Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article situates random public encounters in fieldwork as critical ethnographic "shadowboxing" (James 1999) moments shaping Black queer feminisms for anthropology. Based in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, I explore the multiangular effects of an impromptu encounter with a gynecologist within the context of the International Women's Day march in 2013. This article maps how my Black queer feminist lens renders visible the rooted mechanisms of power and subsequent erasures of Black women's agency in silence and social action. I rethink how discovery and evidence emerge as "radical data" to frame how Black female bodies become shadows within institutional spaces. It challenges us to boldly call out the radical data that resides beyond the data itself. I engage the scholarship of Black queer and Black feminist scholars as a call for more Black queer feminist praise songs.

Les Sereer du Sénégal, dont l'ethnicité se structure autour d'une culture d'essence rurale, sont exposés depuis des décennies, avec l'urbanisation et les migrations nationales et internationales, à la question de la survivance de leur groupe ethnique. Comment, dès lors, la transmission intergénérationnelle en famille est-elle envisagée par les parents sereer ? Cet article traite de cette question à partir du cas de Sereer installés en Île-de-France, rencontrés dans le cadre d'une enquête plus large menée entre 2012 et 2014. Le projet de transmission impose à ces parents, de générations différentes, une réflexion sur l'ethnicité, dépendant de leurs conditions de vie avant et après la migration et structurant, en retour, une certaine organisation familiale dans laquelle les éléments associés à l'ethnicité (éducation, alimentation et langue) sont différemment appréciés et investis.

L'urgence que représente la compréhension de la pandémie de Covid-19 a entraîné des différences considérables entre les procédures de collecte des données des pays concernés, qui s'efforcent tous de produire des informations en temps réel mais qui restent des statistiques de mortalité imparfaites. Pour remédier à ce problème, l'analyse porte sur les décomptes de décès par Covid-19 provenant de la base de données « La démographie des décès par Covid-19 » ( https://dc-covid.site.ined.fr/fr/ ) ainsi que leurs limites. Cet article souligne des aspects importants touchant aux données qui limitent la possibilité de mener des comparaisons internationales. Pour pallier ces difficultés, les sources sont classées en fonction du caractère exhaustif de leurs données, puis les décomptes de décès sont analysés et comparés pour 16 pays. Bien comprendre les caractéristiques de la collecte des données est fondamental pour le traitement des statistiques imparfaites.

The financial crisis has made the theme of economic development particularly significant. Analysis of this topic cannot ignore a key actor, that is, public administration. Here, we focus on all the Italian municipalities ( n = 7,978), analyzing the relationship between local public policies (in terms of municipalities' governance and local governments' financial engagement) supporting urban economic development and local entrepreneurial presence (total number of active firms). Applying the general least square (GLS) method for over 4 years (2014–2017; n = 31,912 observations), we find that the financial autonomy of cities and their financial efforts toward international programs, agriculture, agri-food and fisheries, tourism, culture, and economic development policies favor entrepreneurial presence. Our conclusion, contributing to public management and policy literature, also highlights some limits of the research and some related opportunities for further research on the subject.

Executive term limits are evidently under stress in many jurisdictions. One mode in which they are evaded is through the formal revision or abrogation of a constitution. Such a process accelerates a pernicious cycle in which constitutional non-compliance begets constitutional instability, which in turn begets subsequent non-compliance. Such a non-compliance cycle is a core problem in law, and one that deserves more careful examination in various domains. This essay unearths original historical evidence of term-limit provisions and executive tenure in an effort to illuminate and evaluate the phenomenon. A background concern is that of international (and domestic) approaches to term-limit evasion. One intellectual response is that of militant democracy. The logic of that approach would imply the entrenchment and protection of term limits, which would presumably disrupt the cycle of non-compliance.

AbstractBackshoring as a way of undoing the offshoring strategy has become quite common in many industries and countries. This paper analyses the reasons that may justify this strategy based on International Economics and Transaction Cost Economics. Specifically, we point that the framework to analyse offshoring can be valid, but that the knowledge, experience, etc. of the country that once hosted those activities reduce the costs in the second degree relocation. We present the results of a survey administered to firms in the Spanish footwear industry to evaluate such proposals. The results reveal that backshoring can be explained in the same theoretical framework as the offshoring decision and therefore this strategy simply constitutes a response to the characteristics of the environment of these firms since their offshoring strategy differed in terms of the destination country, business model, etc.

La présidence allemande du Conseil correspond à un moment où des normes internationales sont élaborées en matière de numérisation. Par des réformes innovantes, l'Union européenne porte un projet ambitieux pour une économie de plateforme fondée sur des valeurs éthiques. Dans ce contexte, l'article interroge la position de l'Allemagne dans l'élaboration d'une politique numérique européenne. La présidence allemande du Conseil utilisa-t-elle cette fonction temporaire pour apparaître elle-même comme un créateur de nouvelles normes ? Ou bien poursuivit-elle ses propres objectifs qui pourraient entrer en conflit avec le projet de normalisation au niveau supranational ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, outre le programme et les initiatives de la présidence du Conseil, nous examinerons les contributions plus anciennes de l'Allemagne à l'élaboration de cette politique dans des domaines tels que la protection des données et la lutte contre les crimes de haine.

The purpose of the work is to identify the connotation, features of computational propaganda and reveal how computational propaganda uses new technologies to manipulate public opinion.
The study's hypothesis is the assumption that computational propaganda, as a new type of propaganda and manipulation of public opinion spawned in the era of artificial intelligence, stealthily and massively steers public opinion using new technologies to influence political and social processes.
With the scientific methods such as event analysis and case-study, the work concludes that more and more governments, political parties, and strategic communication companies use social media as the digital platform, Internet bots as the automated executors, and algorithms as the computational technical guarantee, by participating in, guiding and creating controversial topics and events, to manipulate public opinion and win international competitions, policy debates, elections, etc.

This article pursues to clarify the crucial contribution of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to protect the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. It debates that the Court has instituted its renewed jurisprudence in the sphere of refuge throughout its case-law and advisory opinionsassociated with the safeguard of refugees, specifically the Court's direction towards affirming on the extended principles affiliating to asylum. The Inter-American Court went further than its European counterpart in interpreting regional and international asylum law. However, the actual protection of asylum seekers promoted by the Court is established on some controversial concepts like jus cogens norms and obligations egra omnes. Furthermore, the Court has an unclear vision concerning asylum and refuge. This may, therefore, curb the impact of a stronger humanrights-based approach to the protection of asylum seekers in Latin America.

XIX зууны сүүлчийн улиралд АНУ Хятадтай харилцах "нээлттэй хаалга"- ны бодлогыг тунхагласны дараа Гадаад Монгол нь сайхь гүрний гадаад худалдаа-эдийн засгийн ашиг сонирхлын хүрээнд нэгэнт багтах болсон байна. Нийслэл Хүрээний зүүн дэнжийг Монголчууд «Американ дэнж» хэмээн нэрлэх болсон нь орос-америкийн Чарльз Э. Стукены «Стукен и Ко» болон «Mongolian Trading Company», «Andersen, Meyer & Со.,»-ийн салбар энд байрлаж байснаас гүн улбаатай юм. Эдгээр компаниуд Америкийн томоохон монопольт трест, синдикатуудтай холбоотой байв. «Mongolian Trading Со» компани нь «Standard Oil Co.,» компанитай, «Andersen, Meyer & Co.,» компани нь Америкийн «General Electric» корпораци, «International Corporation» хэмээх санхүүгийн томоохон нийгэмлэгтэй хэлхээ холбоотой байжээ. Эдгээр пүүсүүд Шанхай хотод төвтэй байсан бөгөөд салбарууд нь Тяньжин, Бээжин, Хаалган, Кантон, Харбин, Хонконг, Хүрээ зэрэг хотуудад үйл ажиллагаа явуулж байв.
English title: Outer Mongolia and American Consul Samuel Sokobin

In a multipolar world, military security issues still occupy a key place in the public debate. Military technology is one of the most developing sectors in the world. There is no doubt that the United States and the People's Republic of China have dominated this sector in recent years. The Russian defense industry is associated with outdated equipment, technology and corruption. Nevertheless, recent conflicts show that the Russian Federation has mastered the elements of information war. "New war" theory was advanced by Mary Kaldor to characterize warfare in the post-Cold War era. According to newest research, nowadays military conflicts employ some elements of both conventional and cybernetic combat, while military operations are supported by domestic and international propaganda. The main goal of this article is to determine what type of conflict is contemporary Russia preparing for and in what ways.

This article presents the experience of the workshop Investigar con dispositivos artísticos y poéticos (Researching with poetic and artistic dispositifs), carried out in the special interest group A Day in Spanish and Portuguese (ADISP), in the frame of the Fifteenth International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (ICQI), in 2019. The goal of this workshop was to show the panorama of the uses and implications of the arts, poetry, and narratives as a methodological strategy in qualitative research. The theoretical framework to development the workshop included the poetic inquiry approach and the artistic dispositif. The experience of the workshop shows the social, political, and critical impact of combining art and poetry. This combination allows researchers to go beyond more traditional research practices such as interviews and ethnographies. We hope to contribute to promote these alternative methodologies in the Latin American researchers' communities and audiences.

Abstract
The Israeli raid in June 1981 against the Osirak nuclear reactor in Iraq has been extensively analyzed by scholars, especially in the context of debate about the efficacy of preemptive strikes against hostile nuclear programs. Yet surprisingly, some important historical questions have been left unanswered: how did the raid affect the Reagan administration's nuclear nonproliferation policy, and how was the raid perceived by relevant administration officials? How did the United States design its political strategy of response to the raid, and how did this strategy play out at the International Atomic Energy Agency? What does this episode tell us about Ronald Reagan's foreign policy priorities? By exploring recently declassified documents from several archives around the world, this article addresses all of these questions and, in the process, debunks revisionist myths relating to the raid.

In the global financial architecture, the functions of anti-crisis support and macroeconomic stabilization are performed by the institutions of the global financial safety net (GFSN). The volume of available financing within the framework of GFNS has grown 10 times over the past decade and reached the equivalent of 4% of world GDP. The literature's standard understanding of a system of national reserves, swap agreements, regional financial mechanisms, and the IMF requires enlargement. The article proposes the concept of an enlarged global financial safety net, namely by including two new elements — multilateral development banks and bilateral financial support. The manifestations of this phenomenon in many regions of the world are shown in the activities of the largest international development banks and at the level of macroeconomic stabilization financing by individual donor countries, including during the current COVID crisis.

En 2006, lors de son entrée en bourse, Mastercard a créé sa fondation en lui octroyant 10 % de ses actions et en lui donnant pour mission la lutte contre la pauvreté, par l'inclusion financière des populations exclues des circuits financiers formels en Afrique. Pour défendre cette cause sociale, la Fondation Mastercard, dotée d'un capital de 23 milliards de dollars en 2019, transfère dans le domaine philanthropique les discours et instruments du capitalisme financiarisé, tout en mobilisant des ong , des organisations internationales, des entreprises privées comme des universités. Sur la base d'une enquête empirique, cet article analyse les modalités de cette stratégie d'hybridation entre mondes militants et économiques et l'instrumentation croisée entre la firme et sa fondation. Il démontre comment la Fondation Mastercard vise à faire advenir la société dont a besoin la firme Mastercard : « A World Beyond Cash ».