Suchergebnisse

Northern Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of Krasnodar University of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 123, Malbahova Street, Nalshik, 360016, Russia. Abstract: The article investigates the basic legal permissions in Russian law - legal rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. Potential of these means of legal regulation is examined as well as their common features and essential differences. Authors argue that the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation largely depends on the proper use of legal permissions. Particular attention is paid to such kind of legal mean as a legitimate interest. The article draws attention to the fact that if a legal right or freedom are such kind of permissions which are guaranteed by the law in order to sustain certain demands of subjects of law, the legitimate interest is qualitatively different mean of regulation. The authors suggest considering a legitimate interest as reflected in the objective law legal possibility of subjects of law to enjoy certain social benefits and to seek protection from the state authorities in order to meet their interests which are not contradictory to provisions of law. Qualitative difference between legitimate interest and legal right and freedom is that the legitimate interest is an opportunity, guaranteed to a lesser extent than the permitted behavior within a legal right or freedom. Legitimate interest is a mere permission, admitted by the state and to some extent supported by it. But legal right and freedom - are those means of regulation, which are directly approved and sanctioned by the state which presuppose duty of a person to a particular behavior. The author's vision of the specifity of legal enforcement of legitimate admissions is presented.

Communities around the world are faced with challenges as they seek to address inequality in spite of larger systems designed to create dependence. In response to this, local residents have begun to develop their own solutions to address the needs of their communities. Creating spaces for capacity building and empowerment engages community members as leaders to identify and address concerns as they emerge. The Hartland Partnership Center is an example of a community-university partnership designed to meet the needs of individuals and families living on the westside of Salt Lake City. The Hartland Resident Committee (HRC) was formed to lead this endeavour by identifying what the needs of community members were and developing programs within a community learning centre located in a gateway neighbourhood for new arriving populations of immigrant and refugee background. With this pilot study, we sought not only to understand why individuals became engaged in leadership, but also why HRC members remained engaged. More specifically, we wanted to identify what it was about the HRC that helped individuals feel comfortable to share their ideas for change and growth. We identified five key methods to engage the HRC members to be leaders in their community: (1) provide opportunities for leadership development; (2) create an inclusive environment; (3) identify the common goal of the group while respecting diversity; (4) care about the lives of RC members; and (5) implement the decisions of the group. The findings of this study provide additional insights into why community members become engaged in community-university partnerships and the foundation for further research on engagement of community members as leaders. Keywords: community engagement, empowerment, capacity building, resident committee, community social work

Purpose
– Data from social media (SM) has grown exponentially and created new opportunities for businesses to supplement their business intelligence (BI). However, there are many different platforms all of which are in a constant state of evolution. The purpose of this paper is to describe a generic methodology for the gathering of data from SM and transforming it into valuable BI.


Design/methodology/approach
– The approach taken is termed virtual excavation and builds on the similarities between the manipulation of technological artefacts virtual communities using various forms of SM and the excavation and analysis of physical artefacts found in archaeological settlements.


Findings
– The paper reports on a case study using this technique that looks at the Facebook fan pages of three mobile telecommunications service providers in Greece. The paper identifies many of the standard BI indicators as well as demonstrating that additional information relating to cross-page use can be collected by looking at how users manipulate artefact such as the "like" button in Facebook.


Research limitations/implications
– Although the methodology is widely applicable, the paper only reports on the analysis of one platform, Facebook, and is heavily reliant on visualization tools. Future work will examine different platforms and different tools for analysis.


Practical implications
– The paper discusses some of the ways in which this approach could be used and suggests some areas in which it might be applied.


Originality/value
– The approach of using virtual excavations to extract BI from virtual communities in online SM offers a systematic approach for dealing with a variety of information from a variety of different media that is not found in techniques based on information systems or management science.

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the antecedents and performance consequences of three types of communication technology (phone, e-mail and internet) in cross-border business-to-business relationships.


Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the proposed theoretical framework six hypotheses are advanced and tested. The authors use regression analysis on data from a survey of American exporters combined with secondary data on emerging European markets.


Findings
– This research finds that relationship-level variables are better predictors of ICT use than country-level variables, and that ICT use impacts dyadic performance. More specifically, information exchange predicted all three communication modes, while the use of warnings predicted both inter-personal communication methods. From an institutional standpoint, the authors find that bureaucratic barriers predict both phone and e-mail communication. At the firm level, it is found that firm-level technological skills are a significant predictor for the use of internet-based data exchange. The paper also finds that increased frequency of phone and e-mail communication among dyadic partners improves performance.


Research limitations/implications
– Although micro-level variables are found to be more important, country variables still bring interesting insights and should not be ignored. Also, newer technologies should be explored in future research.


Originality/value
– The authors explore antecedents of information/communication technology (ICT) use at three levels: country or macro level, dyadic (or inter-firm relationship) level, and firm capabilities (intra-firm). At the country level, the authors move beyond infrastructure to examine the impact of institutional factors, such as government red tape. At the relationship level, the authors include trust-type social norms, but extend the analysis to incorporate the use of unilateral influence attempts, such as warnings.

Very often, Participatory Budgeting (PB) is examined as a separate process from regular budget processes, being read as a sort of "sectorial policy" which provides, at the same time, dynamization of local institutions and the social fabric, but has a limited impact on the general budget process. In this respect, the experience which started in 2011 in the South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo represents a rare case. This is because since the beginning PB was set imagining that it could have a meaningful impact on the local budget of involved municipalities, and in relation to the transfer of resources granted to them by the Provincial Government. For this reason, this article examines the Participatory Budgeting process of South Kivu from the perspective of the general budgeting process. It tries to highlight a number of activities and decisions in relationship with the PB process that were able to go further than the mere promotion of more democratic decision-making and budget transparency. The PB hierarchy structure and its backup structure, as well as political commitment, contributed to facilitate the success of the process. Decentralized entities have been trained on how to associate citizens during the preparation of budget estimates and key stakeholders have been involved to facilitate the process. Revenue collections have registered improvements as well as intergovernmental transfers to be received by decentralized entities from the provincial government, while local authorities became more realistic in doing their estimates about the future revenues and expenditures. Up to now, citizens have been associated with the determination of investment priorities for the fiscal year 2012 & 2013. This has disclosed some new interesting challenges for the future improvements and scaling-up of the experiment.

Like in all other journal numbers, in this journal also there are articles strongly connected with journal topic. There are some regional problems aspects, evaluating them in organizational and governmental level. There are some articles about problems in rural areas. A. Aleksandravičius analyzes models of public electronic services organization in the rural areas; V. Atkočiūnienė describes factors determining labour places sustainable development in Lithuanian rural regions; A. Župerka, E. Župerkienė describe entrepreneurship factors in rural areas of Lithuanian cross-border regions. Some authors, how A. Kozlovskaja and T. Q. Dinh, H. Hilmarsson analyzes relevance of risk factors for Lithuanian agricultural producers and also food processing in Vietnam. For public administration people would be interesting some articles like M. Grigaliūnas article about the official values-level attitudes of EU to volunteering; V. Burkšienė, E. Račaitė article about organizational learning in ministries of Republic of Lithuania; I. Normantė article about public services liberalization. If we continue to read articles about quality of services in organizational level, we can mention V. Grublienė, E. Ambraziūnaitė, L. Venckevičė article. A. Kutkaitis, A. Petrulis evaluate leadership styles, A. Giedraitis describe management of ergonomic risk factors in organization. Transport and international trade problems are described in two articles: I. Gumenyuk, T. Kuznetsova and E. Spiriajevas. Articles for sustainable development and the better country development description are in these articles: R. Čiegis, A. Dilius, A. Mikalauskienė bei L. Šimanskienė, A. Petrulis describe aspects of sustainability; A. B. Knašas analyzes the development of scientific-technical progress in terms of published patent applications; A. Homutinin analyzes system dynamics modeling of social economic development in Latvia and M. Norkevičius describes analysis of regionalization processes in Latin America. So this journal number should be interesting for different field of scientists and business people.

With convergence-divergence as an organizing theme, this Article explores harm reduction and human rights as conceptual approaches to and discourses about unsafe abortion. The vehicle for this exploration is access to safer-use information on medication abortion, namely women's self-administration of the drug misoprostol. More specifically, this Article focuses on the Sanitary Initiative Against Unsafe Abortion ("the Uruguay Model") as an actualized model or prototype of access to information through physician-patient consultation in restrictive legal environments. On convergence, this Article seeks to test the claim that international human rights law imposes government obligations to provide, and to refrain from interfering with the communication of, information necessary to reduce the harms of unsafe abortion. Access to information is protected in international law through a constellation of human rights. These rights are articulated in broad terms, but given content and meaning through interpretation by courts, committees, Special Rapporteurs, and commissions. By reference to this jurisprudence, normative validation for harm reduction in unsafe abortion, and specifically access to safer-use information, is constructed from the human rights to life, health, and non-discrimination, among others. On divergence, this Article seeks to make explicit the different moral warrants underlying harm reduction and human rights. Human rights are set against the normative neutrality of harm reduction, which is characterized by a pragmatic approach to health outcomes. The human rights shortcomings of access to safer-use information through physician-patient consultation, the Uruguay Model, are contrasted against a model driven by a feminist ideology, namely the Safe Abortion Hotline. The limitations of the pragmatic-neutrality of harm reduction in criminal law reform are set against a human rights approach, which envisions legal reform in service of broad social change.

В данной статье на основе коммуникативно-прагматического метода исследований политического дискурса выявляются прагматические максимы в русско- и немецкоязычном текстах партийного гимна «Интернационал». Автор с точки зрения позиций эколингвистики сопоставляет русскоязычную версию текста партийного гимна «Интернационал» А.Я. Коца с немецкоязычной Э. Лукхардта и приходит к выводу о существовании значительных аксиологических инверсий при передаче семантики гимна на различные языки в разных культурах. Аксиологические инверсии вызываются в основном различиями в языковых картинах мира и прагматическими максимами. Изначальное искажение смысла и пренебрежение целевыми установками в значительной мере усиливаются за счет отрицательных лексических коннотаций и переконцептуализации. Исследование подтверждает гипотезу автора о том, что прагматические максимы в конкретных лингвокультурах реализуются по-своему и отражают разные уровни классовой борьбы в языковой картине мира и, соответственно, представляют политическую идеологию своей страны как систему концептуально оформленных взглядов и идей, выражающую интересы различных обществ, социальных классов и . The article studies pragmatic maxims in the Russian and German versions of party anthem "International". The research is based on the communicative and pragmatic ways of studying a political discourse. The author juxtaposes the Russian version by A.Y. Kotz with the German one by E. Lukhardt from the point of view of ecolinguistics, and draws the conclusion about significant axiological inversions in relaying the semantics of the anthem in different languages and in different cultures. The reasons for axiological inversions are due to the linguistic world image and pragmatic maxims. The initial change in the meaning and negligence of the main goal become even more obvious because of the negative lexical connotations and reconceptualization. The research proves the hypothesis that pragmatic maxims in certain lingucultures are realized in various ways and reflect different levels of social classes in the linguistic world-image.

INTRODUCTION: There is an unmet need regarding how anti-neoplastic treatments impact the fertility of adult brain cancer patients. For numerous reasons, the paucity of literature is 1) predominantly retrospective, 2) addresses either non-CNS cancers or sequela of childhood cancer treatment, and 3) minimally addresses newer anti-neoplastic treatments. This unmet need exists despite growth within the field of onco-fertility, sub-specialty guidelines on supportive care & survivorship, and select coverage within the Affordable Care Act. Notably, related social media forums, with little medical oversight, are growing. OBJECTIVE: Authors searched authoritative databases and resources to 1) summarize the existing English-written literature, 2) describe the current unmet needs, and 3) collate practical information immediately impacting "real-time" treatment planning and counseling. METHODS: Databases were searched for English-written publications before 6/14 regarding adults >13yo. 1st-tier search combined the key/root terms parameters: "neoplasm/cancer", "infertility/fertility", "sexual dysfunction/function/behavior", "drug therapy/antineoplastic/chemotherapeutic biologic/anti-angiogenic/immunotherapy/targeted therapy". 2nd-tier search excluded "pituitary neoplasm/cancer", "surgery/radiation" and articles of infertility caused by cancer, other cancer interventions, primary infertility causes. 3rd-tier search further refined for: "brain/CNS", "glioma/(subtypes)", and names of common anti-neoplastic agents. Exclusions included RESULTS: PubMed, Ovid (Cochrane, Medline, others), EBSCO (pharmaceutical/psychology), CINAHL, Web-of-Science, Toxline, UpToDate, sub-specialty associations, and government-sponsored/private entities. To-date, >390 citations produced 0 Meta/Systematic-Reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 Observational Trials, 18 Reviews, 200+ Cases/Other. Articles predominantly addressed systemic cancers, childhood cancer survivors, & long-term sequela. Major themes included the scope of the problem, barriers to ...

В статье рассматривается процесс изменения правового положения легальных общественных организаций дореволюционной России, основные этапы законного порядка создания общественной организации (непрофессиональной, некоммерческой), проблемы и решения, появившиеся в административной практике. Раскрываются основные этапы формирования административного порядка открытия общественной организации на Дальнем Востоке, региональные особенности реализации законоположений, регулирующих создание и деятельность обществ, а также механизм действий дальневосточного чиновничества в отношении общественной инициативы. ; The article studies the process of changing the juridical status of legal public organizations in pre-revolutionary Russia, the main stages of legal order in establishing public organizations (non-professional, non-profit), as well as problems and solutions in the scope of administrative practice. The author reveals the main stages of administrative order formation in the process of establishing a public organization in the Far East, the regional peculiarities of implementing the legal provisions which regulate the creation and activity of associations, as well as the mechanism of officials' activity in the Far East with regard to public initiatives. The author emphasizes the following problems in administrative practice: the absence of clearly defined principle of legality due to the absence of corresponding statute, the contradictory relations between government and legislative bodies, excessive strictness of the pre-revolutionary law. The author makes conclusion that the process of unions' freedom realization is characterized by non-Oriental features and represents the attempt to create a new model of relations between the state and public organizations, aimed at solving social problems by relying on the support of local population. The foundations of forming the modern state policy provide a framework of legal and state associations. The article material is of interest to those who study the history of state and law in Russia and the history of public organizations in the Far East.

Актуальность исследования латышей Башкирии обусловлена продолжающейся диаспоризацией мира, повышением роли немногочисленных этносов, необходимостью решения вопросов гармонизации межэтнических отношений, исходя из исторического опыта. Целью статьи является введение в научный оборот источников и материалов, которые вкупе характеризуют путь формирования латышской диаспоры на рубеже XIX и XX вв., консолидации с другими народами, социальных потрясений, связанных с неприятием латышами советской власти, ассимиляции в настоящее время. Комплексный подход и сравнительно-исторический анализ позволили сопоставить сведения зарубежных и отечественных авторов, опубликованных на латышском и русском языках для объективной оценки событий. Вводятся в научный оборот ранее засекреченные сведения по насильственному переселению латышей из хуторов в многоэтничные села во времена коллективизации и массовым политическим репрессиям. Впервые показана прогрессивная роль латышей в народном хозяйстве республики, а также значение народов для формирования уникальной культуры латышской диаспоры. ; The relevance of researching of Latvians of Bashkiria determined by the new creation of diasporas, the increasing role of the few ethnic groups, the need to address issues of harmonization of interethnic relations, based on the experience of public policy. The purpose of this paper is an introduction to the scientific revolution of sources and materials about Latvians Bashkiria, past the shaping of ethnic group in the XIX and XX centuries, cconsolidation with local peoples, social upheaval in the Soviet state, to assimilate now. Integrated approach and comparative historical analysis allowed to compare the information of foreign and domestic authors, published in Latvian and Russian languages. First identified materials on the formation, development and the elimination of Latvian farms in Bashkiria, forced displacement in multi-ethnic village during collectivization, mass political repression. The role of the Latvian folk revival in the economy and optimization of economic activity of the country. Traced the life of the Diaspora in the development and objectively.

Проведено исследование отдельных направлений советской государственной политики в отношении СМИ в 1960–1980 гг., в основе которой продолжали оставаться жесткое руководство и тотальный контроль, сохранялись четкие цензурные и идеологические рамки. Средства массовой информации находились в зоне идеологического влияния, являлись важным инструментом для проведения государственной политики, формирования общественного мнения. Установлено, что в ситуации, когда государство тотально подминает под себя не только экономическую и политическую сферы, но и культуру, гражданские свободы, литература, журналистика могут быть тем пространством, где возможно проявление разномыслия, реальны дискуссии и полемика. Традиционно для российских газет и журналов – проведение дискуссий вокруг литературного произведения, которые опосредованно, а иногда и явно превращались в дискуссии общественно-политические. Кроме того, в 1960–80-е гг. СМИ нередко использовались и как арена для жесточайшей критики произведений, выходящих за рамки соцреализма, и для проведения кампаний против их авторов. ; Study was carried out individual areas of the Soviet state policy towards the media in 1960–1980 years, in which basis continued to remain rigid management and total control, censorship and maintain a clear ideological frameworks. The media was in the zone of ideological influence, and was an important instrument for implementation of public policy, formation of public opinion. Found that in situations where a state under totally dominates not only economic and political sphere, but also the culture, civil liberties, literature, journalism can be the precisely the space where possible manifestation of differences of opinion, real discussion and debate. Traditionally, for Russian newspapers and magazines is holding discussions about literary works that indirectly, and sometimes explicitly, the discussion turned to the socio-political discussion. Furthermore, in 1960 -80ies, media were often used as an arena for fierce criticism works, they go beyond the social realism and for campaigning against their authors.

В данной статье на основе коммуникативно-прагматического метода исследований политического дискурса выявляются прагматические максимы в русскои немецкоязычном текстах партийного гимна «Интернационал». Автор с точки зрения позиций эколингвистики сопоставляет русскоязычную версию текста партийного гимна «Интернационал» А.Я. Коца с немецкоязычной Э. Лукхардта и приходит к выводу о существовании значительных аксиологических инверсий при передаче семантики гимна на различные языки в разных культурах. Аксиологические инверсии вызываются в основном различиями в языковых картинах мира и прагматическими максимами. Изначальное искажение смысла и пренебрежение целевыми установками в значительной мере усиливаются за счет отрицательных лексических коннотаций и переконцептуализации. Исследование подтверждает гипотезу автора о том, что прагматические максимы в конкретных лингвокультурах реализуются по-своему и отражают разные уровни классовой борьбы в языковой картине мира и, соответственно, представляют политическую идеологию своей страны как систему концептуально оформленных взглядов и идей, выражающую интересы различных обществ, социальных классов и групп. ; The article studies pragmatic maxims in the Russian and German versions of party anthem "International". The research is based on the communicative and pragmatic ways of studying a political discourse. The author juxtaposes the Russian version by A.Y. Kotz with the German one by E. Lukhardt from the point of view of ecolinguistics, and draws the conclusion about significant axiological inversions in relaying the semantics of the anthem in different languages and in different cultures. The reasons for axiological inversions are due to the linguistic world image and pragmatic maxims. The initial change in the meaning and negligence of the main goal become even more obvious because of the negative lexical connotations and reconceptualization. The research proves the hypothesis that pragmatic maxims in certain lingucultures are realized in various ways and reflect different levels of social classes in the linguistic world-image.

В статье рассматривается процесс изменения правового положения легальных общественных организаций дореволюционной России, основные этапы законного порядка создания общественной организации (непрофессиональной, некоммерческой), проблемы и решения, появившиеся в административной практике. Раскрываются основные этапы формирования административного порядка открытия общественной организации на Дальнем Востоке, региональные особенности реализации законоположений, регулирующих создание и деятельность обществ, а также механизм действий дальневосточного чиновничества в отношении общественной инициативы. ; The article studies the process of changing the juridical status of legal public organizations in pre-revolutionary Russia, the main stages of legal order in establishing public organizations (non-professional, non-profit), as well as problems and solutions in the scope of administrative practice. The author reveals the main stages of administrative order formation in the process of establishing a public organization in the Far East, the regional peculiarities of implementing the legal provisions which regulate the creation and activity of associations, as well as the mechanism of officials' activity in the Far East with regard to public initiatives. The author emphasizes the following problems in administrative practice: the absence of clearly defined principle of legality due to the absence of corresponding statute, the contradictory relations between government and legislative bodies, excessive strictness of the pre-revolutionary law. The author makes conclusion that the process of unions' freedom realization is characterized by non-Oriental features and represents the attempt to create a new model of relations between the state and public organizations, aimed at solving social problems by relying on the support of local population. The foundations of forming the modern state policy provide a framework of legal and state associations. The article material is of interest to those who study the history of state and law in Russia and the history of public organizations in the Far East.

Проведено исследование отдельных направлений советской государственной политики в отношении СМИ в 1960–1980 гг., в основе которой продолжали оставаться жесткое руководство и тотальный контроль, сохранялись четкие цензурные и идеологические рамки. Средства массовой информации находились в зоне идеологического влияния, являлись важным инструментом для проведения государственной политики, формирования общественного мнения. Установлено, что в ситуации, когда государство тотально подминает под себя не только экономическую и политическую сферы, но и культуру, гражданские свободы, литература, журналистика могут быть тем пространством, где возможно проявление разномыслия, реальны дискуссии и полемика. Традиционно для российских газет и журналов – проведение дискуссий вокруг литературного произведения, которые опосредованно, а иногда и явно превращались в дискуссии общественно-политические. Кроме того, в 1960–80-е гг. СМИ нередко использовались и как арена для жесточайшей критики произведений, выходящих за рамки соцреализма, и для проведения кампаний против их авторов. ; Study was carried out individual areas of the Soviet state policy towards the media in 1960–1980 years, in which basis continued to remain rigid management and total control, censorship and maintain a clear ideological frameworks. The media was in the zone of ideological influence, and was an important instrument for implementation of public policy, formation of public opinion. Found that in situations where a state under totally dominates not only economic and political sphere, but also the culture, civil liberties, literature, journalism can be the precisely the space where possible manifestation of differences of opinion, real discussion and debate. Traditionally, for Russian newspapers and magazines is holding discussions about literary works that indirectly, and sometimes explicitly, the discussion turned to the socio-political discussion. Furthermore, in 1960 -80ies, media were often used as an arena for fierce criticism works, they go beyond the social realism and for campaigning against their authors.