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Violence for Equality, first published in 1989, questions the morality of political violence and challenges the presuppositions, inconsistencies and prejudices of liberal-democratic thinking. This book should be of interest to teachers and students of philosophy and politics.

What is the role of international migrants and, specifically, migrant networks in shaping political attitudes and behavior in migrant sending countries? Our theoretical framework proposes that migration might change individual social identities and thus stimulate intrinsic motivation for political participation, while it may also improve knowledge about better quality political institutions. Hence, international migration might increase political awareness and participation both by migrants and by other individuals in their networks. To test this hypothesis, we use detailed data on different migrant networks (geographic, kinship, and chatting networks), as well as several different measures of political participation and electoral knowledge (self-reports, behavioral, and actual voting measures). These data were purposely collected around the time of the 2009 elections in Mozambique, a country with substantial emigration to neighboring countries – especially South Africa - and with one of the lowest political participation rates in the region. The empirical results show that the number of migrants an individual is in close contact with via regular chatting significantly increases political participation of residents in that village – more so than family links to migrants. Our findings are consistent with both improved knowledge about political processes and increased intrinsic motivation for political participation being transmitted through migrant networks. These results are robust to controlling for self-selection into migration as well as endogenous network formation. Our work is relevant for the many contexts of South-South migration where both countries of origin and destination are recent democracies. It shows that even in this context there may be domestic gains arising from international emigration.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-217) and indexes. ; Why we need a theory of federalism -- What is federalism? -- Why federalism? The tragic aspect of politics -- Federalism in political science -- Federalism in America -- The judicial doctrine of federalism. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Moderne Gesellschaften beruhen auf dem Selbstverständnis, Gewalt einzuhegen, zugleich sind das Recht und die Pflicht zur Gewaltanwendung Grundprinzipien moderner Staatlichkeit. Gewalt, Ordnung und Staatlichkeit sind demnach konstitutiv aufeinander bezogen, doch ihr prekäres Verhältnis erscheint zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts umstrittener denn je. Konzepte wie Rettungsfolter, gerechte Kriege, Ausnahme oder Sicherheit verweisen zugleich auf neue Rationalitäten staatlicher Gewalt. Der Band bietet interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf historische Kontinuitäten und Brüche staatlicher Neuordnungen von Gewalt in der Gegenwart. Mit Beiträgen von David Garland, Christian Geulen, Sven Kramer, Susanne Krasmann, Alf Lüdtke, Jürgen Martschukat, Andrew W. Neal, Günter Riederer, Ruth Stanley und Anja Feth, Frank Schumacher, Klaus Weinhauer sowie einen bisher im Deutschen unveröffentlichten Text von Judith Butler.

AbstractOver the past several years, a multitude of methods to measure the fairness of a machine learning model have been proposed. However, despite the growing number of publications and implementations, there is still a critical lack of literature that explains the interplay of fair machine learning with the social sciences of philosophy, sociology, and law. We hope to remedy this issue by accumulating and expounding upon the thoughts and discussions of fair machine learning produced by both social and formal (i.e., machine learning and statistics) sciences in this field guide. Specifically, in addition to giving the mathematical and algorithmic backgrounds of several popular statistics-based fair machine learning metrics used in fair machine learning, we explain the underlying philosophical and legal thoughts that support them. Furthermore, we explore several criticisms of the current approaches to fair machine learning from sociological, philosophical, and legal viewpoints. It is our hope that this field guide helps machine learning practitioners identify and remediate cases where algorithms violate human rights and values.

Abstract
Background
Sex and gender influence individuals' psychology, but are often overlooked in psychological science. The sex and gender equity in research (SAGER) guidelines provide instruction for addressing sex and gender within five sections of a manuscript (i.e., title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion) (Heidari et al., Res Integr Peer Rev 1:1-9, 2016).

Methods
We examined whether the 89 journals published by the American Psychological Association provide explicit instruction for authors to address sex and gender within these five sections. Both authors reviewed the journal instructions to authors for the words "sex," and "gender," and noted explicit instruction pertaining to these five sections.

Results
Only 8 journals (9.0%) instructed authors to address sex/gender within the abstract, introduction, and/or methods sections. No journals instructed authors to address sex and gender in the results or discussion sections.

Conclusion
These journals could increase sex/gender equity and improve the reproducibility of psychological science by instructing authors to follow the SAGER guidelines.

This work is a study of administrative corruption from an historical perspective. It aims to answer questions such as :Can we find general patterns in the development of corruption? And what are the connections between administrative corruption, political corruption and development?

The article examines the structure of the participle clause, in which the participle precedes the subject, with the actant or subordinate clause related to the participle placed in postposition. The study aims to reveal grammatical indicators of the participle predicativity, to determine the dynamics of the use of the clause under consideration, its stylistic peculiarities and the reasons for its loss in the Russian language. The application of comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods has enabled the author to prove the higher degree of predicative power of prepositive participles in comparison with the postpositive ones. The grammatical indicators of the participle predicativity have been established. They are expressed in word order, agreement of the participle and the subject in meaning, separation of the participial clause from the verbal part of the sentence with a dot or their connection by means of coordinating conjunction. The participial clause structural diversity has been studied and the development of absolute participle clauses on its basis has been revealed. The dynamics of its use in different periods of the history of the Russian language has been investigated. The frequency of its use has been ascertained in the written records of various genres dating back to the 11 th – 17 th centuries. The analysis of the texts originating from the 18th century has shown the dynamics of participial clause use in different periods of the history of the Russian language, which indicates the reference of such participial constructions to the bookish style.