Suchergebnisse

This thesis addresses the impact of Internet of Things (IoT) development as well as its growing importance in the industry of big economies like China and shows the development of an IoT platform for real-time data acquisition and display on a web page. From the beginning of this decade, the Chinese government has been focusing on the development of new technologies like IoT devices and services by investing in fast-growing cities through the implementation of the so-called "Science Cities". A research carried out in China, that had as scope the use of IoT technologies, resulting in the knowledge that there is a need of the development of IoT devices to fulfill the industry requirements, thus a prototype for remote data monitoring using a microcontroller capable to connect to Wi-Fi networks is proposed. The system prototype that was developed is based on a client-server architecture following a Device-To- Gateway communication model using on-the-shelf components for the measurement of humidity and temperature as well as acquiring Global Position System (GPS) information. For this system, a web page interface was designed to display the collected readings. The maintenance, accuracy, and consistency of data, referring to the data integrity, was obtained in every test performed using the system prototype. This prototype was tested in static indoor environments, where the devices did not change their location during the test, and dynamic outdoor environments, where the devices were shifting locations during the test. The obtaining _findings of the prototype performance show 94.76% of data integrity on the indoor static test and 76.76% using the web page in the same conditions. On the other hand, the outdoor dynamic test achieved a maximum of 44.66% of data integrity, which dropped to 17.24% by using the web page. It is observed how the use of the web page results in a decrease of the data integrity mostly because of the network compatibility between the Wi-Fi device and frequency bands that the network vendor uses to connect to the internet. A test performed using an adaptive method, where the temperature was constantly being modified, resulted in an increase in the efficiency of how the data is saved in the storage device achieving a data reduction of 74% and a final Comma-Separated Values (CSV) _le size decrease of 75%. The data acquired is then used for further processing by calculating the position based on the GPS latitude and longitude, the velocity using an approach with backward differences and acceleration using an approach with centered differences. The experimental results show that the IoT system prototype can be used for the measurements of environmental variables on indoor and outdoor applications. ; Master of Science in Engineering

This paper puts forward an analysis on the income control and the migrant population permanence regularisation devices in Uruguay. It presents the legal and administrative frameworks at stake on "governing" a small population flow in regional terms but strongly themed as a social problem. The paper aims to visualize the current migration policies as a set of devices, on the one hand universalizing and homogenizing in their emphasis on documentation access; and on the other hand, restrictive and exclusive in the territorialized character of actions such as visa imposition and border militarization. From this, it seeks to understand the conflict between various actors in the field over the definition of whether or not there are integration policies with a rights-based approach for migrant population. The research is based on an anthropological reflexivity exercise over the researcher's participation in the disputes on redefining an inclusive migration policy. ; El artículo propone un análisis de los dispositivos de control de ingreso y regularización de la permanencia de población migrante en Uruguay. Presenta los marcos jurídicos y administrativos puestos en juego para "gobernar" un flujo de población escaso en términos regionales pero fuertemente tematizado como problema social. Propone visualizar las políticas migratorias vigentes como una serie de dispositivos, por un lado universalizantes y homogeneizadores en su énfasis en el acceso a la documentación; y por otro, restrictivos y excluyentes en el carácter territorializado de acciones como la imposición de visados y militarización de fronteras. A partir de esto, busca comprender la conflictividad entre diversos actores en el campo en torno a la definición de si existen o no políticas de integración con perspectiva de derechos para la población migrante. La propuesta parte de un ejercicio de reflexividad antropológica a partir del cual se analiza la participación de la investigadora en las disputas por la redefinición de una política migratoria inclusiva. ; O artigo propõe uma análise dos dispositivos de controle de entrada e regularização da permanência da população migrante no Uruguai. Apresenta as estruturas legais e administrativas colocadas em jogo para "governar" um pequeno fluxo populacional em termos regionais, mas fortemente tematizado como um problema social. Ele propõe visualizar as atuais políticas de migração como uma série de dispositivos, por um lado universalizantes e homogeneizantes em sua ênfase no acesso à documentação; por outro, restritivo e exclusivo na natureza territorializada de ações como imposição de vistos e militarização de fronteiras. A partir disso, busca-se entender o conflito entre vários atores no campo em torno da definição de se existem ou não políticas de integração com uma perspectiva de direitos para a população migrante. A proposta é baseada em um exercício de reflexividade antropológica, analisando a participação da pesquisadora em disputas pela redefinição de uma política de migração inclusiva.

The late nineteenth century, the continued presence of Andean migrants in the Río de la Plata region of Argentina has contributed to the development of unique socio-political and economic dynamics. This paper presents the challenges faced by two Andean civil associations in La Plata (Buenos Aires Province) in their dispute for both the urban space and their right to the city. The symbolic borders that constitute an 'Andean us' of migrants –and non-migrants- in dispute, dialogue and / or disagreement with municipality officers, and especially, with their most recent public policies, grant a political character to the public space. The ethnographic approach used to conduct this research has led to the development of particular relationships and roles in the field, while offering the possibility of exposing coercive trends in urban policy, which deserve to be revised by future governments in office. ; La presencia de migrantes andinos en la región rioplatense de Argentina ha sido una constante desde fines del siglo XIX y ha contribuido a la construcción de una dinámica sociopolítica y económica singular. En este trabajo son presentados los desafíos que enfrentan dos asociaciones civiles de La Plata (provincia de Buenos Aires) en la disputa por el espacio urbano y su derecho a la ciudad. Las fronteras simbólicas que configuran 'un nosotros andino' de migrantes –y no migrantes– en disputa, diálogo y/o desencuentro con agentes del municipio, y en especial con sus recientes políticas públicas, otorgan un carácter político al espacio público. Desde el enfoque etnográfico en el que se basa esta investigación, se da lugar a vínculos y roles durante el trabajo de campo, y fundamentalmente se advierte y motiva la posibilidad de dejar al descubierto tendencias coercitivas en la política urbana que merecen ser revisadas por las futuras gestiones. ; A presença de migrantes andinos na região do Rio da Prata na Argentina é uma constante desde o final do século XIX,valendo para a construção de uma dinâmica sócio-política e econômica única. Neste artigo, são apresentados os desafios enfrentados por duas associações civis andinas de La Plata (província de Buenos Aires) na disputa pelo espaço urbano e seu direito à cidade. As fronteiras simbólicas que compõem o 'nós andinos' de migrantes - e não-migrantes - em disputa, diálogo e / ou desacordo com agentes do municipio, e suas políticas públicas mais recentes, conferem um caráter político ao espaço público. A abordagem etnográfica na qual esta pesquisa é baseado dá origem a vínculos e papéis durante o trabalho de campo e alerta e motiva fundamentalmente a possibilidade de revelando tendências coercitivas na política urbana que merecem ser revistas por esforços futuros.

This work seeks to reflect on the actions of a social group dedicated to the generation of housing projects in a middle Buenos Aires city of Argentina, based on considering the ideas of the State that are embodied in discourses, practices, relationships and concepts of social actors with which the ethnographic research was carried out. In this sense, thinking about the State in its multiple presences is a central analytical key to account for the generation of social relations and assets that not only allowed the local level to go beyond, but also enabled greater degrees of proximity and link with various officials and state agencies. But in addition, these aspects were productive in political terms to project actions in housing matters, at the same time that they operated in the legitimation and recognition of the group in terms of the processes of social and political production of the habitat. ; Con este trabajo se busca reflexionar respecto del accionar de una agrupación social abocada a la generación de proyectos habitacionales en una ciudad media bonaerense de Argentina a partir de considerar las ideas de Estado que se encarnan en discursos, prácticas, relaciones y conceptos de los actores sociales con los cuales se realizó la investigación etnográfica. En este sentido, pensar el Estado en sus múltiples presencias resulta una clave analítica central para dar cuenta de la generación de relaciones sociales y de bienes que no solo permitieron desbordar el nivel local, sino que también habilitaron mayores grados de proximidad y vinculación con diversos funcionarios y dependencias estatales. Pero además, estos aspectos resultaron productivos en términos políticos para proyectar acciones en materia habitacional, al tiempo que operaron en la legitimación y reconocimiento de la agrupación en lo que hace a los procesos de producción social y política del hábitat. ; Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a atuação de um grupo social dedicado à geração de empreendimentos habitacionais em uma cidade do centro de Buenos Aires na Argentina, a partir da consideração de ideias de Estado que se materializam em discursos, práticas, relações e conceitos de atores sociais. com o qual foi realizada a pesquisa etnográfica. Nesse sentido, pensar o Estado em suas múltiplas presenças é uma chave analítica central para dar conta da geração de relações sociais e patrimoniais que não só permitiram ir além do nível local, mas também possibilitaram maiores graus de proximidade e vínculo com diversos governantes. e agências estaduais. Mas, além disso, esses aspectos foram produtivos em termos políticos para projetar ações em matéria de habitação, ao mesmo tempo que operaram na legitimação e reconhecimento do grupo em termos dos processos de produção social e política do habitat.

Los conflictos armados tienen impactos diferenciados sobre las mujeres. En ese sentido, las organizaciones de mujeres de la sociedad civil se insertan en las arenas políticas internacionales a fin de garantizar sus derechos en los contextos bélicos. En el caso de los conflictos ocurridos en Colombia, se identifica la presencia de las mujeres no solo como combatientes y víctimas, sino también como integrantes de organizaciones civiles de mujeres para la construcción de la paz. Estas organizaciones tuvieron un papel destacado en la elaboración del Acuerdo de Paz entre el gobierno de Colombia y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) ocurrido en La Habana, Cuba, durante los años 2012 y 2016. Este artículo se propone a elaborar un análisis del estado de arte de la producción teórica sobre la paz, seguridad internacional, feminismo y subalternidad, para después presentar la coyuntura específica del conflicto en Colombia y sus perspectivas de género. Los resultados indican que los acuerdos de paz pueden ser instrumentos de inclusión política y de reparación de mujeres afectadas por conflictos armados. Al destacar el papel de las minorías políticas en las negociaciones internacionales para la paz en Colombia, esta investigación colabora para el desarrollo y la expansión de perspectivas críticas — feministas y de la subalternidad— de la seguridad internacional y los estudios para la paz. A partir del análisis específico del Acuerdo de La Habana, se tiene como objetivo contribuir a la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en futuros acuerdos de paz en regiones en conflicto ; Armed conflicts have different impacts on women. In this regard, women's civil society organizations are inserted in the international political arenas in order to guarantee their rights in warfare contexts. In the case of conflicts in Colombia, women are identified not only as combatants and victims, but also as members of women civil organizations for peacebuilding. These organizations played a prominent role in the elaboration of the peace agreement between the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in Havana, Cuba, between 2012 and 2016. This article proposes an analysis of the theoretical production on peace, international security, feminism and subalternity, to present the specific case of the conflict in Colombia and its gender perspectives. The results indicate that peace agreements can be instruments of political inclusion and reparation for women affected by armed conflicts. In highlighting the role of political minorities in the international peace negotiations in Colombia, this research contributes to the development and expansion of critical perspectives — feminist and subaltern— on international security and studies for peace. Moreover, building upon the specific analysis of the Havana Agreement, this paper aims to contribute to the inclusion of a gender perspective in future peace agreements

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, resulting in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The most aggressive arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/ARVC subtype is ARVC type 5 (ARVC5), caused by a p.S358L mutation in TMEM43 (transmembrane protein 43). The function and localization of TMEM43 are unknown, as is the mechanism by which the p.S358L mutation causes the disease. Here, we report the characterization of the first transgenic mouse model of ARVC5. Methods: We generated transgenic mice overexpressing TMEM43 in either its wild-type or p.S358L mutant (TMEM43-S358L) form in postnatal cardiomyocytes under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Results: We found that mice expressing TMEM43-S358L recapitulate the human disease and die at a young age. Mutant TMEM43 causes cardiomyocyte death and severe fibrofatty replacement. We also demonstrate that TMEM43 localizes at the nuclear membrane and interacts with emerin and β-actin. TMEM43-S358L shows partial delocalization to the cytoplasm, reduced interaction with emerin and β-actin, and activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Furthermore, we show that targeting cardiac fibrosis has no beneficial effect, whereas overexpression of the calcineurin splice variant calcineurin Aβ1 results in GSK3β inhibition and improved cardiac function and survival. Similarly, treatment of TMEM43 mutant mice with a GSK3β inhibitor improves cardiac function. Finally, human induced pluripotent stem cells bearing the p.S358L mutation also showed contractile dysfunction that was partially restored after GSK3β inhibition. Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that TMEM43-S358L leads to sustained cardiomyocyte death and fibrofatty replacement. Overexpression of calcineurin Aβ1 in TMEM43 mutant mice or chemical GSK3β inhibition improves cardiac function and increases mice life span. Our results pave the way toward new therapeutic approaches for ARVC5 ; his work was supported by grants from the European Union (CardioNeT-ITN-289600 and CardioNext-608027 to Dr Lara-Pezzi), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-096961-B-I00, SAF2015-65722-R, and SAF2012-31451 to Dr Lara-Pezzi; SAF2015-71863-REDT to Dr Garcia-Pavia), the Spanish Carlos III Institute of Health (PI14/0967 to Dr Garcia-Pavia, CPII14/00027 to Dr Lara-Pezzi; RD012/0042/0066 to Drs Garcia-Pavia and Lara-Pezzi), the Regional Government of Madrid (2010-BMD-2321 "Fibroteam" to Dr Lara-Pezzi), the Isabel Gemio Foundation (Todos somos Raros grant to Dr Garcia-Pavia), and the Spanish Society of Cardiology (2014 Basic Research Grant to Dr Garcia-Pavia). This work was also supported by the Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016–European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) "A way of making Europe," Spain

Background: Anurans largely rely on acoustic communication for sexual selection and reproduction. While multiple studies have focused on the calling activity patterns of prolonged breeding assemblages, species that concentrate their reproduction in short-time windows, explosive breeders, are still largely unknown, probably because of their ephemeral nature. In tropical regions, multiple species of explosive breeders may simultaneously aggregate leading to massive, mixed and dynamic choruses. To understand the environmental triggers, the phenology and composition of these choruses, we collected acoustic and environmental data at five ponds in French Guiana during a rainy season, assessing acoustic communities before and during explosive breeding events. Results: We detected in each pond two explosive breeding events, lasting between 24 and 70 h. The rainfall during the previous 48 h was the most important factor predicting the emergence of these events. During explosive breeding events, we identified a temporal factor that clearly distinguished pre- A nd mid-explosive communities. A common pool of explosive breeders co-occurred in most of the events, namely Chiasmocleis shudikarensis, Trachycephalus coriaceus and Ceratophrys cornuta. Nevertheless, the species composition was remarkably variable between ponds and for each pond between the first and the second events. The acoustic structure of explosive breeding communities had outlying levels of amplitude and unexpected low acoustic diversity, significantly lower than the communities preceding explosive breeding events. Conclusions: Explosive breeding communities were tightly linked with specific rainfall patterns. With climate change increasing rainfall variability in tropical regions, such communities may experience significant shifts in their timing, distribution and composition. In structurally similar habitats, located in the same region without obvious barriers, our results highlight the variation in composition across explosive breeding events. The characteristic acoustic structure of explosive breeding events stands out from the circadian acoustic environment being easily detected at long distance, probably reflecting behavioural singularities and conveying heterospecific information announcing the availability of short-lived breeding sites. Our data provides a baseline against which future changes, possibly linked to climate change, can be measured, contributing to a better understanding on the causes, patterns and consequences of these unique assemblages ; This research was supported by the Labex CEBA (Centre d'Étude de la Biodiversité Amazonienne), which provided fnancial and logistic support for the data collection. JSU was supported by COLCIENCIAS (Doctoral Scholarship of the Colombian government, 2014 call #646). DLL was supported by a Global Marie S. Curie fellowship (European Commission, program H2020, EAVESTROP–661408), a postdoctoral grant Atracción de Talento Investigador (Comunidad de Madrid, CAM, Spain, 2016-T2/AMB-1722), and acknowledges funding provided by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CGL2017-88764-R, MINECO/AEI/FEDER, Spain). None of the funders had any role in the design, analysis, interpretation of results or writing the manuscript

The combined use of a FGFR1 blocker and aromatase inhibitors is appealing for treating breast cancer patients with FGFR1 amplification. However, no pharmacodynamic studies have addressed the effects of this combined target modulation. We conducted a phase 0/I clinical trial in an adjuvant setting, with the goal of obtaining pharmacodynamic proof of the effects of combined aromatase and FGFR1 inhibition and to establish the RP2D for nintedanib combined with letrozole. Patients and methods: Women with early-stage luminal breast cancer were eligible for enrollment in the study. Dose level 1 was nintedanib (150 mg/bid) plus letrozole (2.5 mg/day) administered for a single 28-day cycle (DLT assessment period), followed by a classic 3 + 3 schedule. FGF23 and 17-B-estradiol levels were determined on days 0 and 15; pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed on days 1 and 28. Patients were allowed to continue treatment for 6 cycles. The primary study endpoint was a demonstration of FGFR1 modulation (defined as a 25% increase in the plasma FGF23 level). Results: A total of 19 patients were enrolled in the study (10 in the expansion cohort following dose escalation). At the RP2D (nintedanib 200 mg/bid plus letrozole 2.5 mg/day), we observed a 55% mean increase in the plasma FGF23 level, and 81.2% of the patients had no detectable level of 17-B-estradiol in their plasma (87.5% of the patients treated with letrozole alone). Nintedanib and letrozole displayed a pharmacokinetic interaction that led to three- and twofold increases in their respective plasma concentrations. Most G3 toxic events (5 out of 6: 2 diarrhea and 3 hypertransaminasemia) occurred subsequent to the DLT assessment period. Conclusion: Combined treatment with nintedanib (200 mg/bid) plus letrozole (2.5 mg/day) effectively suppressed FGFR1 and aromatase activity, and these respective doses can be used as starting doses in any subsequent trials. However, drug-drug interactions may produce tolerability issues when these drugs are co-administered for an extended time period (e.g., 6 months). Patients enrolled in future trials with these drugs should be carefully monitored for their FGF23 levels and signs of toxicity, and those findings should guide individualized treatment decisions ; MQF is a recipient of the following grants: AES - PI16/00354 funded by the ISCIII and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and B2017/BMD3733 - Call for Coordinated Research Groups from Madrid Region - Madrid Regional Government - ERDF funds. RC is a recipient of the following grants: AES PI17/01865 and PIE15/00068 by the ISCIII and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study was partially funded by Boehringer-Ingelheim. CRIS Contra el Cancer Foundation contributed with a generous donation to this study

Background-—Data are limited on use patterns of low-dose aspirin and its role for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different racial and ethnic groups. Methods and Results-—Overall, 65 231 non-Hispanic black and white people aged 40 to 79 years with no history of CVD enrolled from 2002 through 2009 in the SCCS (Southern Community Cohort Study). At cohort entry, the simplified Framingham 10-year CVD risk was calculated, and data related to low-dose aspirin use and clinical and socioeconomic covariates were collected. Raceand ethnicity-specific adjusted odds ratios for characteristics of low-dose aspirin users and hazard ratios for ischemic cardiac death according to aspirin use were calculated using multivariate logistic and Cox regression models. Black participants were less likely to take low-dose aspirin compared with white participants, regardless of CVD risk and covariates (adjusted odds ratio: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75–0.82). Over a median follow-up of 11.3 years, low-dose aspirin use was associated with a trend toward decreased risk of ischemic cardiac death in white participants (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68–1.10), especially in women (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51–1.02), but not in black participants (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98–1.40). Similar trends were observed when the analysis was restricted to high-risk individuals aged 50 to 69 or 50 to 59 years, ages for which guidelines consider aspirin for CVD primary prevention. Conclusions-—Low-dose aspirin use for primary prevention of CVD is lower among black than white patients. Its use might be associated with a disparate impact on ischemic cardiac death according to race and ethnicity. Although additional studies are required, these findings provide no evidence of a beneficial effect of aspirin among black patients ; The SCCS (Southern Community Cohort Study) is funded by grants R01 CA092447 and U01 CA202979 from the National Cancer Institute, including American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding (3R01 CA029447-08 S1). Data collection was performed by the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource, which is supported in part by the Vanderbilt– Ingram Cancer Center (P30 CA68485). This analysis forms part of a project that has received funding from the American Heart Association under grant no. 14SFRN20490315. Fernandez- Jimenez is a recipient of funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 707642. The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci on y Universidades; and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).

This paper is part of a master's degree dissertation in Education, and has the goal to analyze the enforcement of Target 2 - Mato Grosso do Sul State Education Plan (2014-2024), for the purpose of spreading basic education of nine years to all population from 6 to 14 years of age, and to guarantee at least 95% of the students finishing this stage in the recommended age, as well as the strategy 2.4, which aims to create, from 2015, mechanisms that benefit school flow. This research consisted in systematization, analysis and gathering of documents made through federal and state governments, such as legislation, educational programs, messages to the Legislative Assembly, laws, decrees and official gazettes. It was shown that, although the state had developed some actions which aimed to secure the access to this stage, it still hasn't secure the permanence of students through all years of basic education. ; Este artículo es parte de una disertación de maestría en Educación, tiene como objetivo analizar el cumplimiento del Meta 2: Plan Estatal de Educación de Mato Grosso do Sul (2014-2024), con el fin de universalizar la enseñanza primaria de nueve años para toda la población de 6 a 14 años y garantizar que al menos el 95% de los estudiantes completen esta etapa en la edad recomendada, así como la estrategia 2.4, que pretende crear a partir de 2015, mecanismos que favorezcan el flujo escolar. La investigación comprendió recolección, sistematización y análisis de documentos producidos en ámbitos federales y estatales, como legislación, mensajes a la Asamblea Legislativa, programas educativos, leyes, decretos y diarios oficiales. Demostró que, aunque el estado ha llevado a cabo algunas acciones encaminadas a garantizar el acceso a esa etapa, todavía no ha logrado garantizar la permanencia de los alumnos en la enseñanza primaria. ; Este artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado em Educação, tem como objetivo analisar o cumprimento da Meta 2 - Plano Estadual de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul (2014-2024), com a finalidade de universalizar o ensino fundamental de nove anos para toda a população de 6 a 14 anos e garantir que pelo menos 95% dos estudantes concluam essa etapa na idade recomendada, bem como a estratégia 2.4, que objetiva criar, a partir de 2015, mecanismos que favoreçam o fluxo escolar. A pesquisa compreendeu coleta, sistematização e análise de documentos produzidos em âmbitos federal e estadual, como legislação, mensagens à Assembleia Legislativa, programas educacionais, leis, decretos e diários oficiais. Demonstrou que, embora, o estado tenha desenvolvido algumas ações que objetivam assegurar o acesso a essa etapa, ainda não conseguiu assegurar a permanência dos alunos no ensino fundamental.

The electoral campaigns in their communicational dimension can be analyzed from interdisciplinary approaches, among them, the combination of discourse studies, text linguistics and political communication. During the electoral campaigns there are varied spaces of communication used both to attract voters and to discuss candidates and their proposals. In this article, the objective is to identify the different communication spaces of the 2018 electoral campaign and its main discursive genres, based on 48 interviews carried out in 12 districts of Costa Rica concerning these elections. The methodology used focused on a quantification of the communication spaces named in the interviews and in a more detailed analysis of the textual fragments in which these spaces were named. The categories of analysis identified were the following: informative and participatory communication spaces, closed sphere - personal space - and open sphere - public space -, vertical or horizontal relations between participants in the communication spaces and, finally, the discursive genres. The main results indicate that there is a preference for informative communication spaces over participatory ones, in which television is the main medium. This indicates that the vertical axis constitutes the dominant relationship during the campaign. On the other hand, face-to-face conversations between family members is the most common participatory space. Finally, several areas are proposed for future research. ; Las campañas electorales en su dimensión comunicacional pueden ser analizadas a partir de enfoques interdisciplinarios, entre ellos, desde el cruce de los estudios del discurso, la lingüística de texto y la comunicación política. Durante las campañas electorales son variados los espacios de comunicación a los que se recurre tanto para captar votantes como para discutir sobre candidatos(as) y sus propuestas. En el presente artículo, el objetivo es identificar los diferentes espacios de comunicación de la campaña electoral 2018 y sus principales géneros discursivos, a partir de 48 entrevistas realizadas en 12 distritos de Costa Rica sobre esas elecciones. La metodología utilizada se centró en una cuantificación de los espacios de comunicación nombrados en las entrevistas. Las categorías de análisis que se identificaron fueron las siguientes: espacios de comunicación informativos y participativos, ámbitos cerrado -espacio personal- y abierto -espacio público-, las relaciones de verticalidad u horizontal entre participantes de los espacios de comunicación y, por último, los géneros discursivos. Los principales resultados indican que hay una preferencia por los espacios de comunicación informativos sobre los participativos, en los que la televisión es el principal medio. Esto indica que el eje de verticalidad constituye la relación dominante durante la campaña. Por otro lado, las conversaciones cara a cara entre familiares es el espacio participativo más común. Finalmente, se proponen varias áreas para la realización de investigaciones futuras.

This dissertation aims to increase the knowledge about how societal contexts shape the social construction of crises in Chinese social media. It consists of four articles to advance current crisis communication research theoretically and empirically. Drawing on the social constructionist approach, Article 1 proposes a theoretical framework for investigating how societal contexts are embedded in crisis construction in China. Following the proposed theoretical framework, Articles 2, 3, and 4 present empirical analyses of the political and technological contexts in China that impact the construction and negotiation of meaning among social actors on the Chinese microblogging service Weibo, which consequently shapes crisis construction. The crisis construction is further excavated into various forms, including the constructions of crisis attribution, authority, and organizational misconduct, which are examined in the Articles 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This dissertation employs multiple qualitative methods for text analysis to examine posts and comments on Weibo regarding two organizational crises (i.e., the McDonalds' crisis in 2014 and the United Airlines crisis in 2017). More specifically, the qualitative methods include framing analysis (Article 2), genre analysis (Article 3), and qualitative content analysis (Article 4).This dissertation offers a novel depiction of crisis communication in China, which accentuates the influences of political and technological contexts. The findings from the four articles justify and validate the complex and mutually constitutive relationship between politics and technology that underpin the construction of crises in the Chinese context. More specifically, the dissertation observes three ways of contextual influence on the construction of organizational crises: (1) the ascribing of crisis attribution through construction and negotiation of meaning; (2) the generation of authority through social actors' actions and interactions; and (3) the debating of organizational misconduct through public interpretation and discussion. Moreover, a synthesis of the findings from the three empirical articles reveals that the politics, or the political dimensions, of crisis have become deeply ingrained —even unavoidable—in the Chinese context and are relevant not only to crises that derive from various political factors, but also for those that originate without political implications. This dissertation suggests the term "politicizing crisis communication" to describe the process through which social actors ascribe political meaning to and/or interpret organizational crises from political viewpoints. Three elements, namely crisis attribution, crisis management, and crisis implication, are discussed to conceptualize the idea of "politicizing crisis communication."This dissertation fleshes out and deepens our understanding of the relevance of political and technological contexts in the shaping of organizational crises by social actors via social media in China. More importantly, by integrating the social constructionist approach, this dissertation advances the context-oriented tradition by scrutinizing the large-scale dynamics of societal contexts in crisis communication.

This dissertation first summarizes and analyzes the operational environment of the logistics industry. Combined with the characteristics of the industry, the management of working capital and its present situation will be analyzed. Shunfeng Group Co., Ltd. (SF Group) is selected as the research object. Based on financial data from 2013 to 2016, the working capital management efficiency of the company is studied and analyzed in terms of the proportion of the working capital factor and the turnover efficiency of working capital. Then it analyzes the development of the working capital management level of this company in the Online-to-Offline (O2O) model, and based on that, it analyzes the main factors that affect the efficiency of the working capital management of SF Group using the O2O model, and finally puts forward some corresponding suggestions based on the case performance. In the end, based on the case analysis, different suggestions are proposed on how to optimize the working capital management efficiency of the logistics industry using the O2O model: reasonable offline store investment; optimize warehouse construction; accelerate the construction of intelligent logistics and optimize the business structure; optimize the cold-chain logistics system; improve the service system level; formulate reasonable credit policies; select reasonable financing methods; obtain government support. ; Esta dissertação primeiro resume e analisa o ambiente operacional do setor de logística. Em conjunto com as características da indústria, a gestão fundo de maneio e sua situação atual serão analisadas. A SF Group é selecionada como o objeto de pesquisa. Com base em dados financeiros de 2013 a 2016, a eficiência da gestão do fundo de maneio da empresa é estudada e analisada em termos da proporção do fator fundo de maneio e da eficiência da rotação do fundo de maneio. Em seguida, analisa o desenvolvimento do nível de gestão de fundo de maneio desta empresa no modelo O2O e, a partir disso, analisa os principais fatores que afetam a eficiência da gestão do fundo de maneio da SF Group no modelo O2O. Finalmente apresenta algumas sugestões com base nas conclusões do caso. No final, com base na análise de casos, diferentes sugestões são propostas sobre como otimizar a eficiência da gestão do capital de giro do setor de logística sob o modelo O2O: investimento razoável em lojas offline; otimizar a construção do armazém; acelerar a construção de logística inteligente e otimizar a estrutura de negócios; otimizar o sistema de logística da cadeia de frio; melhorar o nível do sistema de serviço; formular políticas de crédito razoáveis; selecionar métodos de financiamento razoáveis; obter apoio do governo.

Abstract Character is a specification of value education in schools. Character education at the level of basic education must be able to train and direct the development of students' personalities as a provision of values that are known and believed. Cultivation of moral values requires a long, continuous and repetitive process to be realized in daily actions. This study aims to determine the methods used and the values developed in the cultivation of character in learning at RA AL-Manshuro Ambon. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were the principal, teachers in class A1 and A2. Determination of the subject is done by purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection were participant observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results showed that the inculcation of moral values was carried out by exemplary methods and moral values which were developed including religious, discipline, honesty, honesty, orderliness, democracy, caring, openness / transparency, togetherness, clean lifestyle, courtesy, loving the environment, and cooperation. All of these values are integrated through the development of character education strategies such as modeling or actions such as spontaneous activities, reprimands, environmental conditioning and routine activities carried out by all parties both at school during learning and extracurricular. Abstrak Budi pekerti merupakan spesifikasi pendidikan nilai di sekolah. Pendidikan budi pekerti di level pendidikan dasar harus mampu melatih dan mengarahkan perkembangan kepribadian peserta didik sebagai bekal dari nilai-nilai yang dikenal dan diyakininya. Penanaman nilai budi pekerti membutuhkan suatu proses yang panjang, terus menerus dan berulang-ulang agar dapat diwujudkan dalam tindakan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode yang digunakan dan nilai-nilai yang dikembangakan dalam penanaman budi pekerti pada pembalajaran di RA AL-Manshuro Ambon. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru kelas A1 dan A2. Penentuan subjek dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data adalah observasi participant, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman nilai budi pekerti dilakukan dengan metode keteladanan dan nilai-nilai budi pekerti yang dikembangkan antara lain adalah religius, kedisiplinan, kejujuran, ketertiban, demokrasi, kepedulian, keterbukaan/transparansi, kebersamaan, pola hidup bersih, sopan santun, cinta lingkungan, dan kerjasama. Semua nilai tersebut diintegrasikan melalui strategi pengembangan pendidikan budi pekerti seperti keteladanan atau aksi-aksi seperti kegiatan spontan, teguran, pengkondisian lingkungan dan kegiatan rutin yang dilaksanakan oleh semua pihak baik di sekolah pada saat pembelajaran dan ekstrakurikuler. Kata kunci: Budi pekerti, keteladanan, dan nilai.

This cumulative dissertation investigates transnational solidarity in times of crises in the context of the European Union (EU). In order to realize solidarity policies that are democratically legitimate, the EU requires the support of its population. To that end, the dissertation at hand takes an individual level approach. In three original articles, I empirically analyze transnational solidarity based on survey data and shed light on varying conceptual, state and stakeholder perspectives, which have remained unexplored in previous research. The first paper investigates a two-dimensional concept of transnational solidarity derived from the literature on national welfare states differentiating between risk-sharing and redistribution. Despite diverse levels of transnational solidarity in EU member states, citizens share a similar understanding of the overall concept. Therefore, it is feasible to compare transnational solidarity across borders. The following two papers build on this conceptual comparability and refer to the identified risk-sharing dimension during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. The second paper examines the willingness of voters from a debt-ridden state to accept crisis bailout conditions, whereas the third paper studies politicians' perspectives on granting such monetary bailout. For both studies, I find that the individual's socio-economic attitudes as well as the EU attitudes matter. Moreover, the economic and information contexts individuals find themselves in play a direct and moderating role. These findings are in line with previous studies on support for EU-wide financial assistance in the broader EU population. Thus, voters and political elites from states in different crisis roles seem to base their preferences for transnational solidarity on similar considerations. This can be interpreted as a positive signal for further European integration and democratic representation alike. Following from that, the overall findings of my cumulative dissertation are manifold and make important contributions to hitherto unexplored gaps in the literature. Firstly, the insights gained contribute to a more sophisticated conceptualization of transnational solidarity and demonstrate that citizens' understanding of the concept indeed is comparable between the EU countries studied. Secondly, my work sheds light on understudied state and stakeholder perspectives taken during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, thus contributing to a deeper knowledge of transnational solidarity and underlying motivations at that time. In terms of current political debates, the EU has to decide how to jointly tackle current and future EU crises. Turning from a mostly economic community to a union of enacted values requires a common understanding of transnational solidarity as well as comparable mindsets of individuals from diverse state and stakeholder perspectives. The present dissertation supports the existence of both these preconditions.