Suchergebnisse

Juraklausuren fallen oft schlecht aus, obwohl viele typische Fehler leicht vermeidbar wären. Die häufigsten Fehler hat der Volljurist Oliver Chama in diesem Buch gesammelt, das jeder guten Klausurvorbereitung den »letzten Schliff« geben kann. Als erfahrener Prüfer und Korrektor kennt der Autor die klassischen Stolperfallen juristischer Prüfungen. Er stellt Bewertungskriterien vor und gibt Tipps zu Aufbau und Stil juristischer Klausuren. Neben allgemeinen stilistischen Fehlern werden typische Fehler aus den Rechtsgebieten Zivilrecht, Strafrecht und Öffentliches Recht, die als unterschiedlich gravierend gekennzeichnet sind, aufgezeigt und im Anschluss erklärt. Am Ende jedes Kapitels gibt es Testfragen mit Lösungen. Wer gut vorbereitet in juristische Prüfungen gehen will, kommt an diesem Buch nicht vorbei.

p. 53-82 ; Bibliography under articles. Index ; Texts also in English. Summaries in English. ; See also "Listy do władz centralnych w Polsce 1945–1989 (przewodnik)" = Letters to the Central Authorities in Poland, 1945–1989 (Guidebook): ; https://rcin.org.pl./publication/91801 ; s. 53-82 ; Bibliografia pod artykułami. Indeks ; Teksty również w języku angielskim. Streszczenie angielskie. ; Zob. również: Listy do władz centralnych w Polsce 1945–1989 (przewodnik): ; https://rcin.org.pl./publication/91801

The article deals with the activities of the entire Jewish social welfare sector in the General Government, which was supervised by two central organisations: the American Joint Distribution Committee and the Jewish Social Self-Help Organisation (Jüdische Soziale Selbsthilfe, later renamed Jüdische Unterstützungstelle), as well as a network of local relief committees and social welfare departments in Jewish councils. First, the organisation of the Jewish social welfare system and its changes over time, both on the central and local level, have been discussed. Second, the sources from which welfare institutions derived their resources, including gifts of foreign humanitarian organisations, grants of the GG administration and local authorities, as well as internal taxes and charges levied on local communities, have been listed. The third section of the article describes the areas of welfare activities, such as distribution of food, clothing, medicines and fuel, establishment of soup kitchens (meal centres), first aid stations, hospitals, children dayrooms, orphanages etc. and special aid for the displaced. The article attempts to fill a gap in the historiography of Poland under the German occupation, as no monographs concerning the social life of the Jews prior to the Holocaust exist. ; Continues: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej ; p. 129-167 ; Artykuł stanowi zarys działalności całego sektora opieki społecznej dla Żydów w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie, która była realizowana przez dwie centralne organizacje: American Joint Distribution Committee i Żydowską Samopomoc Społeczną (później pn. Jüdische Unterstützungstelle) oraz sieć lokalnych komitetów pomocy i wydziałów opieki społecznej rad żydowskich. Omówiono system organizacyjny żydowskiej opieki społecznej i jego zmiany w czasie, zarówno na poziomie centralnym, jak lokalnym. Wymienione zostały wszystkie źródła, z których instytucje opiekuńcze czerpały środki na swoją działalność, w tym dary zagranicznych organizacji humanitarnych, dotacje rządu GG i samorządów oraz rodzaje wewnętrznych podatków i obciążeń lokalnych społeczności żydowskich. W trzeciej części opisano kierunki działań opiekuńczych, takie jak rozdawnictwo żywności, odzieży, leków, opału, tworzenie kuchni ludowych, ambulatoriów, szpitali, świetlic dla dzieci, domów sierot itd. oraz specjalną pomoc dla przesiedleńców. Artykuł jest próbą wypełnienia luki w historiografii okresu okupacji niemieckiej w Polsce, w której brakuje monograficznych rozpraw dotyczących życia społecznego Żydów przed Zagładą. ; Czasop. kontynuuje numerację wydaw. pt.: Studia z Dziejów ZSRR i Europy Środkowej ; s. 129-167

This article tests the role of traffic fines as predictors of crashes suffered by Powered-Two-Wheeler (PTW) riders in Barcelona, the city with the highest number of PTWs per inhabitant in Europe. Results show that traffic fines can work as predictors of road crashes, although not all sanctions have the same importance. Penalties associated with serious offences as running red lights or alcohol violations, are strongly correlated with the number of accidents. Thus, we argue governments are losing a valuable opportunity when using traffic fines only for punitive objectives. Traffic fines offer rich information already collected that can easily serve to identify road users at risk. This result have direct implications on the design of safety campaigns

[spa] Esta tesis presenta una propuesta pedagógica sobre cómo formar a profesionales éticos que sean capaces de promover el florecimiento y desarrollo de organizaciones empresariales responsables. Su contenido se divide en dos partes. En la primera se hace un repaso inicial a las teorías de la ética de la empresa y de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) y, a continuación, una investigación aplicada que busca dilucidar el estado actual de evolución de la RSE en las empresas en España. A partir del contraste entre ambas exploraciones, la teórica y la aplicada, se pone de relieve que existe una distancia sustancial entre aquello que propone la teoría y lo que se encuentra actualmente en la práctica. Una distancia que, en buena medida y según muestran los resultados de la investigación, es debida a la falta de capacidad de dialogar por parte de los directivos –tanto dentro de la empresa con los demás directivos, como fuera de la empresa con la sociedad. Este diagnóstico relativamente pesimista sobre el estado actual unido al deseo que esta realidad mejore y que en el futuro las empresas logren ser 'ciudadanas' en el sentido que lo propone la teoría, son una llamada a las escuelas de derecho y de negocios: si queremos que las empresas de mañana sean responsables debemos formar a los futuros directivos en aquellas habilidades y conocimientos necesarios para ello, y una de las principales habilidades es el diálogo. La segunda parte de la tesis se inicia con una fundamentación filosófica del paradigma antropológico y político del que han partido las teorías clásicas del management, de cariz abiertamente hobessiano, para luego presentar la teoría de la lucha del reconocimiento de Honneth y una propuesta de ética comunicativa inspirada en Benhabib, entre otros, que ayuden a fundamentar un modelo de gestión que justifique a nivel filosófico la necesidad y la importancia del diálogo. Después de presentar la fundamentación filosófica de una ética dialógica, la tesis se adentra a definir en qué consiste el diálogo en general, y el diálogo socrático en particular. Por último, se presentan los resultados de dos cursos ofrecidos a estudiantes de negocios y de derecho, respectivamente, para mostrar el impacto que la enseñanza del diálogo tiene en los futuros directivos y cómo esta pedagogía es, al fin, una forma formar a profesionales éticos. ; [eng] This thesis presents a pedagogical proposal on how to educate ethical professionals who are able to promote the flourishing and development of responsible business organizations. Its content is divided into two parts. The first part includes an overview of the theories of Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and then an applied research that seeks to elucidate the current state of evolution of CSR in companies in Spain. From the contrast between the theoretical exploration and the applied one, it is emphasized that there is a substantial distance between what the theory proposes and what is the current practice. According to the results of the applied research, this distance is due to the inability of managers to dialogue -both within the company with other managers and outside the company with external stakeholders. This relatively pessimistic diagnosis of the current state, coupled with the desire that this reality improves and that companies become 'citizens' -in the sense proposed by the theory- the thesis makes a call to business and law schools. If we want companies to be responsible we must train future managers on how to dialogue. The second part of the thesis begins with a philosophical approach to the anthropological and political paradigm from which the classical theories of management have departed. Based on the need to overcome that paradigm, the thesis delves into Honneth's theory of recognition and proposes a dialogical model inspired by Benhabib, among others, that justifies at a philosophical level the necessity and importance of dialogue. After presenting the philosophical foundation of a dialogical model, the thesis goes on to define what dialogue in general consists of, and what Socratic dialogue is in particular. Finally, we present the results of two courses on Socratic Dialogue offered to business and law students respectively, to show the impact that the teaching of dialogue has on future managers and how this pedagogy is, at last, a way to train ethical professionals.

Military issues were deemed vital in the European politics of the nineteenth century. The aim of this article is to trace the most important implications of the 'military bias' of state authorities in the border region between the three empires (Germany, Russia and Austria – later the Austro-Hungarian Empire) which occupied the Central and Eastern part of the continent. Military authorities sometimes exercised a particularly strong influence upon urban policy. The two major issues addressed in this article are the fortifications (their creation, strengthening, and spatial development) which influenced urban sprawl – though perhaps not so much as is maintained in the scholarly literature – and the development of railways. The directions and tracks chosen for the railways were also influenced by the military plans, which in turn often differed much from the visions of the urban officials who made up the administration of the city. ; p. 191-290 ; 23 cm ; Military issues were deemed vital in the European politics of the nineteenth century. The aim of this article is to trace the most important implications of the 'military bias' of state authorities in the border region between the three empires (Germany, Russia and Austria – later the Austro-Hungarian Empire) which occupied the Central and Eastern part of the continent. Military authorities sometimes exercised a particularly strong influence upon urban policy. The two major issues addressed in this article are the fortifications (their creation, strengthening, and spatial development) which influenced urban sprawl – though perhaps not so much as is maintained in the scholarly literature – and the development of railways. The directions and tracks chosen for the railways were also influenced by the military plans, which in turn often differed much from the visions of the urban officials who made up the administration of the city. ; s. 191-290 ; 23 cm

Interest in public accountability and government transparency is increasing worldwide. The literature on the determinants of transparency is evolving but is still in its early stages. So far, it has typically focused on national or regional governments while neglecting the local government level. This paper builds on the scarce knowledge available in order to examine the economic, social, and institutional determinants of local government transparency in Spain. We draw on a 2010 survey and the transparency indexes constructed by the NGO Transparency International (Spain) in order to move beyond the fiscal transparency addressed in previous work. In so doing, we broaden the analysis of transparency to the corporate, social, fiscal, contracting, and planning activities of governments. Our results on overall transparency indicate that large municipalities and left-wing local government leaders are associated with better transparency indexes; while the worst results are presented by provincial capitals, cities where tourist activity is particularly important and local governments that enjoy an absolute majority. The analysis of other transparency categories generally shows the consistent impact of these determinants and the need to consider a wider set of variables to capture their effect.