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In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the sociology of religion enjoyed a remarkable growth in both theory and empirical research. The scholarly consensus argues that the early secularization thesis associated with modernization theory was misleading and simplistic, or that it was primarily relevant to northern Europe. Beyond the European framework, there is ample evidence that religion continues to play a major role in society, culture and politics. With urbanization in the developing world, there has come increasing piety and religious revivalism. Religion will be a major factor in political and ideological struggles across the globe in this century. One negative aspect of this focus on political conflict, however, has been an over-concentration on radical Islam and other manifestations of religious violence.

Anne Sofie Roald's critical approach to multiculturalists' discourse is in many aspects justified. The 'strong' version of multiculturalism gets stuck in strange paradoxes: in the name of 'respect' and 'toler-ance' I defend repression and submission; the 'weak version of the multiculturalist attitude is in fact a universalist liberalism. But the most relevant political philosophical opposition, I argue, is not the one that Roald defends, namely between (western) 'freedom' or 'autonomy' and (religious, especially Muslim) tradition and 'collectivism'. Also in Western democracies freedom is defended out of a particular (collective) horizon. A more honest and more fruitful framing of the problems in multicultural and multi-religious Europe is to describe them in terms of clashes between different cultural prejudices, incarnated meanings and practices.

This paper deals with some of the religious elements in the responses to the terrorist attacks. It criticises some initial Christian responses (in America) as well as George Bush (Jnr)'s self‐asserted Christian credentials. The conjunction between business‐friendly forms of religion and the religious cloak over a right‐wing political stance is presented as an aspect of Bush's "crusade". The paper surveys the history of the constitutional separation of church and state and the emergence of a republican tradition which had pretensions to displace the "moral haughtiness" and insolence of American religiosity. But the "faith‐based" legislation favoured by Bush has prevailed in the general judgementalism of the administration and in the "security measures" and pro‐corporate legislation enacted in 2001 and 2002.

The party coalitions that emerged from the New Deal realignment were defined by race, nationality and ethnicity, religion, region, and social class. In the last decade, the "religious impulse" has become an increas-ingly important aspect of the party coalitions as Republican and Demo-cratic identifiers have become increasingly distinct in terms of their re-ligiosity and religious practice. The paper traces the increasing impor-tance of religiosity and social class as correlates of party identification and argues that the contemporary GOP has a support base that is highly similar to that of conventional Christian Democratic parties. It further suggests that the pattern of issue politics between the parties today is a result of this new cleavage structure.

The party coalitions that emerged from the New Deal realignment were defined by race, nationality and ethnicity, religion, region, and social class. In the last decade, the "religious impulse" has become an increas-ingly important aspect of the party coalitions as Republican and Demo-cratic identifiers have become increasingly distinct in terms of their re-ligiosity and religious practice. The paper traces the increasing impor-tance of religiosity and social class as correlates of party identification and argues that the contemporary GOP has a support base that is highly similar to that of conventional Christian Democratic parties. It further suggests that the pattern of issue politics between the parties today is a result of this new cleavage structure.

Religion in India has always been profoundly politicized, which is why it has remained of enduring importance, instead of 'withering away' as in the West. Though its presence is somewhat hidden in parties that profess a secular view, it is of vital importance, at the local village level, as a focus for the organization of political factions. More precisely, even if local political parties in Tamilnadu do not organizearoundreligion, theyusereligion and ritual events for their political purposes, in their struggles to dominate local politics. The fact that this politicization of religious ritual is implicit, not explicit, only testifies to the fact that power-relationships—and struggles—exist in all aspects of life (as Foucault often noted), including apparently 'innocent' rites such as religious possession.

Papers presented at a seminar organized at Jawaharlal Nehru University on Mar., 2007.

This book invites to rethink certain aspects of halal, and in particular the issue of the halal market and halal certification in Muslim-minority contexts. Rather than limiting itself to elucidating the doctrinal traditions relating to halal/haram, or on the contrary, focusing only on the external economic, financial, political or demographic factors that explain the changes taking place, Rethinking Halal shows the need to underline the points of balance between the aspects of religious doctrine on the one hand and the economic or political contextual aspects on the other hand. Through the study of various countries, Rethinking Halal demonstrates that Islam underwent a process of positivisation, that is, a kind of reframing of its rules and principles through the lens of a characteristically modern standardising, scientificising, and systematising mind.

This book invites to rethink certain aspects of halal, and in particular the issue of the halal market and halal certification in Muslim-minority contexts. Rather than limiting itself to elucidating the doctrinal traditions relating to halal/haram, or on the contrary, focusing only on the external economic, financial, political or demographic factors that explain the changes taking place, Rethinking Halal shows the need to underline the points of balance between the aspects of religious doctrine on the one hand and the economic or political contextual aspects on the other hand. Through the study of various countries, Rethinking Halal demonstrates that Islam underwent a process of positivisation, that is, a kind of reframing of its rules and principles through the lens of a characteristically modern standardising, scientificising, and systematising mind.

Статья посвящена истории развития иудаизма на территории Еврейской автономной области. Рассмотрены основные этапы становления этой религии, затронуты важнейшие моменты в истории иудейской общины области. Значительная доля внимания уделена вопросам взаимоотношения политической власти и представителей еврейской религиозности. Рассмотрены особенности основных направлений иудаизма, распространенных в области. ; The article is devoted to the history of the development of Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous region. The main stages of of this religion formation were investigated, the most important moments in the history of the Jewish community of the region were analized. A significant share of the attention was paid to the aspects of the relationship between political authorities and representatives of the Jewish religion and to the features of the main branches of Judaism, prevalent in the area.

In 2004, the parents of Ashley, a young girl with profound intellectual disabilities, chose to stop her growth, perform a hysterectomy, and remove her breast buds. This "Ashley Treatment" (AT) was performed in consultation with pediatric specialists and the hospital ethics committee, who reasoned that these changes would improve Ashley's quality of life and ease the burden on her primary caregivers: her mother and father. But Jason Reimer Greig proposes that the AT represents the most pernicious elements of modern medicine in which those with intellectual disabilities are seen as objects and perpetual children in need of technological manipulations. Drawing on--and criticizing--contemporary disability theory, Greig contends that L'Arche, a federation of Christian communities serving the intellectually disabled, provides an alternative response to the predominant bioethical worldview that sees disability as a problem to be solved. Rather, L'Arche draws inspiration from Jesus' service to the "least of these" and a commitment to Christian friendship between the able-bodied and the intellectually disabled, in which the latter are understood not as objects to be fixed but as teachers whose lives can transform others into a new way of being human

Explores the latest historical research on the development of the earth's climate, showing how even minor changes in the climate could result in major social, political, and religious upheavals

Processes of pluralization pose new challenges for teaching various subjects. The social, cultural, and religious heterogeneity of students is not only of pedagogical importance, but also highly relevant for subject-specific education. It was with this in mind that the "Third Conference of Subject-Specific Education" (University of Innsbruck May 2017) discussed the topic "Religious and (socio-)cultural Diversity in Subject-Specific Education and Teaching". The fourteen contributions dealt with a basic examination of diversity concepts, the demands of teaching history in a society with a high level of immigration, the relevance of linguistic and cultural diversity among teachers and students in the teaching of languages, issues in the teaching of geography in the context of sustainable development, and aspects of inter-religious studies in both secondary and tertiary education. - Gesellschaftliche Pluralisierungsprozesse stellen den Fachunterricht vor neue Herausforderungen. Die soziale, kulturelle und religiöse Heterogenität der Schülerinnen und Schüler ist nicht nur pädagogisch bedeutsam, sondern auch fachdidaktisch höchst relevant. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmete sich die "Dritte Tagung der Fachdidaktik", die im Mai 2017 an der Universität Innsbruck stattfand, dem Thema "Religiöse und (sozio-)kulturelle Vielfalt in Fachdidaktik und Unterricht". In vierzehn Beiträgen spannt der vorliegende Tagungsband einen thematischen Bogen von der grundsätzlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Diversitätskonzepten und den Anforderungen an die Geschichtsdidaktik in der Migrationsgesellschaft über die Relevanz sprachlicher und kultureller Diversität von Lehrenden und Lernenden im Kontext der Sprachendidaktik bis hin zu geographiedidaktischen Fragestellungen im Kontext einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung und Aspekten interreligiösen Lernens in Schule und Hochschule.