Suchergebnisse

On April 2, 2015, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) rendered its first ever advisory opinion by the full Tribunal in response to a request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC), a regional fisheries organization comprised of seven West-African States. The Tribunal was asked to address four substantive questions relating to the obligations of the flag and coastal states regarding fisheries management and the ensuing responsibility of both states and competent organizations for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. In doing so, it also had occasion to clarify whether ITLOS indeed has plenary advisory jurisdiction.

Vorschläge zur regionalen Entwicklung von Fisch- und Wildfang in den SADCC-Ländern. (DÜI-Ker)

Regional integration is viewed as a veritable means of leveraging comparative advantage within a common market for the purpose of promoting trade growth and development. It is the recognition of the inevitable role of trade to stimulate rapid socio-economic cum political development that spurs countries within West African sub-region to establish the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). In the last four decades of its existence, the community has been able to achieve remarkable progress in some areas. ECOWAS has remained united, even though it has been reduced from sixteen to fifteen members with the exit of Mauritania. Nevertheless, the organization can pride itself as the largest regional grouping in Africa. It has also demonstrated a measure of effectiveness in matters of security and conflict resolution by the establishment of ECOMOG and only recently, ECOWAS leaders also called for synergized actions against Boko Haram by accepting the establishment of the Multinational Joint Task Force as well as the commitment demonstrated by Benin, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad in the fight against the terrorist group. The methodology adopted for the study is qualitative. Therefore, the main thrust of the paper is to examine such areas that are beneficial to members of the community. Of particular importance are issues of trade, technology, investment, and free flow of ideas and movement of persons within the sub-Region that permit the congruence of a large single market which make possible comparative advantage and economics of scale. ECOWAS has not really progressed beyond resolution and treaties in these areas. As a result, the community has to battle with the exiguous internal market and the fact that all the countries of the community are almost producing the same product. The community's problems are worsened by globalization which it has to contend with and giving the fact that the economies of majority of members are fragile and incapable of competing with more sophisticated products brought in by the liberalization of the market, and so the paper further to assesses the benefits accruing to these countries from trade direction, and development-based infrastructures such as energy, 29 Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs (CUJPIA) Vol. 3 No. 1, June 2015.communication, industries among others in the face of their dependent posture in the globalized world.

A survey of past and existing management measures applied to different fisheries in European Western waters is analyzed as a typology of co-management between governments and stakeholders. Faced with increasing constraints on accessing fish stocks, management measures have evolved toward fishing rights individualization, limited access and various other specific measures. Restrictions on access have changed fishermen's behaviour in several significant ways. A comparative analysis, based on qualitative data collected through interviews and focus groups, is developed for fisheries from the following European countries: France, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. Past and existing individual harvesting rights in the four countries are reviewed and compared.

Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa's Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa's economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.

The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU/UMA). Treaty establishing the Arab Maghreb Union (1989) -- The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Treaty establishing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (1993/1994); COMESA Gender Policy (2002); Annex 1: Addis Ababa Declaration on the COMESA Gender Policy -- The East African Community (EAC). East African Community Treaty (as amended) (1999/2000); The East African Gender and Community Development Framework (2006); Case law of the East African Court of Justice -- International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. Dar-es-Salaam Declaration on Peace, Security, Democracy and Development in the Great Lakes Region (2004); Pact on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region (2006/2008); Protocol for the Prevention and the Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity and all forms of Discrimination (2006/2008); Protocol on the Prevention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children (2006/2008); Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (2006/2008); Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons (2006/2008); Protocol Against the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources (2006/2008); Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance (2006/2008); The Goma Declaration on Eradicating Sexual Violence and Ending Impunity in the Great Lakes Region (2008) -- The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Treaty Establishing the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) (1983/1984); Protocol relating to the Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) (2000/2004) --

Abstract.While national identities emerged as the dominant source of territorial identification during the twentieth century, sub‐state regional identities are becoming increasingly important in some Western European regions. However, this is not a uniform development. In some regions, nearly half of respondents in Eurobarometer surveys claim a stronger attachment to the region than to the state. In others, less than 4 per cent are primarily attached to their region. This article examines the extent to which these differences are explained by the characteristics of the regions themselves. What, if anything, do regions that mobilise public identity have in common? Developing a model of regional identities, the study examines cultural, geographic, economic and political factors that vary across different regions in Western Europe. The study finds that regional identities tend to be stronger in regions where a regional language is spoken and which do not border the state capital, signalling a cultural and a centre/periphery dimension to regional identity formation. However, there is potentially a more strategic aspect to identification, as regional identities are likely to be stronger in economically developed regions and in regions with highly distinctive voting behaviour.

The fifth annual meeting of the International Commission for Northwest Adantic Fisheries was held in Ottawa, Canada from June 6 to 11, 1955 under the chairmanship of Dr. Stewart Bates (Canada). The Commission had before it research reports from Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States, and a report on German fisheries in West Greenland waters.