The progressive atmosphere surrounding Vatican II, with its emphasis on liturgical renewal and community participation, gave a boost to typological renewal in Roman Catholic church architecture. One popular new type was the so called 'house church'. Inspired by the early Christians who, to avoid prosecution, met in domestic settings, the house church paradigm became synonym with values such as simplicity, proximity, authenticity. In Belgium, the champion of this new church type was Marc Dessauvage (1931-1981). During his short career, he built a substantial body of churches and monastic buildings thanks to the active support from the Archbishopric Mechlin-Brussels and Frederic Debuyst, who extensively commented on Dessauvage's work in his widespread magazine Art d'Eglise. In retrospect, his work can be said to have made an important contribution to the renewal of church architecture, in the sense that it testifies to an active search for spiritual and social renewal in religious practice, involving clerics and laity alike. However, today, with church attendance reaching historically low figures in Belgium, many churches are becoming redundant. The question of their future use is a delicate topic that forms the subject of much debate within political, architectural and clerical circles. Whereas most historical church buildings are listed, or are at least recognized for their art historical or urban significance, this is not the case for the (non-monumental) post-war (house) churches. Despite their relatively young age, the lack of monumentality and clear sacral identity, the use of experimental (and often cheap) building materials and their often peripheral location pose a severe threat to this part of modern architectural heritage. Dessauvage's work offers a clear instance: in recent years, several of his churches have been converted, sold or clumsily restored. One church is even threatened with demolition at the moment of writing. Given the lack of preservation criteria enabling to discuss, let alone to take into account the particularities of the post-war religious patrimony, this paper proposes to develop a critical framework that goes beyond the single focus on the art/architectural historical value of church buildings. As it will be argued, the patrimonial value of the house churches of the 1960s, in particular, lies perhaps not primarily in their material qualities but in their communal and liturgical significance as spaces for spiritual and social encounter. Discussing the heritage qualities of such buildings thus necessarily raises the question of how to deal with the spatial and atmospheric qualities of their interior rather than their exterior appearance. The central question thus becomes: how can we preserve the (immaterial) ideals of hospitality and community building which constitute the innovative aspect of much post war church architecture? In line with the recent Council of the European Union's directives regarding the role of cultural heritage in creating and enhancing social capital, we therefore propose to investigate how Dessauvage's house churches can take up a broader social role that might safeguard their future.1 In doing so, we will build upon earlier research with regards to critical value assessment of 20th-century church buildings in Flanders, and archival research undertaken as part of an exhibition on Dessauvage's church buildings, currently under preparation. ; Peer Reviewed ; Award-winning
The progressive atmosphere surrounding Vatican II, with its emphasis on liturgical renewal and community participation, gave a boost to typological renewal in Roman Catholic church architecture. One popular new type was the so called 'house church'. Inspired by the early Christians who, to avoid prosecution, met in domestic settings, the house church paradigm became synonym with values such as simplicity, proximity, authenticity. In Belgium, the champion of this new church type was Marc Dessauvage (1931-1981). During his short career, he built a substantial body of churches and monastic buildings thanks to the active support from the Archbishopric Mechlin-Brussels and Frederic Debuyst, who extensively commented on Dessauvage's work in his widespread magazine Art d'Eglise. In retrospect, his work can be said to have made an important contribution to the renewal of church architecture, in the sense that it testifies to an active search for spiritual and social renewal in religious practice, involving clerics and laity alike. However, today, with church attendance reaching historically low figures in Belgium, many churches are becoming redundant. The question of their future use is a delicate topic that forms the subject of much debate within political, architectural and clerical circles. Whereas most historical church buildings are listed, or are at least recognized for their art historical or urban significance, this is not the case for the (non-monumental) post-war (house) churches. Despite their relatively young age, the lack of monumentality and clear sacral identity, the use of experimental (and often cheap) building materials and their often peripheral location pose a severe threat to this part of modern architectural heritage. Dessauvage's work offers a clear instance: in recent years, several of his churches have been converted, sold or clumsily restored. One church is even threatened with demolition at the moment of writing. Given the lack of preservation criteria enabling to discuss, let alone to take into account the particularities of the post-war religious patrimony, this paper proposes to develop a critical framework that goes beyond the single focus on the art/architectural historical value of church buildings. As it will be argued, the patrimonial value of the house churches of the 1960s, in particular, lies perhaps not primarily in their material qualities but in their communal and liturgical significance as spaces for spiritual and social encounter. Discussing the heritage qualities of such buildings thus necessarily raises the question of how to deal with the spatial and atmospheric qualities of their interior rather than their exterior appearance. The central question thus becomes: how can we preserve the (immaterial) ideals of hospitality and community building which constitute the innovative aspect of much post war church architecture? In line with the recent Council of the European Union's directives regarding the role of cultural heritage in creating and enhancing social capital, we therefore propose to investigate how Dessauvage's house churches can take up a broader social role that might safeguard their future.1 In doing so, we will build upon earlier research with regards to critical value assessment of 20th-century church buildings in Flanders, and archival research undertaken as part of an exhibition on Dessauvage's church buildings, currently under preparation. ; Peer Reviewed ; Award-winning
Unlike reinforced concrete, the history of prestressed concrete has been insufficiently studied. Little progress has been made on this matter since the first classical texts appeared in England, the U. S. and Germany soon after the Second World War and the life of Freyssinet was published after Spain returned to democracy. Some evidence of this gap is that some very well reputed textbooks on prestressed concrete, as well as recent and updated papers, still repeat those old chronologies. Although this trend occurs in some cases, some researchers have been making interesting and noteworthy advances in recent decades. Some of these advances are discussed here with new data pulled from the study of early patents on prestressed structures, and these resources are looked at from a new historical perspective: the four ages of prestressed concrete structures. Beyond application to concrete structures, this "four ages" perspective can also be useful for studying the history of prestressed structures made of other materials. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)
Unlike reinforced concrete, the history of prestressed concrete has been insufficiently studied. Little progress has been made on this matter since the first classical texts appeared in England, the U. S. and Germany soon after the Second World War and the life of Freyssinet was published after Spain returned to democracy. Some evidence of this gap is that some very well reputed textbooks on prestressed concrete, as well as recent and updated papers, still repeat those old chronologies. Although this trend occurs in some cases, some researchers have been making interesting and noteworthy advances in recent decades. Some of these advances are discussed here with new data pulled from the study of early patents on prestressed structures, and these resources are looked at from a new historical perspective: the four ages of prestressed concrete structures. Beyond application to concrete structures, this "four ages" perspective can also be useful for studying the history of prestressed structures made of other materials. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)
In the practice of restoration, knowledge on the primitive spatiality of buildings, their transformations throughout time and their materiality is crucial to responsibly approach this hard task. This is why the research project entitled "the construction of men's convent temples in the New Kingdom of Granada" contributes to the technical and construction-related knowledge concerning these types of patrimonial buildings. This contribution is made via the analysis of the contents of a large number of secondary sources, a documental and graphical analysis of primary sources from different files and a field exploration of each one of the studied buildings. The historical and geographical context is the so-called Colonial period, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when the region located on the western corner of South America (know as Colombia today) was called New Granada. This is why this period is also called the New-granadian era. Although its inception saw the same basic influences, Neogranadine architecture has its distinctive features depending on the region where it was developed. This is the main reason justifying a detailed study of its historical centers. Religious architecture expressed the maximum monumentality of these centers, where the social, political and economic aspects were merged to produce the result we have today. In addition, male religious congregations built their temples as monumentally as possible, which is why this research focuses on this type of buildings. We were able to determine that, in spite of the extensive discussion on religious buildings, there are few publications discussing the technological aspects in depth. Likewise, up to this moment, no relationships have been established which make it possible to know and understand the differences concerning the construction-related knowledge among the religious communities that built those structures. Therefore, this research was motivated by the lack of published information on architectural technology relevant for the history of architecture in Colombia and the interest in treating the subject of religious architecture using another approach. By considering, comparing and analyzing technical studies, unpublished construction logs and all temple-related data obtained from secondary sources for the purposes of this research, we were able to shed some light on the apparently contradictory or incomplete aspects presented by some authors. Likewise, we identified gaps and compiled, in one single text, all the information published to date regarding the studied buildings. Thus we obtained more comprehensive and critical information. The existing publications have never identified the building systems as precisely and comprehensively as we did in this research. This was possible because we consulted different national archives to obtain all the technical studies conducted to completely restore the buildings, the books and manuscript reports describing the interventions, the photographs taken during the restoration process and, in some cases, the reports and photographs of the temples' state of deterioration or collapse by earthquake. This information also made it possible to solve our hypotheses, raise new ones, deny claims from other authors regarding the historical, spatial and technological aspects of the studied temples. In addition, we created a comparison-based analysis process to establish, based on the aforementioned information, the institutional, regional and time-related parameters characterizing the technique used to build men's convent temples in this region of the indies. This is thus an important contribution to the body of knowledge known as "historical construction", which has never been approached for the case of religious New-granadian architecture. ; En la práctica de la restauración, es de vital importancia el conocimiento de la espacialidad primitiva de los edificios, sus transformaciones en el tiempo y su materialidad, para abordar de manera responsable esta ardua tarea. Por eso esta investigación "La Construcción de Templos Conventuales masculinos en el Nuevo Reino de Granada", aporta al conocimiento técnico-constructivo de este tipo de edificios patrimoniales, mediante el análisis de contenido de un gran número de fuentes secundarias, un análisis documental y gráfico de fuentes primarias localizadas en diferentes archivos y una exploración en campo de cada uno de los edificios estudiados. El ámbito temporal y geográfico es el periodo mal llamado Colonial, periodo en el que la región situada en la esquina occidente de Sur América fue llamada Nueva Granada, razón por la cual se le llama periodo Neogranadino, específicamente lo que hoy es Colombia, siglos XVI al XVIII. La Arquitectura Neogranadina aunque se concibe bajo unas mismas influencias básicas, presenta grandes particularidades dependiendo de la región donde se desarrolló. Fundamento básico para la justificación de estudios detallados de sus centros históricos. La arquitectura religiosa fue la expresión de máxima monumentalidad de estos centros, donde los aspectos sociales, políticos y económicos se conjugaron para dar el resultado que hoy tenemos. Adicionalmente en este periodo fueron las congregaciones religiosas masculinas quienes construyeron sus templos con la mayor monumentalidad posible, razón por la cual esta investigación se centra en este tipo de edificaciones. Se pudo determinar que a pesar de lo mucho que se ha tratado los edificios religiosos, existen pocas publicaciones que traten de manera detallada el aspecto tecnológico. Igualmente, no se han establecido hasta el momento relaciones que permitan conocer y entender las diferencias del saber constructivo entre las comunidades religiosas que las construyeron. Por tanto, las motivaciones para el desarrollo de esta investigación están fundamentadas en la falta de información publicada sobre tecnología arquitectónica, importante para la historia de la arquitectura en Colombia, y el interés de tratar el tema de la arquitectura religiosa bajo otro enfoque. Al considerar, comparar y analizar la información presentada en todas las fuentes secundarias sobre los templos utilizadas para esta investigación, y los estudios técnicos y libros de obra inéditos hasta ahora, fue posible aclarar muchos aspectos que aparecen contradictorios o incompletos en algunos autores, como también establecer vacíos y compilar en un solo texto todo lo que hasta el momento se ha publicado sobre los edificios estudiados, logrando una información crítica y más completa. Las publicaciones existentes hasta el momento nunca han hecho una identificación precisa y completa de los sistemas constructivos como se logró en esta investigación. Esto fue posible gracias a la consulta en diferentes archivos nacionales de todos los estudios técnicos realizados para la restauración integral de los edificios, los libros e informes manuscritos de obra de las intervenciones, las fotografías tomadas durante el proceso de restauración y en algunos casos informes y fotografías del estado de deterioro o colapso por sismo de los templos. Información que permitió también resolver hipótesis, plantear otras, desmentir afirmaciones de algunos autores sobre aspectos históricos, espaciales y tecnológicos de los templos estudiados. Adicionalmente mediante la creación de un procedimiento de análisis por comparación, se establece partiendo de la información anterior, los parámetros institucionales, regionales y temporales que caracterizaron la técnica constructiva de los templos conventuales de órdenes masculinas en esta región de las indias. Lo cual constituye un aporte importante al conocimiento de la "construcción histórica", nunca antes abordada para la arquitectura religiosa Neogranadina ; Postprint (published version)
In the practice of restoration, knowledge on the primitive spatiality of buildings, their transformations throughout time and their materiality is crucial to responsibly approach this hard task. This is why the research project entitled "the construction of men's convent temples in the New Kingdom of Granada" contributes to the technical and construction-related knowledge concerning these types of patrimonial buildings. This contribution is made via the analysis of the contents of a large number of secondary sources, a documental and graphical analysis of primary sources from different files and a field exploration of each one of the studied buildings. The historical and geographical context is the so-called Colonial period, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when the region located on the western corner of South America (know as Colombia today) was called New Granada. This is why this period is also called the New-granadian era. Although its inception saw the same basic influences, Neogranadine architecture has its distinctive features depending on the region where it was developed. This is the main reason justifying a detailed study of its historical centers. Religious architecture expressed the maximum monumentality of these centers, where the social, political and economic aspects were merged to produce the result we have today. In addition, male religious congregations built their temples as monumentally as possible, which is why this research focuses on this type of buildings. We were able to determine that, in spite of the extensive discussion on religious buildings, there are few publications discussing the technological aspects in depth. Likewise, up to this moment, no relationships have been established which make it possible to know and understand the differences concerning the construction-related knowledge among the religious communities that built those structures. Therefore, this research was motivated by the lack of published information on architectural technology relevant for the history of architecture in Colombia and the interest in treating the subject of religious architecture using another approach. By considering, comparing and analyzing technical studies, unpublished construction logs and all temple-related data obtained from secondary sources for the purposes of this research, we were able to shed some light on the apparently contradictory or incomplete aspects presented by some authors. Likewise, we identified gaps and compiled, in one single text, all the information published to date regarding the studied buildings. Thus we obtained more comprehensive and critical information. The existing publications have never identified the building systems as precisely and comprehensively as we did in this research. This was possible because we consulted different national archives to obtain all the technical studies conducted to completely restore the buildings, the books and manuscript reports describing the interventions, the photographs taken during the restoration process and, in some cases, the reports and photographs of the temples' state of deterioration or collapse by earthquake. This information also made it possible to solve our hypotheses, raise new ones, deny claims from other authors regarding the historical, spatial and technological aspects of the studied temples. In addition, we created a comparison-based analysis process to establish, based on the aforementioned information, the institutional, regional and time-related parameters characterizing the technique used to build men's convent temples in this region of the indies. This is thus an important contribution to the body of knowledge known as "historical construction", which has never been approached for the case of religious New-granadian architecture. ; En la práctica de la restauración, es de vital importancia el conocimiento de la espacialidad primitiva de los edificios, sus transformaciones en el tiempo y su materialidad, para abordar de manera responsable esta ardua tarea. Por eso esta investigación "La Construcción de Templos Conventuales masculinos en el Nuevo Reino de Granada", aporta al conocimiento técnico-constructivo de este tipo de edificios patrimoniales, mediante el análisis de contenido de un gran número de fuentes secundarias, un análisis documental y gráfico de fuentes primarias localizadas en diferentes archivos y una exploración en campo de cada uno de los edificios estudiados. El ámbito temporal y geográfico es el periodo mal llamado Colonial, periodo en el que la región situada en la esquina occidente de Sur América fue llamada Nueva Granada, razón por la cual se le llama periodo Neogranadino, específicamente lo que hoy es Colombia, siglos XVI al XVIII. La Arquitectura Neogranadina aunque se concibe bajo unas mismas influencias básicas, presenta grandes particularidades dependiendo de la región donde se desarrolló. Fundamento básico para la justificación de estudios detallados de sus centros históricos. La arquitectura religiosa fue la expresión de máxima monumentalidad de estos centros, donde los aspectos sociales, políticos y económicos se conjugaron para dar el resultado que hoy tenemos. Adicionalmente en este periodo fueron las congregaciones religiosas masculinas quienes construyeron sus templos con la mayor monumentalidad posible, razón por la cual esta investigación se centra en este tipo de edificaciones. Se pudo determinar que a pesar de lo mucho que se ha tratado los edificios religiosos, existen pocas publicaciones que traten de manera detallada el aspecto tecnológico. Igualmente, no se han establecido hasta el momento relaciones que permitan conocer y entender las diferencias del saber constructivo entre las comunidades religiosas que las construyeron. Por tanto, las motivaciones para el desarrollo de esta investigación están fundamentadas en la falta de información publicada sobre tecnología arquitectónica, importante para la historia de la arquitectura en Colombia, y el interés de tratar el tema de la arquitectura religiosa bajo otro enfoque. Al considerar, comparar y analizar la información presentada en todas las fuentes secundarias sobre los templos utilizadas para esta investigación, y los estudios técnicos y libros de obra inéditos hasta ahora, fue posible aclarar muchos aspectos que aparecen contradictorios o incompletos en algunos autores, como también establecer vacíos y compilar en un solo texto todo lo que hasta el momento se ha publicado sobre los edificios estudiados, logrando una información crítica y más completa. Las publicaciones existentes hasta el momento nunca han hecho una identificación precisa y completa de los sistemas constructivos como se logró en esta investigación. Esto fue posible gracias a la consulta en diferentes archivos nacionales de todos los estudios técnicos realizados para la restauración integral de los edificios, los libros e informes manuscritos de obra de las intervenciones, las fotografías tomadas durante el proceso de restauración y en algunos casos informes y fotografías del estado de deterioro o colapso por sismo de los templos. Información que permitió también resolver hipótesis, plantear otras, desmentir afirmaciones de algunos autores sobre aspectos históricos, espaciales y tecnológicos de los templos estudiados. Adicionalmente mediante la creación de un procedimiento de análisis por comparación, se establece partiendo de la información anterior, los parámetros institucionales, regionales y temporales que caracterizaron la técnica constructiva de los templos conventuales de órdenes masculinas en esta región de las indias. Lo cual constituye un aporte importante al conocimiento de la "construcción histórica", nunca antes abordada para la arquitectura religiosa Neogranadina ; Postprint (published version)
This research aims to study the behavior of wooden facades in Mediterranean climate, to check its performance and durability through two years of weathering. We performed a theoretical studyof sorne examples of traditiona l architecture in Mediterranean climate and ranking. Therefore, sorne case studies were selected to compare the use and behavior of timber claddings on facade Sant Cugat, lstanbul (Mediterranean area) and Temuco (central Chile). This part of the report reveals that in-situ timber claddings have remained without major changes over time.The major differences lie in the way of positioning the cladding and the species of wood used, which is directly related to the local availability of this item . In order to study the proposed objectives proceeded to analyze a number of constructive solutions for tim ber facades, both for new construction and rehabilitation. In such constructive solutions has been studied tire behavior, the acoustic performance, thermal behavior and the risk of condensation, applying them in a virtual building mid-rise housing.Simulation studies were performed to compare each of the constructive solutions, in relation to the requirements of current legislation,ie, Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE). Also, we proceeded to do a study on the durability of different wood siding exposed to the elements, using different species, and applying different treatments and finishes. For this purpose, test specimens were placed in the towns of Barcelona , Lleida and Sant Cugat in Spain, and Santiago and Concepción in Chile, using an analysis methodology especiallydesigned for this thesis .Bimonthly exposed photographs of the specimens were taken for two years, obtaining parametric data about the discoloration and degradation of these specim ens were taken. Research has led to many results that are collected in the conclusions; there of, future research emerge. ; La presente investigación tiene por objeto estudiar el comportamien to de las fachadas de madera en clima mediterráneo, en obra nueva y en rehabilitación, para comprobar su comportamiento y durabilidad a través de dos años de exposición a la intemperie. Se ha realizado un estudio teórico de algunos ejemplos sobre arquitectura tradicional en clima mediterráneo y su clasificación. Para ello, se seleccionaron algunos casos de estudio para comparar la utilización y comportamiento de la madera en revestimientos exteriores de fachada de madera en Sant Cugat, Estambul (zona cuenca mediterránea) y Temuco (zona central Chile). Esta parte de la investigación ha permitido constatar in-situ que los revestimientos exteriores de madera se han mantenido sin grandes variaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Las mayores diferencias radican en la forma de colocación del revestimiento exterior y la especie de madera utilizada, lo cual está directamente relacionado con la disponibilidad local de este material. A efectos de estudiar los objetivos que se proponen se procedió a analizar una serie de soluciones constructivas para fachadas de madera, tanto para obra nueva como para rehabilitación. En dichas soluciones constructivas se ha estudiado el comportamiento frente al fuego, el comportamiento acústico, el comportamiento térmico y el riesgo de condensaciones; aplicándolas en un edificio virtual de viviendas de mediana altura. Se realizaron estudios de simulación para comparar cada una de las soluciones constructivas, en relación a los requerimientos de la normativa vigente, es decir, el Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE). Así mismo, se procedió a hacer un estudio sobre la durabilidad de diversos revestimientos exteriores de madera expuestos a la intemperie, empleando distintas especies, y aplicando diferentes tratamientos y acabados. Para ello, se dispusieron unas probetas en las localidades de Barcelona, Lleida y Sant Cugat en España, y Santiago y Concepción en Chile, aplicando una metodología de análisis diseñada es pecialmente para esta tesis. Se tomaron fotografías bimestrales de las probetas expuestas durante dos años, obteniendo datos paramétricos sobre la alteración de color y la degradación de dichas probetas. La investigación ha dado lugar a diversos resultados que son recopilados en las conclusiones; de las mismas, se desprenden futuras lineas de investigación. ; Postprint (published version)
This research aims to study the behavior of wooden facades in Mediterranean climate, to check its performance and durability through two years of weathering. We performed a theoretical studyof sorne examples of traditiona l architecture in Mediterranean climate and ranking. Therefore, sorne case studies were selected to compare the use and behavior of timber claddings on facade Sant Cugat, lstanbul (Mediterranean area) and Temuco (central Chile). This part of the report reveals that in-situ timber claddings have remained without major changes over time.The major differences lie in the way of positioning the cladding and the species of wood used, which is directly related to the local availability of this item . In order to study the proposed objectives proceeded to analyze a number of constructive solutions for tim ber facades, both for new construction and rehabilitation. In such constructive solutions has been studied tire behavior, the acoustic performance, thermal behavior and the risk of condensation, applying them in a virtual building mid-rise housing.Simulation studies were performed to compare each of the constructive solutions, in relation to the requirements of current legislation,ie, Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE). Also, we proceeded to do a study on the durability of different wood siding exposed to the elements, using different species, and applying different treatments and finishes. For this purpose, test specimens were placed in the towns of Barcelona , Lleida and Sant Cugat in Spain, and Santiago and Concepción in Chile, using an analysis methodology especiallydesigned for this thesis .Bimonthly exposed photographs of the specimens were taken for two years, obtaining parametric data about the discoloration and degradation of these specim ens were taken. Research has led to many results that are collected in the conclusions; there of, future research emerge. ; La presente investigación tiene por objeto estudiar el comportamien to de las fachadas de madera en clima mediterráneo, en obra nueva y en rehabilitación, para comprobar su comportamiento y durabilidad a través de dos años de exposición a la intemperie. Se ha realizado un estudio teórico de algunos ejemplos sobre arquitectura tradicional en clima mediterráneo y su clasificación. Para ello, se seleccionaron algunos casos de estudio para comparar la utilización y comportamiento de la madera en revestimientos exteriores de fachada de madera en Sant Cugat, Estambul (zona cuenca mediterránea) y Temuco (zona central Chile). Esta parte de la investigación ha permitido constatar in-situ que los revestimientos exteriores de madera se han mantenido sin grandes variaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Las mayores diferencias radican en la forma de colocación del revestimiento exterior y la especie de madera utilizada, lo cual está directamente relacionado con la disponibilidad local de este material. A efectos de estudiar los objetivos que se proponen se procedió a analizar una serie de soluciones constructivas para fachadas de madera, tanto para obra nueva como para rehabilitación. En dichas soluciones constructivas se ha estudiado el comportamiento frente al fuego, el comportamiento acústico, el comportamiento térmico y el riesgo de condensaciones; aplicándolas en un edificio virtual de viviendas de mediana altura. Se realizaron estudios de simulación para comparar cada una de las soluciones constructivas, en relación a los requerimientos de la normativa vigente, es decir, el Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE). Así mismo, se procedió a hacer un estudio sobre la durabilidad de diversos revestimientos exteriores de madera expuestos a la intemperie, empleando distintas especies, y aplicando diferentes tratamientos y acabados. Para ello, se dispusieron unas probetas en las localidades de Barcelona, Lleida y Sant Cugat en España, y Santiago y Concepción en Chile, aplicando una metodología de análisis diseñada es pecialmente para esta tesis. Se tomaron fotografías bimestrales de las probetas expuestas durante dos años, obteniendo datos paramétricos sobre la alteración de color y la degradación de dichas probetas. La investigación ha dado lugar a diversos resultados que son recopilados en las conclusiones; de las mismas, se desprenden futuras lineas de investigación. ; Postprint (published version)
This Syllabus for "Building Diagnosis Expert" has been developed by the DIAGNOSIS Erasmus+ Project team as a key component of the scheme to support the profile and the training course for the "Building Diagnosis Expert". Project was organised in the frame of ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME -COOPERATION FOR INNOVATION AND THE EXCHANGE OF GOOD PRACTI-CES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS, number of the project 2017-1-ES01-KA203-038254. Project title: INNOVATING A CRUCIAL PROFESSION IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR DIAGNOSIS, Date of the project performance: 01. 11. 2017 –30.10. 2019. DIAGNOSIS project is promoted and supervised by ASSOCIATION REHABIMED from Barcelona, ES, and other Partners are: UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, ES, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA, IT, WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, PL, POLISH ASSOCIATION OF BUILDING MANAGERS, PL, ASSOCIATION OF BUILDING SURVEYORS AND CONSTRUCTION EXPERTS, UK and CENTOFORM, IT.Project intends to meet Europe 2020 growth strategy priorities on employment and education. The project takesinto account also the EU Roadmap Opening up Education (04/2013) enhancing education and skills development through new technologies and underlining "insufficient supply of quality digital contents across languages, subjects and needs". At EU level, DIAGNOSIS takes into account Construction 2020 Strategy for the sustainable competitiveness of the construction sector and its enterprises (2012), in particular the related Action Plan aiming at the "improvement of specialised training and making the sector moreattractive, in particular for blue-collar workers, technical colleges and universities. [.] It is necessary to better anticipate future skills and qualification needs, to attract a sufficient number of students to relevant construction professions and to create the conditions for a better working environment and career management, for a greater mobility of construction workers and for wider provision of cross-border services."Syllabus created in the project is an academic document that communicates course information and defines expectations and responsibilities. It is a guide on what will be expected of participants in the course and, at the same time, it can tell to participants nearly everything they need to know about how the course will be run and what will be expected of them. The syllabus ensures a fair and impartial understanding between the university and students such that there is minimal confusion on policies relating to the course, setting clear expectations of material to be learned and effort on student's behalf to be put into the course. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)
In the practice of restoration, knowledge on the primitive spatiality of buildings, their transformations throughout time and their materiality is crucial to responsibly approach this hard task. This is why the research project entitled "the construction of men's convent temples in the New Kingdom of Granada" contributes to the technical and construction-related knowledge concerning these types of patrimonial buildings. This contribution is made via the analysis of the contents of a large number of secondary sources, a documental and graphical analysis of primary sources from different files and a field exploration of each one of the studied buildings. The historical and geographical context is the so-called Colonial period, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, when the region located on the western corner of South America (know as Colombia today) was called New Granada. This is why this period is also called the New-granadian era. Although its inception saw the same basic influences, Neogranadine architecture has its distinctive features depending on the region where it was developed. This is the main reason justifying a detailed study of its historical centers. Religious architecture expressed the maximum monumentality of these centers, where the social, political and economic aspects were merged to produce the result we have today. In addition, male religious congregations built their temples as monumentally as possible, which is why this research focuses on this type of buildings. We were able to determine that, in spite of the extensive discussion on religious buildings, there are few publications discussing the technological aspects in depth. Likewise, up to this moment, no relationships have been established which make it possible to know and understand the differences concerning the construction-related knowledge among the religious communities that built those structures. Therefore, this research was motivated by the lack of published information on architectural technology relevant for the ...
This research aims to study the behavior of wooden facades in Mediterranean climate, to check its performance and durability through two years of weathering. We performed a theoretical studyof sorne examples of traditiona l architecture in Mediterranean climate and ranking. Therefore, sorne case studies were selected to compare the use and behavior of timber claddings on facade Sant Cugat, lstanbul (Mediterranean area) and Temuco (central Chile). This part of the report reveals that in-situ timber claddings have remained without major changes over time.The major differences lie in the way of positioning the cladding and the species of wood used, which is directly related to the local availability of this item . In order to study the proposed objectives proceeded to analyze a number of constructive solutions for tim ber facades, both for new construction and rehabilitation. In such constructive solutions has been studied tire behavior, the acoustic performance, thermal behavior and the risk of condensation, applying them in a virtual building mid-rise housing.Simulation studies were performed to compare each of the constructive solutions, in relation to the requirements of current legislation,ie, Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE). Also, we proceeded to do a study on the durability of different wood siding exposed to the elements, using different species, and applying different treatments and finishes. For this purpose, test specimens were placed in the towns of Barcelona , Lleida and Sant Cugat in Spain, and Santiago and Concepción in Chile, using an analysis methodology especiallydesigned for this thesis .Bimonthly exposed photographs of the specimens were taken for two years, obtaining parametric data about the discoloration and degradation of these specim ens were taken. Research has led to many results that are collected in the conclusions; there of, future research emerge. ; La presente investigación tiene por objeto estudiar el comportamien to de las fachadas de madera en clima mediterráneo, en obra ...
La arquitectura militar desarrollada durante el período de entreguerras, que en España tuvo su momento álgido durante la Guerra Civil y los años posteriores al conflicto, es uno de los aspectos menos estudiados y conocidos de nuestra historia reciente. El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer las construcciones defensivas todavía existentes de este período, en un área de la franja litoral de la isla de Mallorca (España), con el objetivo de poner en valor este patrimonio a partir de su catalogación, estudio de lesiones, diagnóstico, mantenimiento preventivo y, finalmente, su reconsideración como elemento cultural que puede adquirir nuevos usos. El proyecto que presentamos incluye el catálogo sistemático de 93 construcciones que se ordenan en dos grandes grupos: nidos de ametralladora y búnkeres, y torres de enfilamiento y tiro submarino naval. La mayoría de estructuras se encuentran en un relativo buen estado ya que fueron construidas de hormigón, en su mayoría, y a base de estructuras de muros masivos, pero precisan de una serie de actuaciones para permitir su acceso seguro, su interpretación dentro del contexto histórico y su reconocimiento dentro de una ruta cultural y paisajística propia. El catálogo que presentamos se considera como el documento básico e inicial de un proyecto de más largo alcance que permita establecer los criterios de intervención y seguir con los procesos habituales para la restauración y recuperación del patrimonio ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)
La arquitectura militar desarrollada durante el período de entreguerras, que en España tuvo su momento álgido durante la Guerra Civil y los años posteriores al conflicto, es uno de los aspectos menos estudiados y conocidos de nuestra historia reciente. El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer las construcciones defensivas todavía existentes de este período, en un área de la franja litoral de la isla de Mallorca (España), con el objetivo de poner en valor este patrimonio a partir de su catalogación, estudio de lesiones, diagnóstico, mantenimiento preventivo y, finalmente, su reconsideración como elemento cultural que puede adquirir nuevos usos. El proyecto que presentamos incluye el catálogo sistemático de 93 construcciones que se ordenan en dos grandes grupos: nidos de ametralladora y búnkeres, y torres de enfilamiento y tiro submarino naval. La mayoría de estructuras se encuentran en un relativo buen estado ya que fueron construidas de hormigón, en su mayoría, y a base de estructuras de muros masivos, pero precisan de una serie de actuaciones para permitir su acceso seguro, su interpretación dentro del contexto histórico y su reconocimiento dentro de una ruta cultural y paisajística propia. El catálogo que presentamos se considera como el documento básico e inicial de un proyecto de más largo alcance que permita establecer los criterios de intervención y seguir con los procesos habituales para la restauración y recuperación del patrimonio ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)
Ancient civilizations had agriculture production in their metropolis but modern urban planning separated agriculture from cities, such as Chandigarh by Le Corbusier. At present, FAO estimates that urban agriculture produces food for a quarter of world's population, reducing food transport, package and waste impact among others and improving food safety. Meanwhile, city governments and citizens are reinventing their roofs usage in order to take more advantage of them. Rooftop Greenhouses (RTGs) are an interesting option because they increase the scarce green area of the cities, create new agricultural spaces and promote food self-sufficiency in urban areas among other growing interests. RTGs are greenhouses located on the roof of the buildings that usually produce food using soil-less culture systems. These structures as well as the green façades called Vertical Farming (VF) are part of the "building-based Urban Agriculture (UA)". In this sense, this article presents the first results of the research project Fertilecity, which aims to analyze, from a technological and sustainability approach, a new agricultural production system for Mediterranean urban areas through the integration of greenhouses on the roof of buildings. This innovative system is an integrated RTG (i-RTG) that includes energy, water and CO2 flows in the metabolism of the building. Multidisciplinary experts participate in Fertilecity Project using multiple methods such as Life Cycle Assessment and the Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessment (MIVES). Their first results are: a review of the main experiences in UA; an environmental and economic life cycle analysis of implementing Rooftop Greenhouses (RTGs) in Barcelona and the construction of the ICTA Rooftop Greenhouse Lab (RTG-Lab) near Barcelona. This project aims to demonstrate the potential of i-RTGs and quantify their environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as study how they can change the image of our cities. ; Postprint (published version)
Ancient civilizations had agriculture production in their metropolis but modern urban planning separated agriculture from cities, such as Chandigarh by Le Corbusier. At present, FAO estimates that urban agriculture produces food for a quarter of world's population, reducing food transport, package and waste impact among others and improving food safety. Meanwhile, city governments and citizens are reinventing their roofs usage in order to take more advantage of them. Rooftop Greenhouses (RTGs) are an interesting option because they increase the scarce green area of the cities, create new agricultural spaces and promote food self-sufficiency in urban areas among other growing interests. RTGs are greenhouses located on the roof of the buildings that usually produce food using soil-less culture systems. These structures as well as the green façades called Vertical Farming (VF) are part of the "building-based Urban Agriculture (UA)". In this sense, this article presents the first results of the research project Fertilecity, which aims to analyze, from a technological and sustainability approach, a new agricultural production system for Mediterranean urban areas through the integration of greenhouses on the roof of buildings. This innovative system is an integrated RTG (i-RTG) that includes energy, water and CO2 flows in the metabolism of the building. Multidisciplinary experts participate in Fertilecity Project using multiple methods such as Life Cycle Assessment and the Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Assessment (MIVES). Their first results are: a review of the main experiences in UA; an environmental and economic life cycle analysis of implementing Rooftop Greenhouses (RTGs) in Barcelona and the construction of the ICTA Rooftop Greenhouse Lab (RTG-Lab) near Barcelona. This project aims to demonstrate the potential of i-RTGs and quantify their environmental, economic and social benefits, as well as study how they can change the image of our cities. ; Postprint (published version)
