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The phenomenon of state-led development has been persistent throughout modern history and remains significant today. Latecomers in the world's development, from Russia in the 19th century to contemporary China, persistently resorted to the state as a developmental instrument in economic catch-up. Why did relatively 'backward' economies tend to take the state-led approach rather than following the free market model? Why did those latecomers that used the state as the main coordinator and had the bureaucratic capacity to do so modernize faster than other 'backward' economies? Finally, do the successful state-led developers have the potentials to take the lead in world's developments? Or under what conditions could they do so? These are the questions the book intends to answer. This book looks into the state-led development in the post-war period, offering a new perspective for interpreting the choice of the state-led approach by latecomers and the consequences of such choices.

Untersucht wurden 52 niedergelassene Hamburger Ärzte für Allgemeinmedizin und Innere Medizin bezüglich Einstellungen und Erfahrungen mit Übergewichtigen. Die tonbandaufgezeigten Arzt-Interviews wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u.a. Defizite im Kenntnisstand der Ärzte hinsichtlich Genese und Therapiemöglichkeiten des Übergewichts. Von den Befragten wird Übergewicht vor allem als Risikofaktor als sehr wichtig eingeschätzt. Die berichtete Erfolgsbilanz von ärztlichen Maßnahmen fällt eher negativ aus, es werden dafür Motivationsprobleme der Patienten verantwortlich gemacht. Trotz eingestandener Ausbildungsdefizite sehen die Ärzte eine primäre Zuständigkeit für die Übergewichtsbehandlung beim Arzt, eine Einbeziehung von Psychologen und Diätberatern wird eher kritisch beurteilt.

Isaiah Berlin's humanistic liberalism is still an influential theory and an implacable antidote against extremism and fanaticism in all their guises. The author of this article notes that one of the main contributions of this theoretician born 100 years ago consists in gaining awareness that there is a multiplicity of values in plural societies which cannot be reduced to a single principle, or a universal permanent combination of values applicable to all individuals and all practical cases. However, Berlin's defence of value pluralism is in no way a gratuitous concession to relativism or scepticism. Without a doubt, there is a role reserved for reason in moral conflicts. However, "reasonable" discrimination between values is much more context-dependent, even on an individual scale, than what moral, political or religious "rationalist" conceptions assume.

This paper links different political liberal theories, considered from the perspective of their moral ontology, with federal democracies. After giving a brief description of these theories, I discuss their relationship with the theoretical and institutional models of federalism. As methodological tools, the paper introduces some Hegel's political concepts and deals with their potential application to the analysis of federalism, taken into account the case of minorities in multinational democracies. I postulate the need for a moral and institutional refinement of liberal-democratic patterns that is better able to accommodate national pluralism than has so far been achieved by traditional constitutionalism.

In this article, I firstly offer a synthesis of a brief set of analytical elements of the theory of democracy and federalism established in the recent debate which identify a number of flaws in the normative and institutional bases of plurinational democracies. It is necessary to overcome these flaws in order to achieve a true political and constitutional recognition and accommodation of the national pluralism of this kind of liberal democracies (section 1). Secondly, we will focus on the Spanish case of the "Estado de las Autonomías" taking into account the recent reform of the Catalan constitutional law (Estatut d'autonomia 2006) (section 2). A final section makes a number of concluding remarks relating the previously highlighted elements of the theory of democracy and federalism with the analysis of the Catalan case (section 3).

Este WP analiza la regulación del pluralismo religioso en las democracias liberales como uno de los aspectos mas destacados de la creciente multiculturalidad de las democracias actuales. Tras situar el liberalismo político como fenómeno surgido de las guerras de religión europeas de los siglos XVI y XVII (sección 1), se establecen ocho elementos analíticos para el estudio de los fenómenos multiculturales (sección 2) y tres modelos de "integración" política en las democracias de raíz liberal (sección 3).