Suchergebnisse

Mosaic floor pavements have been used as functional architectural ornamentation throughout the world for thousands of years. Small mosaic tiles, called tesserae, traditionally include stones, marbles, backed clays, glass and other materials in an endless spectrum of colors and textures. The art of arranging mosaic tesserae into patterns or pictorial representations and setting them in a bed of cement results in a remarkably durable floor as well as a decorative element within architectural interiors and exteriors. However, as desirable as they are for their durability, mosaic floor pavements are not without their vulnerabilities. Pleasant Home, also known as the John Farson House, is a historic house museum located in the historic community of Oak Park, Illinois, a village known for its architectural significance. Designed in 1897 by prominent architect George Washington Maher, the house is a particularly notable early example of a Prairie Style home and is a National Historic Landmark, the highest designation given by the United States government for sites of outstanding historic significance. The Summer Dining Porch, located in the southwest corner of Pleasant Home, contains a mosaic floor pavement comprised of Carrara marble and ceramic tesserae. The floor exhibits two long cracks in the mosaic floor, which has resulted over time due to the corrosion of two 7-foot long!-beams beneath the porch floor slab. In 2013, the Summer Dining Porch underwent a restoration that included stabilizing and repairing the corroded 1-beams. The cracks in the mosaic floor remain, but were filled in with tinted tile grout. The purpose of this thesis is to produce compatible ceramic tesserae, which can be used to fill to two floor cracks of the Summer Dining Porch Mosaic. Replacement ceramic tesserae will be donated to The Pleasant Home foundation to be used for potential future restoration of the Summer Dining Porch Mosaic. Documentation of the colors and qualities of the tesserae, the overall design, and current conditions of the mosaic floor was undertaken. The floor cracks and adjacent tesserae were studied in detail, noting differences in surface level, the undulating width of the floor cracks, and the condition of adjacent tesserae. Research and experimentation with clay body recipes, colorants, and firing variations were undertaken in the effort to produce tesserae that match the original mosaic floor in color, size, luster, durability, and craftsmanship.

Despite increases in foreign aid inflow to Haiti, the country remains one of the poorest in the world. Findings regarding the benefits of foreign aid have been inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative, archival study was to examine the extent to which total foreign aid explained gross domestic savings, gross domestic investment, and GDP growth rates in Haiti from 1975 to 2010 after 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year time lags. Foreign aid was disaggregated into grants and concessional loans. Data were drawn from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development from 1970 to 2010. To analyze the extent to which total foreign aid predicted gross domestic savings and gross domestic investment, weighted least squares regression analyses were conducted, with per capita income, interest rates, and inflation rates as covariates. To examine the degree to which total foreign aid predicted GDP growth rates, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted, with consumption, government spending, gross domestic investment, and net trade balance as covariates. Foreign aid did not predict gross domestic savings for 3-year time lag, F (5, 30) = 1.32, p =.28; 4-year time lag, F (5, 30) = 1.24, p =.32, or 5-year time lag, F(5,30) = 1.30, p =.15. Foreign aid did not predict gross domestic investment for 3-year time lag, F(5, 30) = 1.49, p =.22; 4-year time lag, F(5,30)= 1.73, p =.16, or 5-year time lag, F(5, 30) = 2.29, p =.07. Foreign aid did not predict GDP growth rates for 3-year time lag, F(6, 29), p =.44; 4-year time lag, F(6, 29) = 1.11, p =.38, or 5-year time lag F(6, 29) = 0.83, p =.56. Findings showed that foreign aid inflows to Haiti have not predicted improved economic development. Future research should focus on determining the relationship between foreign aid and government investment in infrastructure, education, health, and social projects. The discussion should shift from whether foreign aid flows to developing countries are effective to how to make the allocation of foreign aid inflows more effective. The result would be improved use of the inflow of foreign aid and improved economic and social progress in developing nations.

Gesundheitsbezogene Studien zeigen, dass sich der Gesundheitszustand der Kinder in den letzten Jahren deutlich verschlechtert hat. "Zivilisationskrankheiten", die vorwiegend durch Bewegungsmangel und falscher Ernährung verursacht werden, treten immer häufiger auf. Die Folgen können ein schlechter wahrgenommenes Wohlbefinden und eine geringere Lebenserwartung sein. Der Erwerb von Schutzressourcen könnte dem entgegenwirken. Aufbauend auf den Stand der Forschung ergibt sich folgende Forschungsfrage: "Inwieweit ist das gesundheitliche Konzept des sozialpädagogischen Projekts "Hopsi Hopper" umsetzbar?" Die Ziele sind aufzuzeigen, wie Gesundheitsprojekte nachhaltig geplant und durchgeführt werden können, welchen Nutzen die Kinder von den Projekten haben, welche pädagogischen Ansätze angewendet werden und welche Schwierigkeiten bei der Durchführung von Gesundheitsprojekten auftreten können. Die Untersuchung wurde mittels Evaluation (Befragung und Beobachtung) durchgeführt und die qualitativen Daten wurden durch die Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Zusammenfassend lässt sich zeigen, dass gesundheitsfördernde Projekte bereits im Kindesalter angesetzt werden sollen, um den größten Erfolg zu gewährleisten bzw. eventuelle zukünftige Probleme entgegenzuwirken. Das Projekt "Hopsi Hopper" ist als Gesundheitsprojekt sehr gut aufge-baut, es wird auf die Kinder eingegangen, ein hoher Kompetenzerwerb erzielt und die pädagogischen Ansätze (Partizipation, Empowerment, Lebensweltorientierung nach Thiersch) werden angewendet. Dennoch können die Ziele nicht nachhaltig erreicht wer-den, da das Projekt in den meisten Fällen lediglich für eine kurze Phase gratis angeboten wird, u.a. da die finanzielle Unterstützung von Seiten der Politik fehlt. ; According to health promotion studies, childrens health status has deteriorated significantly over the last years. Diseases of civilization, which are mainly caused by lack of exercise and poor diet, occur more frequently and usually result in malaise and lower life expectancy. This could be prevented by the acquisition of protective resources. Based on the most recent research the following question emerges: "To what extent is it possible to translate the health concept of the project "Hopsi Hopper" into action?" The theses aims at showing how healthcare projects can be conducted sustainably, to what extent children profit from these projects, whether or not pedagogical approaches and educational strate-gies are integrated, and how challenging it is to implement healthcare projects. The inves-tigation was conducted by means of evaluations (survey and observation), and analysed using Mayrings approach to qualitative content analysis. Among the findings are that health promoting projects should be started in the childhood in order to ensure successful outcomes and effectively avoid future problems. The healthcare project "Hopsi Hopper" is well structured, insofar as the needs of children are properly responded to, a high level of skill acquisition is achieved, and pedagogical approaches are applied. However, due to a lack of financial support from the government, the project remains free of charge only for a short period of time, which is why several objectives still cannot be achieved. ; vorgelegt von Bettina Hubmann ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)770415

Seit der EU-Osterweiterung in den Jahren 2004 und 2007 ist in Österreich ein Anstieg obdachloser Menschen aus Osteuropa zu bemerken. Diese Entwicklung stellt eine Herausforderung für Politik, Gesellschaft und Soziale Arbeit dar. In dieser Forschungsarbeit werden die Lebenslagen obdachloser EU-Binnenmigrant/innen ermittelt und Herausforderungen und Chancen der Sozialberatung erarbeitet. Dazu werden Interviews mit Expert/innen in Wien und Graz geführt. Bestätigt werden kann, dass der Großteil der Klient/innen in den niederschwelligen Sozialeinrichtungen aufgrund von ökonomischen Ursachen migriert. Ihr Hauptanliegen ist es in Österreich Arbeit zu finden, um etwa die Existenz ihrer Familie zu gewährleisten und um normal wohnen zu können. Strenge rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und Beschränkungen zum Sozialsystem verschärfen die Lage von Migrant/innen in finanziellen Notlagen. Die Betroffenen sind folglich gezwungen illegale oder prekäre Beschäftigungen einzugehen. Wenn diese Menschen alt oder krank sind, gibt es für sie keine staatlichen Hilfen. Weil die Situation in den Herkunftsländern aber noch schlimmer ist, sind die Betroffenen auf wenige Grundversorgungseinrichtungen in Österreich angewiesen. Einen Ausweg aus der Obdachlosigkeit bieten diese nicht. Aufgrund der heterogenen Bedarfslagen müssen Maßnahmen, die am Einzelfall ansetzen, wie die Sozialberatung, verstärkt werden. Individuelle Wohnprojekte, die die Eigenständigkeit der Migrant/innen fördern, stellen einen Lösungsansatz dar. Ob die Umstände für diese Menschen sozialer gestaltet werden können, hängt jedoch von politischen Entscheidungen ab. ; Since the EU-enlargement in the years 2004 and 2007 an increase of homeless people from Eastern Europe has been noticed in Austria. This trend is a challenge for policy, society and social work. Thus, this research shows the distresses of homeless people migrating within the EU and ascertains challenges and chances of social counselling. According to this, interviews with experts in Vienna and Graz have been conducted. This thesis confirms, that the majority of clients in low-threshold social services migrates due to economic reasons. The main concern is to find a job in Austria to make the existence of the family sure or to live in normal circumstances. Strict conditions in law and health and welfare system exacerbate the situation of migrants in financial distresses. Consequently, affected people are forced to enter unlawful or precarious employment. When these people are old or ill, they get no help from the state. The situation in their homeland is even worse and therefore they are dependent on the provision of basis supplies in Austria. But this provides no way out of homelessness. Because of heterogeneous needs, measures considering the individual case, like social counselling, have to be intensified. Individual housing projects which enforce the independence of homeless migrants offer a solution. It will depend on political decisions, if the circumstances for these people become more social. ; vorgelegt von Elisabeth Gösweiner ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 ; (VLID)814803

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aufzuzeigen, welchen Beitrag das Referat Frauen & Gleichstellung Graz seit seiner Gründung im Jahr 1993 geleistet hat bzw. aktuell leistet. Im ersten Teil wird ein Überblick über die völkerrechtlichen, europäischen und österreichischen Rechtsnormen, in denen die Rechte von Frauen niedergeschrieben sind, gegeben. Im zweiten Teil wird das Referat vorgestellt und Frauenförderung und Gleichstellung in der Stadt Graz thematisiert. Die Arbeitsschwerpunkte des Referats sind Mutterschaft, Schwangerschaftsabbruch, Schönheitsideale, Gewalt, Handwerk und Technik, Angebote für Mädchen, Information über Frauenförderung, Frauen in der Stadt Graz, Sichtbarmachen von Frauen, Armut, Erwerbsarbeit, Kunst und Kultur und Frauengesundheit. Diese Themenschwerpunkte sowie die durch das Referat subventionierten Einrichtungen stellen einen Überblick über die Tätigkeiten und Wirkungsbereiche in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren dar. Im dritten Abschnitt findet sich der praktische Teil der Arbeit. Es wurden Interviews mit den ehemals tätigen und derzeit amtierenden Stadträtinnen und Referatsleiterinnen geführt. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass das Referat durch seine Angebote einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Frauenförderung und Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern in der Stadt Graz leistet. Im Bereich der Frauenförderung werden weiterhin zielgruppenspezifische Angebote gestellt und im Hinblick auf die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter wird es weiterhin darum gehen, national und international gut vernetzt zu bleiben und sich für Veränderungen einzusetzen. ; The aim of this masters thesis is to point out the contribution the Department for Women & Gender Equality Graz has made, and is still making, since its foundation in 1993. The first part of the paper gives an overview of International, European and Austrian law on womens rights. The second provides a short presentation of the Department for Women & Gender Equality Graz as well as information about the promotion of women and gender equality in Graz. The main focus of the departments work are motherhood, abortion, ideals of beauty, violence, craft and technique, services for girls, information about womens empowerment, women in the city of Graz, making women visible, poverty, gainful employment, art and culture, and womens health. These topics along with the organisations subsidised by the department can be seen as a reflection of the area of activities in the past twenty years. The third section describes the research that has been conducted in the context of this paper, including interviews with former and present councillors and heads of the department. The results have shown that the department is making an outstanding contribution to the promotion of women and the equality of women and men in Graz. There will be further group-related activities aimed at womens empowerment. The main strategy for furthering gender equality will be to stay closely connected on a national and international level and to make an effort to foster change. ; vorgelegt von Julia Baumgartner M.A. ; Mag. Marlene Köttstorfer ; In der Verantwortlichkeitsangabe letztes a in Magister hochgestellt ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2015 ; (VLID)1009594

As forced migrants linger at the borders of the world's conflicts, refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo in Rwanda remain in camps where they have waited for 'durable solutions' to their geographic and political existence for nearly two decades. Protracted displacement such as this results from processes at the local, state, regional, and international levels, with consequences reverberating each of these levels, including insecurity, expenditure of already limited resources, and strained interstate political relationships. As refugees' stays extend to increasingly long periods of time, situations once assumed to be temporary take on a semblance of permanence. Forced displacement increasingly transitions to relatively durable living instances of conflict spillover, articulating the wider human impacts of such patterns of vital, and often understudied, outcomes of conflict and power struggles. Using a qualitative approach within a specific site of displacement in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, this study engages in dialog with notions of sovereignty, post-colonialism, social constructivism, burden-sharing, and social stratification to uncover the possible motivations for making refugee situations permanent. Home to approximately 16,000 Congolese refugees, Kiziba Camp in western Rwanda serves as a microcosm through which one can observe these multi-layered humanitarian aid and refugee hosting processes. By analyzing semi-structured interview and ethnographic data collected from Kiziba Camp in 2011, 2013, and 2014, interviews with key Rwandan government representatives, and existing media sources and nongovernmental organization reports, this research links the pursuit and maintenance of state sovereignty, as well as aspects of social construction at the local-level, with processes that contribute to protracted displacement. Analyses of this original data reveal intentional and unintentional factors emanating from state foreign and domestic policies, NGO disaster and humanitarian assistance rhetoric, as well as refugees' own conceptualization of citizenship, identity, and belonging that contribute to the durability refugee displacement. Through the personal narratives of community leaders of Kiziba Camp, this study begins to reveal a theory about state dependency on refugee hosting and the agency of refugees to imagine and define themselves, and how these factors contribute to a form of displacement that becomes increasingly durable over time.

WOS: 000356175100002 ; PubMed ID: 26058703 ; Background: The Turkish government has implemented several reforms to improve the Turkish Statistical Institute Death Reporting System (TURKSTAT-DRS) since 2009. However, there has been no assessment to evaluate the impact of these reforms on causes of death statistics. This study attempted to analyse the impact of these reforms on the TURKSTAT-DRS for Turkey, and in the case of Izmir, one of the most developed provinces in Turkey. Methods: The evaluation framework comprised three main components each with specific criteria. Firstly, data from TURKSTAT for Turkey and Izmir for the periods 2001-2008 and 2009-2013 were assessed in terms of the following dimensions that represent quality of mortality statistics (a. completeness of death registration, b. trends in proportions of deaths with ill-defined causes). Secondly, the quality of information recorded on individual death certificates from Izmir in 2010 was analysed for a. missing information, b. timeliness of death notifications and c. characteristics of deaths with ill-defined causes. Finally, TURKSTAT data were analysed to estimate life tables and summary mortality indicators for Turkey and Izmir, as well as the leading causes-of-death in Turkey in 2013. Results: Registration of adult deaths in Izmir as well as at the national level for Turkey has considerably improved since the introduction of reforms in 2009, along with marked decline in the proportions of deaths assigned ill-defined causes. Death certificates from Izmir indicated significant gaps in recorded information for demographic as well as epidemiological variables, particularly for infant deaths, and in the detailed recording of causes of death. Life expectancy at birth estimated from local data is 3-4 years higher than similar estimates for Turkey from international studies, and this requires further investigation and confirmation. Conclusion: The TURKSTAT-DRS is now an improved source of mortality and cause of death statistics for Turkey. The reliability and validity of TURKSTAT data needs to be established through a detailed research program to evaluate completeness of death registration and validity of registered causes of death. Similar evaluation and data analysis of mortality indicators is required at regular intervals at national and sub-national level, to increase confidence in their utility as primary data for epidemiology and health policy.

WOS: 000356175100002 ; PubMed ID: 26058703 ; Background: The Turkish government has implemented several reforms to improve the Turkish Statistical Institute Death Reporting System (TURKSTAT-DRS) since 2009. However, there has been no assessment to evaluate the impact of these reforms on causes of death statistics. This study attempted to analyse the impact of these reforms on the TURKSTAT-DRS for Turkey, and in the case of Izmir, one of the most developed provinces in Turkey. Methods: The evaluation framework comprised three main components each with specific criteria. Firstly, data from TURKSTAT for Turkey and Izmir for the periods 2001-2008 and 2009-2013 were assessed in terms of the following dimensions that represent quality of mortality statistics (a. completeness of death registration, b. trends in proportions of deaths with ill-defined causes). Secondly, the quality of information recorded on individual death certificates from Izmir in 2010 was analysed for a. missing information, b. timeliness of death notifications and c. characteristics of deaths with ill-defined causes. Finally, TURKSTAT data were analysed to estimate life tables and summary mortality indicators for Turkey and Izmir, as well as the leading causes-of-death in Turkey in 2013. Results: Registration of adult deaths in Izmir as well as at the national level for Turkey has considerably improved since the introduction of reforms in 2009, along with marked decline in the proportions of deaths assigned ill-defined causes. Death certificates from Izmir indicated significant gaps in recorded information for demographic as well as epidemiological variables, particularly for infant deaths, and in the detailed recording of causes of death. Life expectancy at birth estimated from local data is 3-4 years higher than similar estimates for Turkey from international studies, and this requires further investigation and confirmation. Conclusion: The TURKSTAT-DRS is now an improved source of mortality and cause of death statistics for Turkey. The reliability and validity of TURKSTAT data needs to be established through a detailed research program to evaluate completeness of death registration and validity of registered causes of death. Similar evaluation and data analysis of mortality indicators is required at regular intervals at national and sub-national level, to increase confidence in their utility as primary data for epidemiology and health policy.

WOS: 000356175100002 ; PubMed ID: 26058703 ; Background: The Turkish government has implemented several reforms to improve the Turkish Statistical Institute Death Reporting System (TURKSTAT-DRS) since 2009. However, there has been no assessment to evaluate the impact of these reforms on causes of death statistics. This study attempted to analyse the impact of these reforms on the TURKSTAT-DRS for Turkey, and in the case of Izmir, one of the most developed provinces in Turkey. Methods: The evaluation framework comprised three main components each with specific criteria. Firstly, data from TURKSTAT for Turkey and Izmir for the periods 2001-2008 and 2009-2013 were assessed in terms of the following dimensions that represent quality of mortality statistics (a. completeness of death registration, b. trends in proportions of deaths with ill-defined causes). Secondly, the quality of information recorded on individual death certificates from Izmir in 2010 was analysed for a. missing information, b. timeliness of death notifications and c. characteristics of deaths with ill-defined causes. Finally, TURKSTAT data were analysed to estimate life tables and summary mortality indicators for Turkey and Izmir, as well as the leading causes-of-death in Turkey in 2013. Results: Registration of adult deaths in Izmir as well as at the national level for Turkey has considerably improved since the introduction of reforms in 2009, along with marked decline in the proportions of deaths assigned ill-defined causes. Death certificates from Izmir indicated significant gaps in recorded information for demographic as well as epidemiological variables, particularly for infant deaths, and in the detailed recording of causes of death. Life expectancy at birth estimated from local data is 3-4 years higher than similar estimates for Turkey from international studies, and this requires further investigation and confirmation. Conclusion: The TURKSTAT-DRS is now an improved source of mortality and cause of death statistics for Turkey. The reliability and validity of TURKSTAT data needs to be established through a detailed research program to evaluate completeness of death registration and validity of registered causes of death. Similar evaluation and data analysis of mortality indicators is required at regular intervals at national and sub-national level, to increase confidence in their utility as primary data for epidemiology and health policy.

En este trabajo se analiza el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SNCTI) y la forma en que influye en el desarrollo sustentable en México. Se aborda un aspecto histórico que data del año 1950, momento en el que se crea el Instituto Nacional de la Investigación Científica. Se reporta la evolución del SNCTI que incluye su organización, los fondos de operación, la formación de recursos humanos y su relación con el sector privado. Se examina la forma en que el sistema ha influido en el desarrollo del conocimiento y de la tecnología en materia ambiental, así como las capacidades con que cuenta el país para la formación de recursos humanos en el tema. También se relaciona a este Sistema con diferentes programas que cada administración del Gobierno Federal crea para fortalecer al desarrollo sustentable en México. ; This paper analyzes the Science, Technology and Innovation National System (SNCTI by its acronym in Spanish) and how it influences the sustainable development in Mexico. In this article, we approach the topic by a historical view since 1950, when the National Institute of Scientific Research was established. We report the evolution of SNCTI including its organization, operating funds, human resources and its relationship with the private sector. It examines how the system influenced the development of knowledge and technology on the environment, and the capacities of the country to train human resources in the area. Moreover, this system will be related with different programs that the Federal Government administration create for the sustainable development in Mexico. ; Este trabalho analisa o Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (SNCTI) e sua influência no desenvolvimento sustentável no México. Apresenta-se abordagem histórica, que remonta a 1950, quando o Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica criado. Reporta-se a evolução do SNCTI incluindo a sua organização, os fundos operacionais, a formação de recursos humanos e sua relação com o setor privado. É examinado a forma como o sistema tem influenciado o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e da tecnologia em questões ambientais, bem como os recursos disponíveis para o país para a formação de recursos humanos na área. Também é realizada uma análise que relaciona o SNCTI com os diferentes programas de cada administração do Governo Federal com o objetivo de fortalecer o desenvolvimento sustentável no México.

La presente investigación describe los estilos de crianza, desde la tipología de Baumrind (1967, 1971), de familias migrantes, se intenta caracterizar a éstas según la Perspectiva Estructural de Minuchin (1982), conociendo las formas de crianza adoptadas se puede plantear a nivel psico – educativo estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de los/as niños/as. Se aplicó el enfoque cuali- cuantitativo mediante el Cuestionario "Estudio socio educativo de hábitos y tendencias de comportamiento en familias con niños de educación infantil" de Susana Torio (2008) y adaptado por el Proyecto "Estilos de Educación Familiar en la Ciudad de Cuenca" de la Universidad de Cuenca, a 32 familias que pertenecen a dos escuelas fiscales: "Manuel Ramón Balarezo" y "Francisco Eugenio Tamariz" de la parroquia Nulti del cantón Cuenca, y la entrevista semi- estructurada a 13 familias, 11 de la escuela central de Nulti y 2 de la escuela de Chaullabamba para conocer su estructura. Los instrumentos permitieron obtener los siguientes resultados: el 39% tienen un estilo autoritario, el 32%, un estilo democrático, el 6% indica un estilo de crianza permisivo y un 23% un estilo no definido. ; The present research, describe parenting styles from the type of Baumrind (1967,1971) migrant families, It is attempted to characterize them according to the Structural Perspective Minuchin (1982), by knowing the ways of parenting adopted can raise a psycho - educative level strategies to improve the quality of life of the children. It was applied the approach qualitative - quantitative by the questionnaire "study socio educative of habits and tendencies of behavior in families with children in infant education" by Susana Torio (2008) and adapted by the project "Family Education Style in the City of Cuenca" at the University of Cuenca, 32 families which belong to two public schools: "Manuel Ramón Balarezo" and "Francisco Eugenio Tamariz" of the parish Nulti of the canton Cuenca, and semi-structured interview to 13 families, 11 of the Central School and 2 Nulti School Chaullabamba to know its structure. The instrument allowed to obtain the following results: 39% have an authoritarian style, 32%, a democratic style, 6% indicates a permissive rearing style and 23% undefined style. ; Magíster en Psicoterapia del Niño y de la Famila ; Cuenca

The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics 139.21 (2013): 214113 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/139/21/10.1063/1.4834696 ; The Stokes-Einstein relation for the self-diffusion coefficient of a spherical particle suspended in an incompressible fluid is an asymptotic result in the limit of large Schmidt number, that is, when momentum diffuses much faster than the particle. When the Schmidt number is moderate, which happens in most particle methods for hydrodynamics, deviations from the Stokes-Einstein prediction are expected. We study these corrections computationally using a recently developed minimally resolved method for coupling particles to an incompressible fluctuating fluid in both two and three dimensions. We find that for moderate Schmidt numbers the diffusion coefficient is reduced relative to the Stokes-Einstein prediction by an amount inversely proportional to the Schmidt number in both two and three dimensions. We find, however, that the Einstein formula is obeyed at all Schmidt numbers, consistent with linear response theory. The mismatch arises because thermal fluctuations affect the drag coefficient for a particle due to the nonlinear nature of the fluid-particle coupling. The numerical data are in good agreement with an approximate self-consistent theory, which can be used to estimate finite-Schmidt number corrections in a variety of methods. Our results indicate that the corrections to the Stokes-Einstein formula come primarily from the fact that the particle itself diffuses together with the momentum. Our study separates effects coming from corrections to no-slip hydrodynamics from those of finite separation of time scales, allowing for a better understanding of widely observed deviations from the Stokes-Einstein prediction in particle methods such as molecular dynamics ; A. Donev was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550- 12-1-0356. R. Delgado-Buscalioni and F. Balboa acknowledge funding from the Spanish Government FIS2010-22047- C05 and from the Comunidad de Madrid MODELICO-CM (S2009/ESP-1691). Collaboration between A. Donev and R. Delgado-Buscalioni was fostered at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, California, and supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY05-51164

It is commonly accepted that species interactions such as granivory are more intense in the tropics. However, this has rarely been tested. A global dataset of post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates and vertebrates for 79 native plant species from semi-natural and natural terrestrial habitats ranging from 55° N to 45° S, was compiled from the global literature to test the hypothesis that post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates and vertebrates is more intense at lower latitudes. We also quantified the relationship between post-dispersal seed removal by vertebrates and by invertebrates to global climatic features including temperature, actual evapotranspiration (AET) and rainfall seasonality. Linear mixed effect models were applied to describe the relationships between seed removal and latitude, hemisphere and climatic variables controlling for the effect of seed mass. Post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates was negatively related to latitude. In contrast, postdispersal seed removal by vertebrates was positively but weakly related to latitude. Mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration were positively related to post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates, but not to post-dispersal seed removal by vertebrates, which was only marginally negatively related to rainfall seasonality. The inclusion of seed mass improved the fit of all models, but the term for seed mass was not significant in any model. Although a good climatic model for predicting post-dispersal seed predation by vertebrates at the global level was not found, our results suggest different and opposite latitudinal patterns of post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates vs vertebrates. This is the first time that a negative relationship between post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates and latitude, and a positive relationship with temperature and AET have been documented at a global-scale. These results have important implications for understanding global patterns in plant-animal interactions, and the factors that shape plant reproductive ecology, and also for predicting how this plant-animal interaction might respond to climate change ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competition (Project CGL2011 24871), the Madrid Government (REMEDINAL2-S2009/AMB-1783), and the Spanish Ministry of Education (Salvador de Madariaga grant PR2011-0491 for the sabbatical of BP in the University of New South Wales). ATM was supported by a QEII fellowship from the Australian Research Council

In recent years the education of women has taken great relevance at the international, national and supranational level, as shown in the development of gender equality policies during the latest decades. This paper addresses international proposals in educational policies for gender equality, which have delved into supranational and national scenarios, as is the case of the European Union and its member countries. After describing the initiatives launched by the European Union, the comparative method is used to study the case of 5 member countries: Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the UK. The study of these nations will be based on the indicators of the Beijing Platform for Action. This study aims to reveal common trends concerning education of women, during the decade 2000 to 2010. As a result of the conducted research, the section "conclusions and prospects" not only shows some highlights about the subject of this study, but also offers some proposals for a further improvement of gender equality in the educational field ; La educación de la mujer ha tomado, en los últimos años, gran relevancia en el plano internacional, nacional y supranacional, tal y como muestra el desarrollo de políticas de igualdad de género de las últimas décadas. En el presente artículo se abordan las políticas educativas en igualdad de género propuestas en el contexto internacional, que han ido calando hacia escenarios supranacionales, y nacionales, como es el caso de la Unión Europea, y sus países miembros. Tras describir las iniciativas puestas en marcha por la Unión Europea, se hace uso del método comparado para estudiar el caso concreto de 5 de los países miembros: Alemania, España, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido. El estudio de estas naciones se realizará en función de los indicadores propuestos en la plataforma de Beijing, lo que permitirá una detección de tendencias en la educación de la mujer durante la década 2000 a 2010. Finalmente, y fruto del estudio realizado, el apartado de conclusiones y prospectiva nos permitirá extraer unas reflexiones acerca del tema tratado, así como una breve descripción de propuestas para continuar caminando hacia una igualdad de género en el terreno educativo

Cette recherche s'intéresse à la médicalisation de la sexualité masculine au Brésil en se concentrant sur la création d'une nouvelle pharmacologie du sexe, au tournant du XXIe siècle, destinée à traiter la dysfonction érectile et la dite andropause. Elle souligne le nouvel accent mis sur la notion de santé sexuelle fondée sur l'accomplissement personnel et l'utilisation de médicaments et sur la promotion de l'intérêt masculin pour la performance sexuelle comme porte d'entrée vers le traitement de la santé de l'homme. La perspective théorique se base sur l'analyse anthropologique des réseaux sociotechniques sous-tendant ces processus. Outre des entretiens et une étude ethnographique de congrès médicaux et d'événements publics, la méthodologie repose sur une recherche documentaire dans les archives historiques, les matériaux divulgués et les sources gouvernementales. ; Esta investigação trata da medicalização da sexualidade masculina no Brasil, centrada na criação de uma nova farmacologia do sexo na passagem para o século XXI, via o foco na disfunção erétil e na chamada andropausa. Destaca-se a nova ênfase na noção de saúde sexual baseada no aprimoramento individual e uso de medicamentos, além da promoção do interesse masculino no desempenho sexual, como porta de entrada para se chegar ao tratamento da saúde do homem. A perspectiva teórica baseia-se na análise antropológica das redes sociotécnicas que circunscrevem estes processos. No que se refere à metodologia, foi realizada pesquisa documental em arquivos históricos, material de imprensa e fontes do governo, além de entrevistas e etnografia em congressos médicos e eventos públicos. ; This investigation deals with the medicalization of male sexuality in Brazil, focusing on the creation of a new pharmacology of sex in the transition to the Twenty-First Century, directed to treatment of erectile dysfunction and andropause. The article points to an emphasis on the notion of sexual health based on individual improvement and medication, as well as the promotion of interest in male sexual performance, as the gateway to the treatment of men's health. The theoretical approach is based on anthropology and social studies of science. With respect to methodology, documentary research was conducted in historical archives and contemporary sources (such as material and press releases from the government), interviews and ethnography in medical conferences and public events.