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Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84–88) presented a critique of our recently published paper in Cell Reports entitled 'Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets' (Lam et al., Cell Reports, Vol. 21, 2017, 2597–2613). Specifically, Hill offered several interrelated comments suggesting potential problems with our use of a new analytic method called Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS (MTAG) (Turley et al., Nature Genetics, Vol. 50, 2018, 229–237). In this brief article, we respond to each of these concerns. Using empirical data, we conclude that our MTAG results do not suffer from 'inflation in the FDR [false discovery rate]', as suggested by Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84–88), and are not 'more relevant to the genetic contributions to education than they are to the genetic contributions to intelligence'.

Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. http://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse This is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License. ; The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongestand most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it canforce climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the globalatmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceansaffect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began inthe late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacificclimate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming.Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improvingpredictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections offuture climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios. ; W.C. is supportedby National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0605700).L.W., Xia.L., and B.G. are supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (NSFC) projects (41490643,41490640, U1606402, and 41521091). W.C., G.W., B.N., and A.S.are supported by CSHOR and the Earth System and ClimateChange Hub of the Australian Government'sNationalEnvironment Science Program. CSHOR is a joint research Centrefor Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research between QNLM andCSIRO. M.L. is supported by the GOTHAM Belmont project(ANR-15-JCLI-0004-01) and the ARiSE ANR project. T.L. issupported by NSFC 41630423 and NSF AGS-1565653 grants.S.M. is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC)through grant number FT160100162. J.-S.K. was supported bya National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant fundedby the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A5A1024958).J.-Y.Y. is supported by NSF AGS-1505145 and AGS-1833075grants. M.F.S is supported by the Institute for Basic Science(project code IBS-R028-D1). Y.-G.H. is funded by the KoreaMeteorological AdministrationResearchandDevelopmentProgram under grant KMI2018-03214. M.J.M is supported byNOAA and PMEL contribution number 4838. Y.D. is supportedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41525019,41830538, and 41521005) and the State Oceanic Administrationof China (GASI-IPOVAI-02). D.D. is supported by ARC grantnumber CE170100023. M.M.-R. has been supported by theMORDICUS grant under contract ANR-13-762 SENV-0002-01and CGL2017-86415-R. Y.R.-R. is supported by an 800154-INADEC individual MSCA-IF-EF-ST grant. S.-P.X. is supportedby the NSF. J.B.K. was supported by the National EnvironmentResearch Council (NE/N005783/1).Author contributions:The manuscript was written as a group effort during two"Pantropical interbasin climate interactions"workshops heldat Xiamen University and Jeju Island. All authors contributedto the manuscript preparation, interpretations, and thediscussions that led to the final figure design. W.C. and L.W.designed the study and coordinated the writing. M.L., T.L., S.M.,J.-S.K., A.S., J.-Y.Y., Xic.L., M.F.S., Y.C., Y.-G.H., M.J.M., N.K.,Y.R.-R., and J.B.K. coordinated the discussion for varioussections.B.N.helpedtocollatecomments and prepare an initialversion.Competing interests:The authors declare nocompeting interests.Data and materials availability:Allobservation and model datasets used here are publiclyavailable or available on request. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)