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The global spread of the coronavirus pandemic has prompted inevitable comparisons with the flu pandemic of 1918-1920. However, in order for such comparisons to be fruitful, it is necessary to acknowledge the similarities between the two outbreaks and their differences. This paper compares different aspects of the "Spanish" flu and coronavirus pandemics in Ireland and the UK during the two periods. The first part of the paper provides a general overview, taking account of the nature of the two diseases and the contexts in which they occurred. The following two sections explore the extent to which both outbreaks exposed underlying social and economic inequalities and the measures taken by central and local government, as well as civil society, to combat the spread of disease. The final section examines the extent to which both pandemics highlighted existing failures and sparked demands to "build back better."

Insurance, as a source of society's aspirations, represents the association of all those who are exposed to the same danger. The coronavirus pandemic has affected various aspects of life, including the insurance industry. Life insurance is one of the types of insurance where the obligations of insurance companies to policyholders have increased during the coronavirus pandemic. The paper analyzes the normative complex of the insurance premium with the specifics and characteristics of this topic. We consider it important to comprehensively explain the premium as an essential element of the life insurance contract. The analysis includes how the coronavirus pandemic is affecting life insurance premiums. This period of change could be a turning point and lead to transformational changes in the life insurance industry. Those who are able to adapt quickly to changes in the environment, who prioritize the insurance consumer and who see this crisis as an opportunity to start from scratch and fundamentally rethink the way they do business will quickly find their place when things calm down.

The profitability of life insurance offerings is contingent on accurate projections and pricing of mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic created significant uncertainty, with dire mortality predictions from early forecasts resulting in widespread government intervention and greater individual precaution that reduced the projected death toll. We analyze how life insurance companies changed pricing and offerings in response to COVID-19 using monthly data on term life insurance policies from Compulife. We estimate event-study models that exploit well-established variation in the COVID-19 mortality rate based on age and underlying health status. Despite the increase in mortality risk and significant uncertainty, we find limited evidence that life insurance companies increased premiums or decreased policy offerings due to COVID-19.

.-Insurance Developments in the Light of the Occurrence of the COVID-19 Pandemic.-Understanding Parametric Insurance: A Potential Tool to Help Manage Pandemic -- Business Interruption Insurance and COVID-19: A Critical Analysis of the Jurisprudence and the Response of the Spanish Insurance Sector -- COVID-19 and Business Interruption Coverage in the U.S.: an Example of Judicial Regulation -- American Exceptionalism: The COVID-19 Insurance Experience -- Business as (Un-) Usual. The Evolution of German Insurance Law and Especially Insurance Supervisory Law in the Time of COVID-19 -- Impact of COVID-19 on the Latin American Insurance and Reinsurance Market -- COVID-19 Treatment Refusal: Medical Liability Insurance in Greece in light of the Oviedo Convention -- The Influence of COVID-19 on Life insurance. Polish Market Perspective -- Impact of COVID-19 on Travel and Health Insurance -- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sports Industry and Sports Insurance. Case of Novak Djokovic and Australian Open Tennis Tournament 2022 -- Directors & Officers Insurance and COVID-19: Future Exclusions with Retroactive Application.

»Die Influenza-Pandemie 1918/19 und COVID-19 in Irland und dem Vereinigten Königreich«. The global spread of the coronavirus pandemic has prompted inevitable comparisons with the flu pandemic of 1918–1920. However, in order for such comparisons to be fruitful, it is necessary to acknowledge the similarities between the two outbreaks and their differences. This paper compares different aspects of the "Spanish" flu and coronavirus pandemics in Ireland and the UK during the two periods. The first part of the paper provides a general overview, taking account of the nature of the two diseases and the contexts in which they occurred. The following two sections explore the extent to which both outbreaks exposed underlying social and economic inequalities and the measures taken by central and local government, as well as civil society, to combat the spread of disease. The final section examines the extent to which both pandemics highlighted existing failures and sparked demands to "build back better.".

The COVID-19 outbreak led to an unprecedented abrupt economic shock to many developing countries, among which was the Republic of North Macedonia. In order to reduce the impact of the disease spread, the government of North Macedonia implemented social distancing restrictions such a sclosure of schools, airports, borders, restaurants and shopping malls. In the most severe cases there were even lockdowns – the citizens of certain municipalities were prohibited from leaving theirhomes. This sub sequently led to a major economic down turn: stock market splummeted, inter- national trade slowed down, businesses went bankrupt and people were left unemployed. The resulting pandemic and the government actions taken inresponse, notably altered the social and economic activities under taken by the population (Stojkoski et al., 2020). In this paper we will try to find out impact of COVID-19 on Insurance Industry.