Suchergebnisse

Herr Präsident! Meine sehr verehrten Damen und Herren! Ich muß zunächst darauf hinweisen, daß es sich bei der DZT um einen eingetragenen Verein der deutschen Fremdenverkehrswirtschaft handelt, der allerdings mit 85 % aus öffentlichen Mitteln finanziert wird. Bei den in der Öffentlichkeit und anderswo diskutierten Vorgängen geht es um folgende Sachverhalte: Erstens. Gegen den leitenden Mitarbeiter der New Yorker Geschäftsstelle ist ein Gerichtsverfahren wegen sexueller Belästigung anhängig. Das Gerichtsverfahren ist noch nicht entschieden. Die Vorwürfe gegen den Leiter der Geschäftsstelle sind seit Herbst 1993 bekannt. Der Mitarbeiter wurde inzwischen wegen mangelnder Kontrolle und Vernachlässigung der Berichtspflichten gegenüber dem Vorstand entlassen. Ich wiederhole: Das Gerichtsverfahren ist noch nicht entschieden. - Sie fordern doch schonungslose Aufklärung und ein Konzept. Ich bin gerade dabei, Ihnen das vorzutragen, und wäre Ihnen dankbar, wenn ich das hintereinander weg tun könnte. Zweitens. Dem Stellvertreter des Leiters der Geschäftsstelle New York wurde aus den gleichen Gründen gekündigt. Drittens. Es wurden in der Öffentlichkeit, vor allem der amerikanischen Öffentlichkeit, Vorwürfe gegen eine weitere Mitarbeiterin erhoben, die bei der Veröffentlichung rechtsradikaler Schriften mitgewirkt haben soll. Ich muß das so ausdrücken. Diese Vorwürfe sind dem Ministerium seit Mai 1995 bekannt. Die Mitarbeiterin wurde nach Bekanntwerden dieser Vorwürfe sofort entlassen. Viertens. Eine weitere Mitarbeiterin hat vor Gericht gegen die DZT wegen rassischer Diskriminierung ein Verfahren eingeleitet. Eine Entscheidung in dieser Sache ist noch nicht ergangen. Fünftens. 1984 wurde durch die DZT bei einer Münchner Gesellschaft eine Marktanalyse in Auftrag gegeben. Zweck dieses Gutachtens war es, in Amerika Zielgruppen für den Tourismus nach Deutschland zu identifizieren und geeignete Werbemaßnahmen zielgruppengerecht zu entwerfen. Diese Studie wurde im Unterauftrag durch eine New Yorker Marketinggesellschaft erarbeitet. Gegen dieses Gutachten wird der Vorwurf der Rassendiskriminierung erhoben und außerdem kritisiert, daß bestimmte Bevölkerungsgruppen zu unerwünschten Gästen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland erklärt wurden. Es handelt sich bei dem zitierten Gutachten um eine 700 Seiten umfassende Studie. Die Bestimmung der Zielgruppen in Zusammenarbeit mit einem amerikanischen Institut erfolgte auf der Grundlage der vom US Bureau of Census, also vom Statistischen Amt der Vereinigten Staaten, vorgegebenen Kategorien, die von allen amerikanischen Meinungsforschungsinstituten verwandt werden. Zu diesen Standards zählen in den USA als klassischem Einwanderungsland neben Fragen nach dem Alter und Geschlecht auch Fragen nach der Abstammung und der Religion. In bezug auf einen Deutschlandurlaub ergab diese Untersuchung ein überdurchschnittliches Interesse evangelischer und katholischer weißstämmiger Amerikaner mittleren Alters und ein unterdurchschnittliches Interesse bei anderen Bevölkerungsgruppen. Das Gutachten formuliert in unakzeptabler Weise: "Keine Juden, Schwarzen, Hispanier und Asiaten". Ich distanziere mich hiermit erneut und nachdrücklich von den Formulierungen dieses Gutachtens. Ich möchte aber eindringlich feststellen, daß die DZT die Empfehlungen der Studie zu keinem Zeitpunkt zur Grundlage ihrer Arbeitsplanung in den USA gemacht hat. Es hat niemals eine Anweisung der DZT-Zentrale gegeben, bestimmte Bevölkerungsgruppen nicht anzusprechen. Im Gegenteil, die Werbung der DZT in den USA hat sich nachweislich stets an alle Amerikaner gerichtet. An zahlreichen Beispielen läßt sich nachweisen, daß sich die DZT besonders um die jüdische Bevölkerungsgruppe in den USA bemüht hat, u. a. in Abstimmung mit dem American Jewish Committee. Frau Kollegin, meine Vorgänger im Amt und auch ich haben seit 1988/89 eine Strukturänderung in der Arbeit der DZT dringend angestrebt. Ziel ist und bleibt die Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit und der internen Kontrolle in der DZT durch eine unternehmensnahe Besetzung des Vorstands und des Verwaltungsrats. Dem dienten das Gutachten von Roland Berger im Sommer 1993 und die personelle Neubesetzung der Gremien im Herbst 1993. - Ich komme gleich darauf zu sprechen; ich möchte systematisch vorgehen. Der Vorstand und der Verwaltungsrat haben versucht, die dringend notwendige innere Strukturveränderung der DZT durchzuführen. Dies ist jedoch trotz aller Bemühungen nicht in ausreichendem Maß gelungen. Es gilt jetzt, aus den Fehlern der Vergangenheit zu lernen und einen grundlegenden Neuanfang einzuleiten. Dazu ist meiner Meinung nach folgendes zu tun: Erstens. Der Vorstand muß möglichst bis Juli 1995 neu geordnet werden. Sie wissen: Der Marketing-Vorstand ist ausgeschieden, der ehrenamtliche Vorstandsvorsitzende steht nur befristet zur Verfügung. Wenn die Gehaltsstruktur für den Vorstand kein entsprechendes Ergebnis bringt, müssen sich die Zuständigen in der Bundesregierung und, wenn ich bitten darf, auch im Bundestag zusammensetzen, um eine Lösung zu suchen, die eine fachgerechte Besetzung ermöglicht. Zweitens. Die organisatorischen und personellen Strukturen der Auslandsvertretungen müssen durchleuchtet werden. Dies gilt im wesentlichen für die Vertretung in New York. Um das Führungssystem im Ausland vor dem Versagen zu schützen, müssen Kooperationen gefunden werden. Ein institutionalisiertes Vier-Augen-Prinzip bietet mehr Sicherheit und Kontrolle. Die Gespräche dazu werden mit geeigneten Kooperationspartnern ab sofort aufgenommen. Drittens. Der Vertreter des BMWi im Verwaltungsrat wird ausgewechselt. Viertens. Die finanzielle Verantwortung der DZT liegt, wie eingangs gesagt, derzeit mit 85 % beim Bund. Meine Damen und Herren, das kann nicht so bleiben. Wenn die DZT mit unternehmerischer Führung der Wirtschaft wirklich etwas wert ist, so müssen sich die Finanzbeiträge aus der Wirtschaft erhöhen. Dabei ist auch an die Rechtsform einer Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung zu denken, in der sich die Partner der Wirtschaft mit ihren Finanzbeiträgen treffen können. Ich werde noch vor der Sommerpause die Gespräche mit der Wirtschaft über einen Neuanfang der DZT einschließlich deren Finanzierung aufnehmen. Mir geht es vor allem um die Fortsetzung einer wirksamen Förderung der mittelständisch geprägten Fremdenverkehrswirtschaft. Die Bundesregierung wird auf diesem Gebiet auch weiterhin ihre Verantwortung wahrnehmen. Insbesondere die Expo 2000 stellt uns in dieser Hinsicht vor besondere Anforderungen. Wir haben in Deutschland eine Menge vorzuzeigen: touristisch, kulturell und auf vielen anderen Gebieten. Wir werden dafür in geeigneter Weise mit Nachdruck und in Verantwortung werben.

Mostly known under the pseudonym Jean de La Hire, the French writer, editor and politician Adolphe d'Espie (1878-1956) might not be on many people's minds nowadays. Yet, his works were very popular in his time, delighting a vast audience including young Jean-Paul Sartre, who names him as one of his favorite authors. And his baffling itinerary raises many questions. Beginning his literary career as a very elitist novelist, young d'Espie befriends figures such as Pierre Louÿs, José-Maria de Heredia, Colette and Willy, and dreams to become the new Balzac. He still ended up owing his fame to popular literature. His prolific production in the field covers many genre: romance novel, crime novel, adventure novels, and even science fiction. The paths he followed in politics puzzle as well. A long standing supporter of the "radical" movement, and elected mayor under this label, d'Espie became editor in chief of a political review sponsored by future Nobel Peace Prize-winning Léon Bourgeois and Ferdinand Buisson. In 1940, d'Espie however sides with the German occupying forces. He takes the helm of a publishing house confiscated to Jewish owners, and writes and publishes propaganda in favor of the Nazis. Ambition and opportunism seem in both cases the reason accounting for these flip-flops – d'Espie always going for the quickest way to success, disregarding both his ideals and a posterity that will not be able to forgive his mistakes. ; Plus connu sous le pseudonyme de Jean de La Hire, l'écrivain, éditeur et homme politique français Adolphe d'Espie (1878-1956) a aujourd'hui disparu de la plupart des mémoires. Ses œuvres ont pourtant marqué nombre de lecteurs de son époque, comme le jeune Jean Paul-Sartre qui se délectait de ses romans. Son parcours ne peut par ailleurs manquer d'interpeller. Romancier résolument élitiste, le jeune d'Espie fréquente Pierre Louÿs, José-Maria de Heredia, Colette et Willy, et se rêve en nouveau Balzac. Pourtant, c'est dans le roman populaire qu'il se rendra célèbre, et qu'il publiera la majorité de sa très vaste production. Il en couvrira tous les genres : roman sentimental, policier, d'aventures, de cape et d'épée, et de science-fiction. Son itinéraire politique étonne également. Longtemps engagé auprès des républicains-socialistes, il devient maire de Banyuls-sur-Mer sous cette étiquette, et rédacteur en chef d'une revue politique parrainée par Léon Bourgeois et Ferdinand Buisson. D'Espie bascule cependant dès 1940 du côté de la collaboration. Il prend alors la tête des Éditions Ferenczi qu'il aryanise et met au service de la propagande nazie, propagande à laquelle il contribue aussi de sa plume. Ambitieux et opportuniste, d'Espie a choisi en politique comme dans les lettres, les chemins qui menaient le plus vite au succès, au mépris d'idéaux vite oubliés, et d'une postérité qui ne pourra lui pardonner ses errements.

Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Begriff des Eros auf Grundlage eines breiten Spektrums historischer, literarischer und kultureller Perspektiven. Eines der wesentlichen Ziele der Publikation ist es, sowohl die Macht als auch die problematischen Aspekte des Eros sowie seinen Beitrag zur Gründung von Familien und Gemeinschaften zu erfassen. Die textbasierten und theoretischen Annäherungen an das Konzept des Eros und die vielfältigen in diesem Zusammenhang erschlossenen Themen reflektieren die unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen sowie die interdisziplinäre Herangehensweise der Autoren. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf den historischen Aspekten des Eros, seiner zeitlichen Einordnung und Kontextualisierung.****************This collection of articles deals with the notion of Eros from a broad range of historical, literary and cultural perspectives. One of the primary aims of the collection is to comprehend both the power and the problematic aspects of Eros and its contribution to the formation of family and community. Considering the concept of Eros textually and theoretically, the variety of topics raised reflects the different disciplines of the authors as well as their interdisciplinary approach. Special emphasis was given to the historical aspect of Eros, its temporal location and contextualization. Yosef Kaplan is the Bernard Cherrick Emeritus Professor of Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His most recent publications include The Religious Cultures of Dutch Jewry (with Dan Michman, Leiden-Boston 2017) and Early Modern Religious and Ethnic Communities in Exile (Cambridge 2017). Yoav Rinon is a Renee Lang professor in the Department of Comparative Literature and the Department of Classics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His publications include: Sadian Reflections (Madison, 2005), Homer and the Dual Model of the Tragic (Ann Arbor, 2008), a verse translation of and commentary (with Luisa Ferretti-Cuomo) on Dante's Inferno (Carmel Press, 2013), and The Crisis in the Humanities (Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2014). Shimrit Peled is a Lecturer at the Department of Hebrew Literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Among her publications: The Israeli sovereign: discourse and the novel 1967-1973 (Jerusalem, 2014), "Constructing Sexual Feminine Subjectivity in Victoria by Sami Michael" (Jerusalem, 2014). Ruth Fine is Salomon and Victoria Cohen Professor of Iberian and Latin American Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her recent publications include Lo converso: orden imaginario y realidad en la cultura española (with M. Guillemont and J.D. Vila) (Madrid/ Frankfurt 2013) and Reescrituras bíblicas cervantinas (Madrid/Frankfurt, 2014).

Written at different times and for different audiences - some for scholars of rabbinic literature, some for laymen or for scholars not necessarily Jewish - the essays gathered together in this volume nevertheless have an inner coherence. They reflect the author's lifetime interest in the history of halakhah - not as intellectual history per se, but rather a concern to identify measurable deflection in the unfolding of halakhic ideas that could point to an undetected force at work. What was it that stimulated change, and why? What happened when strong forces impinged upon halakhic observance, and both the scholarly elite and the community as a whole had to grapple with upholding observance while adapting to a new set of circumstances? Haym Soloveitchik's elegant presentation shows skilfully that the line between adaptation and deviance is a fine one, and that where a society draws that line is revelatory of both its values and its self-perception. Many of the articles presented here are well known in the field but have been updated for this publication (the major essay on pawnbroking has been expanded to half again its original size); some have been previously published only in Hebrew, and two are completely new. An Introduction highlights the key themes of the collection and explains the underlying methodology. Having these essays in a single volume will enable scholars and students to consult all the material on each theme together, while also tracing the development of ideas. The opening section of the volume is a brief description and characterization of the dramatis personae who figure in all these essays: Rashi and the Tosafists. It covers the halakhic commentaries and their authors; the creativity of Ashkenaz; and the halakhic isolation of the Ashkenazic community. The second section focuses on usury and money-lending, including the practice of pawn-broking, while the third section deals with the ban on Gentile wine and how that connected to the development of money-lending. The final section presents general conclusions in the form of four studies of the communal self-image of Ashkenaz and its attitude to deviation and change.

From its most cosmopolitan urban centers to the rural Midwest, the United States is experiencing a rising tide of religious interest. While terrorist attacks keep Americans fixed on an abhorrent vision of militant Islam, popular films such as The Passion of the Christ and The Da Vinci Code make blockbuster material of the origins of Christianity. The 2004 presidential election, we are told, was decided on the basis of religiously driven moral values. A majority of Americans are reported to believe that religious differences are the biggest obstacle to world peace. Beneath the superficial banter of the media and popular culture, however, are quieter conversations about what it means to be religious in America today—conversations among recent immigrants about how to adapt their practices to life in new land, conversations among young people who are finding new meaning in religions rejected by their parents, conversations among the religiously unaffiliated about eclectic new spiritualities encountered in magazines, book groups, or online. Interfaith Encounters in America takes a compelling look at these seldom acknowledged exchanges, showing how, despite their incompatibilities, Buddhist, Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Hindu Americans, among others, are using their beliefs to commit to the values of a pluralistic society rather than to widen existing divisions. Chapters survey the intellectual exchanges among scholars of philosophy, religion, and theology about how to make sense of conflicting claims, as well as the relevance and applicability of these ideas "on the ground" where real people with different religious identities intentionally unite for shared purposes that range from national public policy initiatives to small town community interfaith groups, from couples negotiating interfaith marriages to those exploring religious issues with strangers in online interfaith discussion groups. Written in engaging and accessible prose, this book provides an important reassessment of the problems, values, and goals of contemporary religion in the United States. It is essential reading for scholars of religion, sociology, and American studies, as well as anyone who is concerned with the purported impossibility of religious pluralism

This study highlights the importance of investigating the unique phenomenon of Ukrainian emigration, which has a long history and global geographical scale. The relevance of the study is justified by the necessity of studying the sources of Ukrainian emigration, the over-time development of a powerful mass of immigrants from Ukraine, settled around the world, who have always supported the revival of the Ukrainian state and today play a substantial role in promoting its interests abroad. From a historical perspective, Ukrainian emigration ranks fifth in the world after Jewish, Greek, Armenian, and Chinese. Ukrainians were the first to emigrate to Europe and within modern Russia. In the middle of the 18th century, the first Ukrainian agricultural colonies appeared in the then Austrian Empire, when several thousand Transcarpathian Ukrainians moved to Bačka, Srem, and Slavonia − the regions of modern Serbia and Croatia − searching for work. But much more Ukrainian peasants moved to the Volga region, the Urals, and Siberia, where they established large Ukrainian settlements among local Russians. The purpose of this study is to investigate hitherto unknown questions about the motives of individual and group emigration in the early stages of the Ukrainian state in all its forms, the sources of the first Ukrainian agricultural colonies in Europe, ethnic Ukrainian settlements within tsarist Russia, North, South America, and Australia. The fundamental methodological framework of this study is a systematic approach and comprehensive analysis, which gave an opportunity to provide a holistic vision of the role and place of compatriots in the development of a powerful, nationally conscious, and influential Ukrainian diaspora. The results of the study allowed identifying the causes of individual and group emigration of Ukrainians, establishing the geography of their settlement in different countries, their role in the development of previously free territories, preservation of the native language and national culture. The practical value of this paper comes down to the fact that the given factual material, as well as the authors' opinions and conclusions, can be used to prepare studies on the history of Ukraine, certain foreign countries, and the Ukrainian diaspora

RESUMEN "Esta tesis doctoral propone un estudio sobre la teología política cristiana de Orosio, autor que vivió entre los siglos IV y V, analizando, en particular, las relaciones que se interponen entre el "judaísmo" (en sus diversas declinaciones histórico-culturales dentro de un mundo tardoantiguo que es más complejo y caleidoscópico) y la Augustus-Theologie dentro de su obra histórica, las Historiae adversus paganos. Por un lado, surge cómo Orosio aborda de cerca la historia judía dentro de su obra, siempre a la luz de sus correlaciones con la historia cristiana y con una visión de la historia universal, culminando en el nacimiento y afirmación del Imperio Romano. La relación con el judaísmo aparece, por tanto, también en Orosio (como en otros autores cristianos antiguos) de doble naturaleza: complementariedad y, al mismo tiempo, rivalidad y rechazo. Por otra parte, se reformulan las intuiciones que el teólogo alemán Erik Peterson había propuesto en una serie de estudios de los años treinta del siglo pasado, precisamente sobre la aplicabilidad de la Augustus-Theologie a la obra de Orosio". ; ABSTRACT "This doctoral thesis aims at analysing the Christian political theology of Orosius, who lived between the 4th and 5th centuries, focusing on the relations between "Judaism" (in its various historical-cultural declinations in a late antique world that is more complex and kaleidoscopic) and Augustus-Theologie within his historical work, the Historiae adversus paganos. On the one hand, Orosius approaches Jewish history closely in his work, always in the light of its correlations with Christian history and with a vision of universal history, culminating in the birth and affirmation of the Roman Empire. Therefore, also in Orosius (as in other ancient Christian authors) the relationship with Judaism has a twofold nature: complementarity and, at the same time, rivalry and rejection. On the other hand, the intuitions proposed by the German theologian Erik Peterson in a series of studies published in the 1930s are reformulated, precisely on the applicability of Augustus-Theologie to Orosius's Historiae".

In the immediate aftermath of the French liberation, theaters across the country began to project movies centered around the recent conflict. Between 1944 and 1950, World War II was the central theme of more than 302 films. However, these films came from different countries; they were not produced at the exact same time; they did not depict the conflict through the same angle; and more importantly, they did not cover the same class of war victims. Wide differences exist between a French chronicle of the Occupation and a U.S. war movie, a depiction of the homecoming of Italian prisoners and the story of soviet resistance or a narration of British citizens' everyday life during the war. At the time, the response of the French audience and critics to these diverse movie releases varied greatly too. By studying these movies and their reception at the time of their releases, the present study informs our understanding of the emergence of the French mythology surrounding this major conflict. In three chapters, I analyze the cinematographic depictions of various groups of war victims in movies of this era, as well as the audience and critics' response at the time. In the first chapter, I describe the theoretical underpinnings of the cinema history, as well as the narration of World War II as presented by these movies, using statistics specifically collected for this study. The two following chapters offer a series of representative case studies. I first focus on different groups of victims actively involved in the conflict: militaries on and off the front-lines, members of the resistance, and spies and assimilated individuals. I then study the non-fighting victims: civilians under the occupation, civilians living in the free zone, homecoming prisoners, members of the Jewish community and other victims of antisemitism, and finally, the children. ; Dès les premiers jours de la Libération, de nombreux films sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale vont être projetés dans les salles de cinéma françaises. Entre la fin de l'année 1944 ...

In the immediate aftermath of the French liberation, theaters across the country began to project movies centered around the recent conflict. Between 1944 and 1950, World War II was the central theme of more than 302 films. However, these films came from different countries; they were not produced at the exact same time; they did not depict the conflict through the same angle; and more importantly, they did not cover the same class of war victims. Wide differences exist between a French chronicle of the Occupation and a U.S. war movie, a depiction of the homecoming of Italian prisoners and the story of soviet resistance or a narration of British citizens' everyday life during the war. At the time, the response of the French audience and critics to these diverse movie releases varied greatly too. By studying these movies and their reception at the time of their releases, the present study informs our understanding of the emergence of the French mythology surrounding this major conflict. In three chapters, I analyze the cinematographic depictions of various groups of war victims in movies of this era, as well as the audience and critics' response at the time. In the first chapter, I describe the theoretical underpinnings of the cinema history, as well as the narration of World War II as presented by these movies, using statistics specifically collected for this study. The two following chapters offer a series of representative case studies. I first focus on different groups of victims actively involved in the conflict: militaries on and off the front-lines, members of the resistance, and spies and assimilated individuals. I then study the non-fighting victims: civilians under the occupation, civilians living in the free zone, homecoming prisoners, members of the Jewish community and other victims of antisemitism, and finally, the children. ; Dès les premiers jours de la Libération, de nombreux films sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale vont être projetés dans les salles de cinéma françaises. Entre la fin de l'année 1944 ...

Drinking vodka with anti-Semites. A case study of 'Polish-Jewish relations' todayThis text analyzes the events that occurred between December 31, 2016 and January 6, 2017, namely the 'scandal' at the Café Foksal pub in Warsaw and its ramifications, as well as the simultaneous attacks on the Prince Kebab shop in Ełk. Both events were local or, many would venture to say, marginal. It is not my intention to attribute great importance to them. I rather treat them as meaningful case studies which exemplify how anti-Semitism operates in Polish culture at present and, probably more importantly, the roadblock encountered when problematizing anti-Semitism. These allegedly insignificant events from the turn of 2016–2017 are an excellent illustration of the conditions that Jews and other individuals perceived to be non-Polish have to accept in order to ensure relative safety to themselves. I discuss these events as a certain spectacle, whose actors played either the roles they chose or the only roles available to them (perpetrator, victim, bystander, and mediator). I also suggest viewing these events from the point of view of certain elements of Polish history. Pijąc wódkę z antysemitami. Case study "relacji polsko‑żydowskich" współcześnieTekst stanowi analizę zdarzeń, które miały miejsce między 31 grudnia 2016 a 6 stycznia 2017: "afery" w warszawskiej Cafe Foksal i jej następstw oraz dziejących się równolegle ataków na bar Prince Kebab w Ełku. Zdarzeń o charakterze lokalnym, a wielu powiedziałoby także: marginalnym. Moim celem nie jest przypisywanie im wielkiego znaczenia. Traktuję je natomiast jako symptomatyczne case study, na przykładzie którego widać funkcjonowanie antysemityzmu w polskiej kulturze dzisiaj i – co może bardziej istotne – blokady, na jakie napotyka jego problematyzowanie. Te pozornie nieistotne zdarzenia z przełomu 2016–2017 znakomicie pokazują, na jakie warunki muszą przystać Żydzi i inne jednostki postrzegane jako nie-polskie, by zapewnić sobie względne bezpieczeństwo. Omawiam te zdarzenia jako swoisty spektakl, podczas którego określone podmioty wchodziły w wybrane lub w jedyne dostępne im role (sprawcy, ofiary, świadka, rozjemcy). Proponuję także, by na zdarzenia te spojrzeć przez pryzmat wybranych elementów polskiej historii.

Feminist scholars interested in the thought of Hannah Arendt have often criticized her for excluding the questions of gender and sexuality from her political philosophy. Early readers, such as Adrienne Rich, Mary O'Brien, Hanna Pitkin and Wendy Brown present Arendt as a 'masculine thinker', a theorist who dismisses fundamental aspects of the human condition, such as embodiment, emotions and biological reproduction. In striking contrast, theorists motivated by an ethics of sexual difference, such as Adriana Cavarero and Julia Kristeva most notably, cherish Arendt as a feminine thinker, even as a 'female genius'. Th is paper examines a highly marginal, but original, queertheoretical interest in Arendt's works. I show how a number of gay- and queer-studies scholars, since the late 1980s have used Arendt as an ally in theorizing lesbian and gay rights as well as for understanding how the 'closet' operates in the production of myths about sexuality, race and gender. These readings that integrate feminist-, gayand queer-scholarship do not look at gender and sexuality in Arendt's writings by asking whether Arendt qualifies as a feminist, whether she had anything significant to say about women, or whether or not she was a masculine thinker. They are instead concerned with the question of how certain groups of people come to be viewed as naturally inferior, as genetically predestined to remain so, and hence legitimately subjected to shame, unequal treatment and even annihilation. Why this is particularly important for a feminist project, is that crucial to this process of defaming is the 'effemination' and 'social gaslighting' of certain groups of people (Jewish and homosexual men in this case) as well as the pathologizing of so called 'effeminate characteristics'. This raises a number of important questions: why is it, that effeminacy is needed for justifying the imprisoning, assaulting and murdering of certain persons? Furthermore, what do various moral, medical and political techniques of effeminizing reveal about a society, and more importantly, about the formation of the nation-State?

Studies on Castilian medieval ant Judaism tend to focus on the cataclysmic events of the history of the Christian-Jewish relationship. Thus, the historical event implying the coincidence of the predication campaign run by the Valencian San Vicente Ferrer as well as the emergence of a legal device —the «Leyes de Ayllón» in 1412— seeking to restrict the social and economic reproduction of the Jews and aiming at compelling them to conversion, has been mentioned but not studied. The convergence of events responds both to the will of the social actors involved and to a specific historical and political situation linked to the development of Castilian ant Judaism during the fifteenth century. Therefore, 1412 appears to be a landmark in the history of discourse and praxis of ant Judaism in Castile. It allows us to elucidate the way in which the construction of the other —the Jews— implies a dialogue between a religious discourse and a political sign of marginalization and exclusion. ; Los estudios sobre el antijudaísmo medieval castellano tienden a concentrarse en los acontecimientos cataclísmicos de la historia de las relaciones cristianojudías. Así, el acontecimiento histórico que implica la coincidencia de la campaña de predicación del valenciano San Vicente Ferrer y la emergencia de un dispositivo legal —Las leyes de Ayllón, 1412— que buscan constreñir la reproducción social y económica de los judíos, con el objetivo de compelerlos a la conversión, ha sido citada pero no estudiada. La convergencia de ambos acontecimientos responde tanto a la voluntad de los actores sociales involucrados, como a una situación histórico-política determinada, ligada al desarrollo del antijudaísmo castellano durante el siglo xv. Entonces, 1412 se nos presenta como un hito en la historia del discurso y la praxis antijudíos castellanos. Esto nos permite dilucidar la forma en que la construcción del otro —un otro judío— supone un diálogo entre discurso religioso y el gesto político de marginalización y exclusión.

Jerusalem is the declared capital of Israel, fundamental to Jewish tradition, and a contested city, part of the Israel–Palestine conflict. Departing from an analysis of mainly interviews and policy documents, this study aims to analyze the interplay between the Israeli identity politics of Jerusalem and city planning. The role of the city is related to discursive struggles between traditional, new, and post-Zionism. One conclusion is that the Israeli claim to the city is firmly anchored in a master commemorative narrative stating that Jerusalem is the eternal and indivisible capital of Israel. A second conclusion is that there is a constant interplay between Israeli identity politics, city policy, and planning practice, through specific strategies of territoriality. The goals of the strategies are to create a political, historical and religious, ethnic, economic, and exclusive capital. Planning policies are mainly focused on uniting the city through housing projects in East Jerusalem, rehabilitating historic heritage, ancestry, and landscapes, city center renewal, demographic balance, and economic growth, mainly through tourism and industrial development. An analysis of coping strategies shows that Jerusalem planners relate to identity politics by adopting a self-image of being professional, and by blaming the planning system for opening up to ideational impact. Depending on the issue, a planner adopts a reactive role as a bureaucrat or an expert, or an active role, such mobilizer or an advocate. One conclusion drawn from the "Safdie Plan" process is that traditional Zionism and the dominant collective planning doctrine are being challenged. An alliance of environmental movements, politicians from left and right, and citizens, mobilized a campaign against the plan that was intended to develop the western outskirts of Jerusalem. The rejection of the plan challenged the established political leadership, it opened up for an expansion to the east, and strengthened Green Zionism, but the result is also a challenge to the housing needs of Jerusalem. ; Författaren tillhör även "Forskarskolan Urbana och Regionala Studier – Städer och regioner i förändring"