Suchergebnisse

Extrait du corpus d'Orléans, réalisé dans le cadre de l'Enquête SocioLinguistique à Orléans à la fin des années 1960. ; 01 né04 n'a jamais envisagé de partir- y a la familleT1 chef de titre dans une banque ; description du travailT3 RR placement des titres, obligations, actions le plus important ;le contact avec la clientèle lui plaît, importuner les clients lui déplaîtT4 étant jeune aurait voulu être jardinierT5 RR autant de femmes que d'hommes travaillent à la banque ;problème des enfantsT6 travaillait 35 ans dans la même banque que luiT7 RR l'une professe en Angleterre, mais voudrait être documentaliste - problèmes de discipline ; l'autre secrétaire dans administrarionT9 son travail c'est le rapport direct avec la clientèleT10 on s'intéresse un peu à tout,suivant le type de clientsT11 oui - arrive à la fin de sa carrièreT12 RR changements qu'il a vus : fusion, modernisation des méthodes, mécanisationT13 plusieurs fois : dissention créee entre les employésT15 toujours - grève assez rare dans la banque - mai 68 on a suivi le mouvement général - pas tellement justifiéQ.la grève de mai 68 ? plutôt politique que pour augmentation - la minorité agissanteT16 oui : nécessaire pour avoir les moyens de défendre certains droitsT17 C.G.T - Force OuvrièreT18 simplement syndiquéL1 a une petite maison à la campagne - jardin, pêche, voiture ; soirées télévision, enfants L4 lecture, promenade, jardinL5 ouiL6 Peugeot '403'L7 la marque - on a jamais de surprises L8 tous les jours l'hiver, autrement va au travail en bicyclette : ça maintient en forme et on va plus viteE1 on ne leur apprend pas le nécessaire : orthographe, français E2 pas d'idées là-dessusE3 mathématiques, langues, françaisE4 RR capacité, volonté, ambiance familialeE5 16 ans ; a du s'arrêter à treize ans et demie, et sent qu'il lui manque toujoursquelque choseE6 les filles ça pourrait pousser plus loin, n'ont pas besoin de travailler si viteP1 pas mal de réalisations depuis la guerreP2 maire, conseillers généraux, l'égliseP4 pas grand chose à Orléans ; plan national déclenché par les étudiants, les ouvriers en ont profité ; impression que ça été politique et poussé par les extrémistes Q.ça a laissé des traces ? participation des étudiants - manque de disciplineP12 faut un certain âge, par ex. 18 ans pour comprendre ; les étudiants demandent des réformes sans savoir ce qu'ils veulentP5 qu'il soit représentatif de la ville, défendre ses intérêtsP6 faut la majoritéP7 on vote encore la même chose - hésitants se déplacentP8 capitalisme/classe ouvrièreP9 non : Orléans bourgeois, donc la droite et les modérés remporteraient, sauf certaines communes communistesRep. P9 oui : séparation netteP10 RR à la tenue, au parler, à la conversation, façon de s'exprimer, de traiter les gensQ.quels sont les gens les plus agréables ? en principe les plus humbles ; pour la conversation, les cadres, les ingénieur, les professeurs, officiersP12 ça diminue - plus de clans comme avant ; les gens circulent beaucoup - crée une certaine ambiance Omelette (on)Questionnaire sociolinguiste ; Identifiant du témoin : UQ 417 Homme, 68 ans (né en 1911 à Orléans), chef de service dans une banque Enregistré par Catherine Sée-Gross, le 11 avril 1969, au domicile du témoin. Questionnaires enregistrés : questionnaire ouvert(questions 01 ; 04 ; T1 ; T3-T7 ; T9-T13 ; T15-T18 ; L1 ; L4-L8 ; E1-E6 ; P1-P2 ; P4-P10 ; P12 ; omelette) ; questionnaire sociolinguistique. Classe politique du témoin : Gauche Remarques sur le témoignage : intérêt linguistique : emploi très fréquemment des constructions impersonnelles - surtout avec ça ; terminologie financière. Acoustique : non renseignée ; Discourse type: dialogue

The phenomenon of peri-urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa is very worrying. Indeed, the rapid peri-urbanization of cities in this region is accompanied by excessive consumption of natural resources, including land resources. Yet, although massive, the phenomenon of peri-urbanization is very little known on the scientific level and too little taken into account by decision-makers. Thus, our research is based on a dual technical and political hypothesis, with the main objective to contributie to the improvement of knowledge on the residential peri-urbanization process underway in sub-Saharan Africa. Through the case of Kinshasa, we seek here to stimulate a better consideration of this phenomenon in urban planning processes. Methodologically, our work has been based on existing literature, on quantitative approaches based on remote sensing as well as on field investigations. The work achieved thus benefits from a combination of varied methodological approaches. The operationalization of this approach is based on an evaluation grid of urban efficiency. Our fieldworks have been devoted to the themes of ordinary housing and planned housing. By ordinary habitat, we intend a largely informal habitat where collective services are malfunctioning due to the fact that basic infrastructures are generally lacking. By contrast to ordinary housing, planned housing are developed on serviced plots, thanks to connections to the infrastructure networks. In order to study ordinary housing, we have organized household surveys in three types of location : the central area of the city, its suburbs and its peri-urban area. Our work has yielded several results that show that urban efficiency in Kinshasa is seriously affected by the combination of peri-urbanization and weak state involvement in the process of urban growth. This is justified, for example, by a lack of infrastructure and very difficult mobility conditions leading to particularly high time-budgets (for example, an average of 2h30 of daily travel for heads of households living in the peri-urban area) The literature on peri-urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa emphasizes that it generally comes as a result of residential migration of poor people. Our surveys have verified this idea. Indeed, the peri-urban area of Kinshasa is particularly disadvantaged and, compared to the central zone and to the suburbs, income levels are lower, households are larger and access to water is particularly problematic. In addition, among poor peri-urban households, we met a large number of families with a woman at their head. What we see here is a relegation process: to gain access to the opportunities offered by the city, the poorest populations have no choice but to settle in further-flung outskirts, generally in precarious conditions. In term of spatial efficiency and land use, the development of residential urbanization suffers from two major problems. The first is the waste of the land resource in peri-urban areas. The second problem is the overexploitation of this resource in both, the central zone and the suburbs, a phenomenon fueled by the division of certain parcels. Concerning the domestic space, these entities are characterized by housing standards of 6 and 11 m², which clearly corresponds to situations of overdensity. Faced with such a situation, an evolution to support is that of the construction in height, which would make it possible to lodge more inhabitants while limiting the problems of promiscuities inside the housings. In addition to the analyses on ordinary habitat, we have also studied planned habitat. In Kinshasa, planned habitats are usually developed in the form of gated communities. Our work has highlighted that the development of the Kinshasa's gated communities does not only occur through market mechanisms, but also in relation to hierarchical and cooperative mechanisms. In fact, more than financial profits, their developers are primarily motivated by the willingness to find palliatives to the inabilities of public authorities in the planning and development of basic infrastructures. Indeed, we find here developments where a preferential right is exercised. This right is applied by organizations (doctors' unions, university professors' associations, parastatals enterprise, etc.) aiming to improve the housing conditions of their target audience rather than to make a financial profit. Thanks to our analysis of the gated communities in Kinshasa, we also put forward an important phenomenon of induced urbanization. This phenomenon can be explained by the possibility for the neighbors to benefit from the infrastructures set up by the gated communities. Our work also made it possible to clarify the issue of the spatial and demographic growth of Kinshasa. For the year 2015, its population is estimated to 11.5 million inhabitants and our analysis of satellite images shows that these millions of people are concentrated in an agglomeration of 830 km², which represents a gross density of 140 inhabitants per hectare. According to the most likely scenario, we are moving towards a city populated by 21 million inhabitants by 2035, a city that could morphologically stretch over 1500 km². In addition to its demographic and spatial rise, Kinshasa is also characterized by a rise in land prices. Our analyses show that, over the period 2000-2015, the different parts of the city experienced an annual land inflation of 10 %. In 2015, land prices reached levels of 300 dollars/m² in the central area, 200 dollars/m² in the suburbs and 80 dollars/m² in the peri-urban area. Although these prices may seem high compared to the local purchasing power, they likely reflect a situation of economic growth. Through the spectrum of land prices, Kinshasa thus appears as a city where the externalities caused by the concentration of millions of people are to be associated with a development of wealth. Of course, for Kinshasians looking for a building land, such price levels can be problematic. On the other hand, with a view of effective urban planning, they are encouraging. Indeed, they represent sufficient amounts to provide funding proper servicing infrastructures. In view of this fact, it is up to the public authorities to implement the appropriate policies - in particular the key principles of the "making room" paradigm - in order to capture land values in a planning logic that will allow a decent life to the 21 million Kinshasians awaited by 2035.

Fundamentos: Los estudios publicados no son concluyentes sobre el impacto de determinadas exposiciones ocupacionales en el embarazo, evidenciando la necesidad de considerar el doble rol, profesional y familiar, de las mujeres. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la situación laboral y de la carga doméstica de trabajo en la duración de la gestación y en el desarrollo fetal. Métodos: Mediante modelos de regresión univariante y multivariante, se estudió la asociación entre partos pretérmino (PPT) (<37 semanas), recién nacidos con bajo peso a término (BPT) (<2500g) y pequeños para su edad gestacional (PEG) (

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an extremely complex, multidisciplinary and skill intensive endeavor. Government-wide M&E is even more so because it requires detailed knowledge across and within sectors, as well as of interactions among planning, budgeting, and implementation functions in the public sector. The situation is complicated even further when the machinery of government is decentralized, with powers and functions distributed across three spheres of government. This paper outlines the process of implementing a government-wide monitoring and evaluation (GWM&E) system in South Africa. The first section sketches the context that created the impetus for establishing such a system. This context is clearly shaping the evolution of the system and influencing its longer-term sustainability. The second section outlines the various stages of conceptualizing and implementing the GWM&E system, which is currently very much a 'work in progress.' The third section reviews international experiences for lessons learned, which may also be germane to the South African context, noting similarities and differences in approach. Some of the critical implementation factors relate to the role of political leadership and championing of M&E, incentives for promoting usage of M&E findings, dealing with information and data constraints, capacity building, "ownership" of the M&E system by line ministries and other agencies, and managing the challenges of change. The fourth section examines a range of challenges and difficulties encountered in South Africa. The final section reflects on lessons distilled from the South African experience to date.

The title 'House Inventory' here has no other reason than the parallelism sought to be made with textual data referring to the material culture of mesothmian, such as inventories of furniture, in succession, dots or pain. The many nuances of the word 'inventory' given by dictionaries — whether in civil, commercial, administrative or property law — all refer to an enumeration, ordered or estimated operation, of a legal and more or less mandatory nature, together with the resulting document: these are the property of individuals or of a community, sometimes with a view to succession, the annual estimate of goods, the repertoire of material, artistic or documentary wealth (etc.), grouped by category. For archaeologists, the inventory of archaeological objects recalls this list of artefacts or ecofacts to be submitted, at the end of a search assignment, to the antiques service or to the local museum, generally in a certain field. Nor is it the restrictive meaning of that mere list which is relevant here. Our approach is more summarised in this definition: "Enumeration of elements that form a coherent whole, at a given point in time". Indeed, by identifying these elements, i.e. the different categories of artefacts (or ecofacts), which make up the interior of the house, I would like to stress the coherence of this whole, which contributes to its functioning. This inventory is, of course, of interest only if it is driven by curiosity: the idea of understanding the way of life of people who lived for a certain time and then disappeared by letting, totally or partisan, or sometimes leaving them alive in their daily lives. ; International audience ; The title 'House Inventory' here has no other reason than the parallelism sought to be made with textual data referring to the material culture of mesothmian, such as inventories of furniture, in succession, dots or pain. The many nuances of the word 'inventory' given by dictionaries — whether in civil, commercial, administrative or property law — all refer to an enumeration, ...

the research partnership signed between the University of Angers and the DREAL des Pays de la Loire has made it possible to assess the impact on real estate values of the installation of tramway lines in the Mans (2007) and Angers (2011) agglomerations and a busway line in the agglomeration of Nantes (2006). It clarifies the acceptability of the introduction of the optional tax on the valuation of land or buildings (TVI) in the vicinity of public transport on its own site (TCSP) created by the Grenelle II Law. Mobility organising authorities are free to introduce it or not in order to finance new transport infrastructure. The main results of the hedonist pricing method are, first of all, a specific increase in house prices due to their proximity to the tram in the case of Angers-Avrillé and Mans. The date of occurrence of this positive effect shall be after the date of the announcement of the public utility declaration and shall be according to the city studied either before or after the new tramway line is brought into service. Conversely, the establishment of a busway line at Nantes, San Sebastien-sur-Loire and Vertou does not lead to a specific increase in the price of the real estate of these cities. Finally, the question of possible gentrification linked to the introduction of a new TCSP line could be explored in the context of the city of Mans: the creation of the tram line created a gentrification for 2010 in the very specific case of the market for houses affected by easier access to the station. On the other hand, when the impact of the tram is seen more generally via the distance at the nearest tram stop, the gentrification effect cannot be established on all the districts of the city of Mans located close to the tramway line. ; International audience ; the research partnership signed between the University of Angers and the DREAL des Pays de la Loire has made it possible to assess the impact on real estate values of the installation of tramway lines in the Mans (2007) and Angers (2011) agglomerations ...

Un tema vital para el POT de Pereira y Manizales, es el modelo de ocupación del suelo en un escenario conurbado, conforme a las dinámicas urbanas presentes en el territorio, aprovechando la relación entre movilidad y economía. Enfrentar los desafíos que la planeación y del ordenamiento del territorio a la luz de la planificación moderna, no sólo obliga a pensar en ciudades innovadoras y competitivas, sino también en un sistema integrado de transporte entre las área metropolitana impactando una población de más de un millón de habitantes, en un medio ambiente más humano, más amable y más verde

In a globalised world, firms are looking for the best place to produce goods and services. Local governments, on the other hand, are looking to attract these firms and associated jobs on their territory. This leads to the outsourcing and relocation phenomena that are the most visible aspects of globalisation. However, it would be dangerous to consider that competition amongst geographical regions is a simple struggle for a larger share of activity.Regional development depends not only on the coherence and efficiency of local relationships that may render a location more attractive than others, but also on the coherence and efficiency of the cooperative and competitive relations that take place between regions themselves. Thus, what is at stake is less the identification of local advantages than showing how and why local performance depends on both on the agglomeration of activity and globalisation of trade.Hence the goal that public authorities should pursue is less the promotion of fiscal or social advantages aimed at reducing unit costs than the fostering of efficient markets and firm cooperation. The credibility of such public intervention also depends on the size of the local region and the degree of coordination between regions. ; Dans un monde globalisé, les entreprises sont incitées à modifier la localisation de leurs activités pour tirer parti des avantages différenciés des nombreux territoires éligibles. Les collectivités publiques aux différents échelons territoriaux sont engagées, de leur côté, dans des actions susceptibles d'accroître leur attractivité. Pourtant, il serait dangereux de percevoir les territoires comme simplement concurrents entre eux pour capter des parts de marché sur le marché des localisations d'entreprises sur la base d'avantages génériques. Le développement des territoires est, certes, dépendant des avantages locaux dont bénéficient les entreprises, mais aussi de l'articulation des territoires entre eux, qui sont, certes en concurrence, mais une concurrence aux dimensions multiples qui peut être bénéfique à chacun. La question posée n'est pas tant alors celle de dénombrer les avantages de la proximité que de montrer en quoi et comment la performance des territoires dépend à la fois de l'agglomération d'activités et de la globalisation des échanges dans un contexte de restructuration permanente. L'objectif de l'action publique est moins d'agir sur des avantages directs de coûts pour les entreprises que de contribuer à un fonctionnement cohérent des marchés et au développement des coopérations entre acteurs de l'innovation dans un environnement ouvert. L'efficacité de cette action est subordonnée à la taille du périmètre géographique concerné et/ou au degré de coopération existant entre les différentes régions. L'évolution d'une politique visant au développement de technopoles vers une politique de pôle de compétitivité est significative de cette exigence.

Grenada has faced various socioeconomic challenges within the last decade, including the destruction wrought by Hurricane Ivan in 2004 and the global financial crisis. As a result, economic indicators for Grenada illustrate unfavorable. Increases in the poverty and unemployment rates, especially among the youth and young adults. This report presents an assessment of the regulatory, legislative, and institutional landscape governing workforce development (WfD) in Grenada. The results of this analysis are based on a newly designed analytical tool developed by the World Bank under the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) initiative. The aim of this initiative is to garner data so as to provide systematic documentation and assessment of the policy and institution factors that influence the performance of education and training systems of SABER-participating countries. The SABER-WfD tool encompasses initial, continuing, and targeted vocational education and training that are offered through multiple channels, and focus largely on programs at the secondary and post-secondary levels. The results of the assessment presented in this report are expected to assist in clarifying priorities. They classify the WfD system according to four stages of maturity in policy and institutional development, as follows: (1) Latent, (2) Emerging, (3) Established, and (4) Advanced.

The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal years 2017-20 (FY17–20)). The CPF aims to support the achievement of some of the government's medium-term goals in areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with the WBG's comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides the framework for engagement in several key policy areas. Following presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the new coalition government, the National Government of Consensus, has set out an ambitious vision for Sri Lanka. It focuses on supporting job creation in the private sector, advancing the country's global integration, improving governance, enhancing human development and social inclusion, and balancing development with environmental conservation. The vision has been captured in the Prime Minister's Economic Policy Statement of November 5, 2015. The new government's development agenda is well aligned with the findings of the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Sri Lanka. The SCD identified the most critical constraints and opportunities facing Sri Lanka in accelerating progress toward the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The analysis concluded that key priorities are to address the country's fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges, as well as cross-cutting governance and social, economic, and environmental sustainability challenges. The CPF is anchored in this analysis.

Ownership of development goals and priorities by local stakeholders is widely viewed as a critical factor impacting development effectiveness and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The 2008 Accra Agenda for Action identifies the concept as one of inclusive ownership, involving parliaments, local authorities and civil society organizations (CSOs), as well as governments. The importance and challenges of building such broad-based ownership across society were a key discussion topic at the Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in November 2011 at Busan. This study aims to generate deeper operational knowledge on what can be done to foster inclusive ownership; its initial findings were presented at Busan. This study involves a retrospective review of a small sample of cases. From these cases it is possible to demonstrate that inclusive ownership, when considered in terms of the operational dimensions examined in the study, can improve as a result of strategic capacity development efforts. It also shows how using an analytic lens such as the CDRF, in particular for the assessment of intermediate results of capacity development, helps to deconstruct the change process in a given case and suggest some operational lessons. Further learning is warranted on how inclusive ownership can be fostered through the design and delivery of capacity development initiatives. Collaboration among and across global communities concerned with ownership and capacity development would enable this work to draw on wider development experiences and generate deeper knowledge on how capacity development can support transformative change.

ABSTRAK IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM HOME VISIT DI PUSKESMAS MRICAN KECAMATAN MOJOROTO KOTA KEDIRI Nama : Riskha Laila Fitriana NIM : 15040674001 Program Studi : S-1 Ilmu Administrasi Negara Jurusan : Administrasi Publik Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Hukum Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Pembimbing : Indah Prabawati, S.Sos., M.Si. Dalam rangka mengurangi permasalahan kesehatan di Kota Kediri maka, pemerintah Kota Kediri membuat sebuah Program Home Visit yang diimplementasikan melalui puskesmas-puskesmas yang ada di Kota Kediri. Program Home Visit ini diatur oleh Peraturan Daerah Kota Kediri Nomor 3 Tahun 2012, selain itu program ini juga diatur oleh standar operasional prosedur (SOP). Program Home Visit, yaitu gerakan yang mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan pada masyarakat Kota Kediri, dengan mendatangi warganya yang sakit. Tujuan dari adanya Program Home Visit ini untuk membantu masyarakat miskin yang memiliki penyakit kronis dan juga memudahkan lansia dalam mengontrol kesehatanya secara mudah dan gratis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini terdiri dari ukuran dan tujuan kebijakan, sumber daya, karakteristik agen pelaksana, disposisi implementor, komunikasi antar implementor dan lingkungan social, politik, ekonomi. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis menggunakan teknis analisis data menurut Sugiyono yang terdiri dari, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Implementasi Program Home Visit di Puskesmas Mrican Kecamatan Mojoroto Kota Kediri sudah berjalan dengan baik, akan tetapi masih terdapat hambatan dalam melaksanakan Program Home Visit yaitu kurangnya kesadaran anggota keluarga untuk berkunjung ke puskesmas setelah adanya kunjungan tim dari puskesmas. Sumber daya manusia dalam melaksanakan program ini masih kurang akan tetapi kekurangan ini dapat dibantu oleh bidan desa, sedangkan untuk sumber daya financial berjalan dengan lancar, dan untuk sumber daya waktu dalam melaksanakan program ini yaitu pada pagi atau sore hari. Karakteristik para pelaksana program ini sudah cukup baik dimana para pelaksana dapat menjalankan tugas dengan baik. Disposisi implementor bahwa program ini mendapat dukungan yang baik dari pelaksana. Komunikasi dalam menjalankan program ini tidak hanya dilakukan oleh para pelaksana saja tetapi juga dengan penerima program. Lingkungan social, politik dan ekonomi dimana semua warga dan juga agen pelaksana sangat mendukung Program Home Visit, selain itu program ini juga sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat Kota Kediri karena program ini gratis. Pada pelaksanaan Program Home Visit di Puskesmas Mrican Kecamatan Mojoroto Kota Kediri peneliti memberikan saran yaitu keluarga pasien harus bisa menyempatkan waktu untuk berkunjung ke puskesmas untuk pengambilan obat, karena obat ini sangat penting sekali untuk anggota keluarga yang sedang sakit. Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Program Home Visit ABSTRACT HOME VISIT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTASI AT MRICAN PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN MOJOROTO KOTA KEDIRI Name : Riskha Laila Fitriana NIM : 15040674001 Study Program : Bachelor of State Administration Science Department : Administrasi Publik Faculties :Social Science and Law Name of Institution : Surabaya State University Advisor : Indah Prabawati, S. Sos., M.Si. In order to reduce health problems in the City of Kediri, the city of Kediri made a Home Visit Program which was implemented through health centers in the City of Kediri. The Home Visit program is governed by the Regional Regulation of the city of Kediri Number 3 of 2012, in addition to that the program is also governed by standard operating procedures (SOP). Home Visit Program, which is a movement that brings health service closer to the people of Kediri city, by visiting citizens who are sick. The purpose of this Home Visit Program is to help the poor who suffer from chronic diseases and also make it easier for the elderly to control their health easly and for free. This type research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The focus of this study consisted of the size and objective of the policy, resources, characteristics of the implementing agent, dispotition, of the implementor, communication between implementers and the social, political and economic environment. Data collection techniques , observation and documentation were analysis according to Miles and Huberman wich consisted of, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The implementation of the Home Visit Program at the Mrican Health Center in Mojoroto Subdistrict Kota Kediri has been going well, but there are still obstacles in implementing the Home Visit Program, which is the lack of awareness of family members to visit Puskesmas after a team visit from puskesmas. Humen resources in implementing this program are still lacking but these shortcomings can be assited by village midwives, while for financial resources running smoothly, and for time resources in implementing this program, namely in the morning or evening . The characteristics of the implementers of this program are quite good where the implementers can cary out theirs duties properly. The implementers dispotition that this program received good support from the implementers. Communication in carrying out this program is not only carried out by implementers but also with program recipients. The social, political and economic environment in which all citizens and executing agencies strongly support the Home Visit Program, besides this program is also very beneficial for the people of Kediri City because this program is free. At the Home Visit Program at Mrican Health Center, Mojoroto Subdistrict, Kediri City, the researchers advised that the patient's family should be able to take the time to take patients to visit health center for follow-up examinations and drug collection, given that follow-up examinations and drug collection are important for patient health care sustainability. In addition, the executor must be able to schedule meetings so that all members can attend the meeting. Keywords: Implementation, Program Home Visit

Information fields define the structural information space. The movement of information – information flow, which is a concentrated source of information and drive business communications channels. Information space in cultural conceptions of modernity doesn't remain aloof transformation of functioning of communication, thereby creating a special environment of transboundarity, interactivity and mobility, updating and implementating activities for contemporary cultural flows. Contemporary society tends to form in this area and their own resources modify (or simulate) the importance accustomed to traditional resources. Thus, the information space in this area reveals a favorable environment for the creation of competition, geopolitical relations, social transformation, the changing nature of cultural science in the environment. Accumulation of information resources contribute both to changes the areas of cultural processes and defining new priorities. Computerization and informatization change cycles in cultural areas.Modern cultural processes largely through information and communication networks are trying to flatten somehow problematic manifestations of the globalization of society. There is a struggle for national identity, meaning vital component in the formation of mentality.Russian political scientist Sergei Kurginyan clearly expresses remarks: "Democrats have led the authorities to the media, led by the creation of new cultural codes and the destruction of old". There is no doubt that journalism has become today a factor of cultural processes of state and the world, as demonstrated by the theoretical foundations of the science "journalism"."Effectiveness – a special form of performance, defined as a specific part of journalism in addressing socioeconomic, commercial, cultural, etc. set of tasks and measured steps taken by the authorities and media materials".Modern journalism leveled down sharp reaction in relation to a particular event or person. Norms of social life was the effectiveness of journalism in a passionate journalistic words, the power of publicity in civil speech and thought in movement, relaxation appealing presentation of information to an individual official. Information space service allowshumanism ideas to spread in cultural processes of modernity, which is especially valuable in times of globalization as a problem of conflict. Systemic crisis of spirituality and morality brings human values only to consumer perceptions. Ignoring scientific and cultural habits of social life, individualism enrichment and spread consumerism in all casts to life under the new law in the new world. Cultural deformation resulted in the loss of traditional values. Cultural environment relies only on the isolation of the information space, more capable of unidirectionally negate the differences between the real world and design puzzle values, which have been being created for thousands of years by our ancestors.The information environment in the field of contemporary cultural processes, which is nearly the one in the whole system of information communication, saves a factor set of traditional values, ethical moral, cultural and historical ethos. This wasn't prevented even by the processes of globalization with all following negativisms. Spiritual decay of society has led to spiritual and cultural abandoned society. Goodness, love, spirituality become commodities information product of cultural significance. Trying to keep the distinction between ethno-cultural national identity within the country programs of cultural values take priority place. This complex burden they put on their shoulders against global processes that have absorbed social institutions, ideological isolation and don't respond to the vulnerability of unprotected society on these issues. Defective non-equivalent information between central and regional mass media here has played an important role. Generally oriented human values, social orientation, distribution of samples filled with intellectual heritage just got their priorities for regional media. This will be discussed in the following articles.The initial level of perception and thinking of modern video industry is represented informational products cultural significance, especially the game. Backed up by the business and political platform technologies and engaged political elites tolerate certain information grid failure, along with representative values of the highest quality program "Culture" on Ukrainian television and radio on numerous private information channels, coverage of state and non-state value. Modern lifestyles can deprive us from becoming more common and significant impact of the Internet. Its prerogative of freedom of choice – a tempting interpersonal communication – the fastest time to overcome, transparent rid helpful information manipulation by man. And along with the promotion of "everyday life" in art and culture, the respondent is wise to not be "all", and select high-end product and ask fullness. Finally, there is a viewer, which turns (or switches) channel, and the one who is looking for a program with the individual requirements of your consumer existence. Not "goldfish on a plate" and search options "growing goldfish. "Foolish cultural expansion has demoralizing effect on public opinion characteristic of the society with the right choice, actually for the society which is called democratic. Sidedness in these areas threatens with the appearance on the map of the world totalitarian society.Uncritical perception of information product in cultural heritage contributes to aggression, underdevelopment of emotional areas, the desire to be like everyone else, cause aggressive behavior and primitive systems of life. ; Информационные поля определяют структурность информационного пространства. Движение информации – информационный поток – является концентрированным накопителем информации и источником деятельности каналов коммуникации. Информационное пространство в культурологических концепциях современности е остается в стороне трансформации коммуникативной функциональности, создавая тем самым особую среду трансграничности, интерактивности и мобильности, актуализации и деятельности по реализации современных культурологических потоков. Накопление объема информационного ресурса способствует изменениям как самих направлений культурологических процессов, так и определению новых приоритетов. ; Інформаційні поля визначають структурність інформаційного простору. Рух інформації – інформаційний потік – є концентрованим накопичувачем інформації і джерелом діяльності каналів комунікації. Інформаційний простір у культурологічних концепціях сучасності не залишається осторонь трансформації комунікативної функційності, створюючи тим самим особливе середовище транскордоння, інтерактивності і мобільності, актуалізації і діяльності щодо реалізації сучасних культурологічних потоків. Накопичення обсягу інформаційного ресурсу сприяють змінам як самих напрямків культурологічних процесів, так і визначенню нових пріоритетів.

A central challenge for effective watershed management is improving the welfare of residents who live in upper catchments while providing adequate environmental goods and services to people and areas downstream. A CPWF project, Sustaining Collective Action Linking Economic and Ecological Scales in Upper Watersheds (SCALES), addressed this challenge in three sites.1 This document is an evaluation of a project activity that intended to enhance collective action in one site: the Coello watershed of Colombia. Collective action can influence how people use and manage natural resources. It is a process by which voluntary institutions (e.g., rules and regulations) are created and maintained, often with the aim of improving human and environmental welfare and, especially for water resources, it typically involves a broad range of stakeholders who control, use and benefit from water. Examples of stakeholders include government, private businesses, landowners, farmers, and city dwellers. The SCALES project researched and fostered collective action. The Conversatorio of Acción Ciudadana (CAC) served as the collective action mechanism to promote civil society participation in public policy decisions. Supported by the Colombian constitution, the legal power of CACs enable communities to discuss policies and reach agreements with government authorities. People in the Coello watershed confront water problems that affect their livelihoods. Contamination and deforestation are two major causes of water resource degradation, in terms of both water quality and flow regulation. Specifically, fertilizer contamination of water supplies and sedimentation of waterways negatively affect downstream communities. The watershed also faces competition for water supplies. Water is extracted from natural waterways for both rural irrigation and urban household consumption. A CAC is more than a large meeting to talk and make decisions. The CAC is a four-phase process that enhances the effectiveness of local participation: (1) awareness-raising, (2) capacity-building and preparation (3) CAC implementation, and (4) review and planning. The CAC mechanism has brought together diverse actors and fostered collective action across spatial and social scales. Many types of actors have participated, including local NGOs, upstream and downstream community representatives, politically important actors (at municipal, provincial and national levels) and scientific experts in research and development (R&D). The objective of this review is to evaluate the impact of the CAC process. Evaluation methods included analysis of SCALES project reports and documentation on impact pathways, interviews and social networks. The intended project outcomes, as identified by the project implementers themselves, served as the starting point for the analysis. These expectations were contrasted with identifiable project outcomes. A social network analysis reviewed contextual conditions, mechanisms of intervention, and processes that led to the project outcomes. The evaluation also analyzed interviews with project participants. Some interviews employed techniques of video data collection, where project participants 2011.04.22.CPWF WP-IAS-08.draftv3 CPWF Working Paper - Impact Assessment Series No. 06 vii interviewed key actors regarding their perceptions and opinions of project outcomes and likely impacts. Results of the project evaluation reveal that the CAC process effectively fosters collective action in watersheds communities. Capacity-building activities of the project contributed to communities participating in meetings with multiple organizations and making collective decisions. In addition, dialogue and networking activities increased organizational and political support for communities and local NGOs. This is an example of higher-level organizations (i.e., subnational, national and international) working with lower-level organizations and communities; in other words, cross-scale collaboration. Key outputs of the CAC process included 27 agreements with government authorities with financial commitments of over US$2 million. These agreements included projects for conservation, resource management, agricultural production systems and potable water systems. The project produced four outcomes: 1. Increased awareness of water issues amongst people in the watershed. Distinct problems and experiences from the upper, middle and lower areas of the watershed were shared. Better understanding of others' perspectives provided incentives for communities to jointly resolve problems and establish agreements. 2. Strengthened links amongst community and environmental organizations. The CAC provided a forum for community-based organizations (CBOs) and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to communicate and build support for their agendas with both communities and government agencies. Such interactions enabled organizations to establish partnerships and obtain additional public-sector funds. 3. Enhanced local capacities and relationships with authorities. New knowledge helped clarify citizen rights, along with roles and responsibilities of organizations. The CAC generated dialogue and, in turn, commitments of government organizations to work on issues raised by communities. 4. New priorities and commitments for environmentfriendly land uses. The agenda of the CBOs, NGOs and public-sector agencies broadened beyond water to include land uses such as agriculture, power generation and forests. Specific development and conservation practices included organic farming, waste management, forest management and reforestation. Evaluation results show that the CAC process has the potential to become an international public good/method that can (a) facilitate community access to knowledge, technology and skills, and (b) enable them to participate in decision-making processes in managing water and other natural resources. Given the relatively short time frame between project and evaluation, impacts cannot be realistically assessed. Social change processes and associated impact require years to evolve and grow. Nevertheless, the project activities and outputs have laid important groundwork for longer-term economic, social and environmental impacts. Although the CAC process benefits from the support of Colombian constitution, similar effective collective action projects could be achieved in other locations despite not receiving such support. Civic organizations (CBOs or NGOs) can influence government decisions. As lobbying pressures and accountability for actions increase, government agencies themselves will have greater incentive to perform. The CAC process connects the people with authorities, thereby improving decisions and actions.

Vietnam's ethnic minorities, who tend to live mostly in remote rural areas, typically have lower living standards than the ethnic majority. How much is this because of differences in economic characteristics (such as education levels and land) rather than low returns to characteristics? Is there a self-reinforcing culture of poverty in the minority groups, reflecting patterns of past discrimination? The authors find that differences in levels of living are due in part to the fact that the minorities live in less productive areas characterized by difficult terrain, poor infrastructure, less access to off-farm work and the market economy, and inferior access to education. Geographic disparities tend to persist because of immobility and regional differences in living standards. But the authors also find large differences within geographical areas even after controlling for household characteristics. They find differences in returns to productive characteristics to be the most important explanation for ethnic inequality. But the minorities do not obtain lower returns to all characteristics. There is evidence of compensating behavior. For example, pure returns to location--even in remote, inhospitable areas--tend to be higher for minorities, though not high enough to overcome the large consumption difference with the majority. The majority ethnic groups' model of income generation is a poor guide on how to fight poverty among ethnic minority groups. Nor is it enough to target poor areas to redress ethnic inequality. Policies must be designed to reach minority households in poor areas and to explicitly recognize behavior patterns (including compensating behavior) that have served the minorities well in the short term but intensify ethnic inequalities in the longer term. It will be important to open up options for minority groups both by ensuring that they are not disadvantaged (in labor markets, for example), and by changing the conditions that have caused their isolation and social exclusion.