, se pretende capturar la diferenciación de productos como característica esencial de la industria del transporte aéreo. El análisis de estas cuestiones se realiza de la forma siguiente. En primer lugar, se hace referencia a los principales aspectos económicos que condicionan la competencia en el transporte aéreo. Y en segundo lugar, se implementa un modelo empírico basado en un sistema de tres ecuaciones, que se estima mediante la técnica de las variables instrumentales. La muestra utilizada hace referencia al año 2001 para la mayoría de las rutas del mercado interior español de vuelos regulares en dónde hay competencia. Los resultados de la estimación muestran la existencia de unas condiciones de competencia diferentes según el segmento del mercado al cual se dirigen las compañías aéreas. Efectivamente, la competencia en precios (calidad) parece ser predominante en el segmento de viajeros por motivos personales (negocios). Adicionalmente, el dominio que la compañía dominante tiene sobre la mayoría de las rutas parece descansar en las ventajas competitivas, tanto en términos de costes como en términos de demanda, que le proporciona el control de la red aeroportuaria nacional. De todo esto se puede inferir que el mantenimiento y/o aumento de los beneficios de la liberalización de los servicios de transporte aéreo exige extender la liberalización al uso del aeropuertos así como descentralizar su gestión. ; - La liberalització del transport aeri que es va dur a terme a la Unió Europea a principis dels anys noranta ha tingut efectes positius sobre el benestar del viatger. No obstant, existeix un consens en la literatura acadèmica que aquests efectes depenen de la existència d'una competència efectiva en el nivell de la ruta. En aquest sentit, es planteja el problema que pot arribar a suposar ela avantatges d'escala de les companyies dominants en cada mercat interior. A més, es pretén capturar la diferenciació de productes com a característica essencial de la indústria del transport aeri. L'anàlisi d'aquestes qüestions es realitza de la forma següent. En primer lloc, es fa referència als principals aspectes econòmics que condicionen la competència en el transport aeri. I en segon lloc, s'implementa un model empíric basat en un sistema de tres equacions, que se estima mitjançant la tècnica de les variables instrumentals. La mostra utilitzada fa referència a l'any 2001 per a la majoria de les rutes del mercat interior espanyol de vols regulars en on hi ha competència. Els resultats de la estimació mostren l'existència d'unes condicions de competència diferents segons el segment del mercat al qual s'adrecen les companyies aèries. Efectivament, la competència en preus (qualitat) sembla ser predominant en el segment de viatgers per motius personals (negocis). Addicionalment, el domini que la companyia dominant té sobre la majoria de les rutes sembla descansar en els avantatges competitius, tant en termes de costos com en termes de demanda, que li proporciona el control de la xarxa aeroportuària nacional. De tot això es pot inferir que el manteniment i/o augment dels beneficis de la liberalització dels serveis de transport aeri exigeix estendre la liberalització a l'ús del aeroports així com descentralitzar la seva gestió ; The liberalisation of air transport that took place in the European Union at the beginning of the nineties has involved positive effects on the welfare traveller. However, there is an agreement in the academic literature that such effects depend on the existence of an effective competition at the level of the route. In this way, we deal with competition concerns referred to the scale advantages of major airlines in each domestic market. In addition to this, we try to capture product differentiation as one of the essential features of the airline industry. In order to achieve these goals, we firstly analyse the main economic aspects that determine competition in the airline industry. And secondly, we implement an empirical model based on a three equations system, which is estimated through the instrumental variables technique. The sample used includes most of routes of the Spanish domestic market of regular flights where competition does exist for 2001. Our results show the existence of different competition conditions according to the market segment in which airlines address their services. Indeed, price (quality) competition seems to be dominant in the segment of leisure (business) passengers. Furthermore, we also find that the major airline¿s dominance of the market relies on the competitive advantages in terms of cost and demand that provides the control of the Spanish airport network. We conclude that the maintenance and/or increase of the air liberalisation benefits require expanding liberalisation to airports space allocation and decentralising its management

Electronic Iran introduces the concept of the Iranian Internet, a framework that captures interlinked, transnational networks of virtual and offline spaces. Taking her cues from early Internet ethnographies that stress the importance of treating the Internet as both a site and product of cultural production, accounts in media studies that highlight the continuities between old and new media, and a range of works that have made critical interventions in the field of Iranian studies, Niki Akhavan traces key developments and confronts conventional wisdom about digital media in general, and contemporary Iranian culture and politics in particular. Akhavan focuses largely on the years between 1998 and 2012 to reveal a diverse and combative virtual landscape where both geographically and ideologically dispersed individuals and groups deployed Internet technologies to variously construct, defend, and challenge narratives of Iranian national identity, society, and politics. While it tempers celebratory claims that have dominated assessments of the Iranian Internet, Electronic Iran is ultimately optimistic in its outlook. As it exposes and assesses overlooked aspects of the Iranian Internet, the book sketches a more complete map of its dynamic landscape, and suggests that the transformative powers of digital media can only be developed and understood if attention is paid to both the specificities of new technologies as well as the local and transnational contexts in which they appear. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.--Provided by publisher. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Acknowledgments -- Introduction: nascent networks -- Reembodied nationalisms -- Uncharted blogospheres -- The movable image -- Social media and the message -- Conclusion: new media futures -- Work cited -- Index. ; Electronic Iran introduces the concept of the Iranian Internet, a framework that captures interlinked, transnational networks of virtual and offline spaces. Taking her cues from early Internet ethnographies that stress the importance of treating the Internet as both a site and product of cultural production, accounts in media studies that highlight the continuities between old and new media, and a range of works that have made critical interventions in the field of Iranian studies, Niki Akhavan traces key developments and confronts conventional wisdom about digital media in general, and contemporary Iranian culture and politics in particular. Akhavan focuses largely on the years between 1998 and 2012 to reveal a diverse and combative virtual landscape where both geographically and ideologically dispersed individuals and groups deployed Internet technologies to variously construct, defend, and challenge narratives of Iranian national identity, society, and politics. While it tempers celebratory claims that have dominated assessments of the Iranian Internet, Electronic Iran is ultimately optimistic in its outlook. As it exposes and assesses overlooked aspects of the Iranian Internet, the book sketches a more complete map of its dynamic landscape, and suggests that the transformative powers of digital media can only be developed and understood if attention is paid to both the specificities of new technologies as well as the local and transnational contexts in which they appear. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.--Provided by publisher. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Description based on print version record.