Suchergebnisse

In 120 Artikeln werden die theoretischen Grundlagen der Politikwissenschaft vorgestellt und erläutert. (Klaus Hohlfeld)

The development of Artificial Intelligent (AI) technology system can be a wide scope; for an instant, there are rule-based expert system, frame-based expert system, fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic algorithm, etc. The remarkable achievement applications of AI has been reported in different disciplines including field of medicals, militaries, chemistry, engineering, manufacturing, management, and others. Its' discoveries and contributions through of AI study since the early 1970s were be significant step to enhance better performance of human work activities and probably replaced by these technologies. Today, there a lot of intelligent machine is available in everywhere such as airport gate scanner, movie theater counter ticket, vending machine, ATM machine, washing machine, etc. Expert system has been used widely in many areas and industries. This paper is described the current research and development of expert system.

Das Gesellschaftsempfinden ist am Anfang unseres Jahrhunderts von der Vorstellung beherrscht, daß sich über die alte Unterscheidung von Oben und Unten die neue von Drinnen und Draußen legt. Quer durch die Schichten und Milieus zieht sich eine Spaltung zwischen denen, die von den Veränderungen der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse profitieren, und jenen, die nicht mithalten können. Die Provokation des Exklusionsbegriffs besteht darin, daß er eine Verbindung zwischen Rand und Mitte der Gesellschaft herstellt.Was man einst als Randgruppenphänomen von sich weisen konnte, hat die Mitte der Gesellschaft erreicht. Man erlebt schrittweise Degradierungen, die plötzlich eine Schwelle ins soziale Aus überschreiten. Die »Überflüssigen« haben keinen angestammten Ort, nur noch ein gemeinsames Schicksal. Heinz Bude ist Professor für Soziologie an der Universität Kassel und Mitarbeiter am Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung. Andreas Willisch ist am Thünen-Institut Bollewick tätig.

Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks on välja selgitada küpsusdiameetrid uuendusraiete teostamiseks. Selleks selgitatakse välja puistute rinnasdiameetrite keskmised väärtused erinevate boniteediklassidega puistute näitel. Võrreldakse viljakamates boniteediklassides männi-, kuuse- ja kasepuistuid. Männikutes leiti, et uueks soovitatavaks raiet lubavaks diameetriks võiks olla 24 cm 1A, 1. ja 2. boniteediklassis. Kuusikutes leiti, et uueks soovitatavaks raiet lubavaks diameetriks võiks olla 22 cm 1A ja 1. boniteediklassis ning 23 cm 2. boniteediklassis. Kaasikutes leiti, et uueks soovitatavaks raiet lubavaks diameetriks võiks olla 23 cm 1A boniteediklassis, 22 cm 1. boniteediklassides ning 21 cm 2. boniteediklassis. Selliste uute minimaalsete raiet lubavate diameetrite rakendamisel lisanduks küpset metsa 1A, 1. ja 2. boniteediklassi männikutes 12,72 milj. m3 , kuusikutes 5,55 milj. m3 kaasikutes 4,37 milj. m3 . Antud tööd on võimalik kasutada metsaseaduses ja normatiivaktides muudatuste tegemiseks, mis tooksid kaasa raieringi lühenemise ning metsa suurema tootlikkuse. ; The aim of this study is to analyze maturity diameters for regeneration cuttings. The mean diameters for different site quality classes are determined for that purpose. Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch stands on fertile soils are compared. The results of analysis show that in Scots pine stands is advised to change the minimum diameter for regeneration cuttings to 24 cm in site quality classes 1A, 1 and 2. In Norway spruce stands is advised to change the minimum diameter for regeneration cuttings to 22 cm in site quality classes 1A and 1 and to 23 cm in site quality class 2. In silver birch stands is advised to change the minimum diameter for regeneration cuttings to 23 cm in site quality class 1A, to 22 cm in site quality class 1 and to 21 cm in site quality class 2. These new minimum diameters for regeneration cuttings will add 12.72 million m3 of mature forests to Scots pine stands, 5.55 million m3 of mature forests to Norway spruce stands and 4.37 million m3 of mature forests to silver birch stands. This work could be used to make changes to the Forest Act and legislation for shortening rotations and increasing productivity of forests.

Numerous academics and marketers are sceptical about the relevance of research on country-of-origin (coo) effects. This criticism is based on a series of studies suggesting that coo-cues are of no more than marginal importance as determinants of people's attitudes towards foreign-sourced products. More specifically, this criticism is directed towards studies focussing on the relevance of a coo's more general environmental conditions (like for instance its cultural identity, political climate, geography, religion, language, national history, etc.). Additionally, the theoretical status of the coo-field as a whole has frequently been questioned for its lack of solidity and transparency. Our study intends to put this situation into its proper context. Its main objective is to contribute to a better 'understanding' of coo-effects with special attention going to the role of a coo's more general environmental conditions as determinants of attitude formation towards products made abroad. A large-scale field survey was designed, questioning a Belgian student sample about their images of Spain and Denmark's environmental conditions. Also, participants were questioned about their images of Spanish/Danish beer (hedonic product) and DVD-players (utilitarian product). Hypotheses concerning the structure of country images and their role as potential determinants of attitude formation were developed based on semiotics (and more in particular based on Discourse Theory). Data were analyzed by means of Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS 5.0). Results indicate first of all that images about Spanish/Danish country-related environmental conditions significantly contribute to the formation of attitudes towards Spanish/Danish beer and DVD-players. Secondly, these country images were found to be based on a hierarchically ordered tri-component structure. Thirdly, in line with Discourse Theory, it could be established how coo-effects are supported by composite mechanisms with country-related cognitions, feelings and conations operating simultaneously during product attitude formation. More in detail, effects generated by the country image's conative component were found to be strongest. Interestingly, country-related cognitions were more important for attitude formation towards DVD-players while country-specific feelings were more influential in case of beer. Finally, the level of cultural similarity with a product's coo did not moderate the size of coo-effects

Inhaltverzeichnis -- 1 Erfolgreich studieren — die neuen Lernchancen nutzen -- 2 Was ist Wissenschaft? — Was ist wissenschaftliches Arbeiten? -- 3 Das Lernen -- 4 Arbeiten — einzeln und in Kooperation mit anderen -- 5 Der häusliche Arbeitsplatz und die Arbeitsmittel -- 6 (Zeit-)Planung und effizientes Arbeiten -- 7 Mitarbeit in Lehrveranstaltungen -- 8 Literatur sowie Informationen suchen und finden -- 9 Das Lesen und das Arbeiten mit Texten -- 10 Das Schreiben wissenschaftlicher Texte -- 11 Die Vorbereitung und Durchführung eines größeren schriftlichen Projekts -- 12 Die mündliche Prüfung -- Datenbank-Recherche auf einer CD-ROM (Beispiel anhand der CD-ROM "CD Bildung" [DOS-Version]) -- Mormationsmittel und (Internet-)Adressen zur Pädagogik/Erziehungswissenschaft.