During the 2000 Session, the General Assembly considered eighty-one technology related bills, forty of which were enacted. This article summarizes the more significant technology bills enacted during this session. One of these bills, House Bill 719,1 enlarged the Joint Commission on Technology and Science ("JCOTS"). The 1997 Virginia General Assembly created JCOTS aas a permanent legislative agency" to "generally study all aspects of technology and science and endeavor to stimulate, encourage, promote, and assist in the development of technology and science in the Commonwealth and sound public policies related thereto." JCOTS, which originally consisted of nine legislators-five delegates and four senators-is now made up of twelve members-seven delegates and five senators. During the 2000 Session, JCOTS recommended and the members of JCOTS patroned fifteen technology related bills. Of these bills, eleven have been enacted.
Although the subject of children's rights and the sociology of childhood and child sexual abuse has been the subject of extensive scholarly deliberation and commentary, there has been very little consideration of the way networks and digital information create a trust deficit, which consequently implicates all non-State actors and civil society. There is a need to understand the dynamics of the multi-stakeholder Internet governance model and the challenges Web 2.0 technologies pose for child protection policy-making. This book fills the lacuna. Online Child Safety: Law, Technology and Governance directs its focus on the governance challenges raised by the problems of ascertaining the integrity, authenticity and reliability of information flows and network infrastructures for our attitudes towards risks facing children and strategies for enhancing their safety in the online environment. It also seeks to understand the nature of convergence and articulates the significance of emerging regulatory trends in the way compliance with child safety norms are defined, communicated and enforced.
Section 1: introduction to unmanned aircraft technology and law -- Introduction to unmanned aircraft law / Donna A. Dulo -- A brieg history of unmanned aircraft / Jonathan B. Rupprecht and Donna A. Dulo -- Aeronautical foundations of the unmanned aircraft / Donna A. Dulo -- Section 2: FAA rulemaking and unmanned aircraft law -- The federal aviation administration rulemaking process -- Unmanned aircraft in the national airspace -- Grounded in the law -- Considerations of a legal framework for the safe and resilient operation of civilian autonomous unmanned aircraft -- Section 3: unmanned aircraft safety, security, and information assurance regulation and technology in the national critical infrastructure -- Information assurance, cybersecurity, and legislation relating to unmanned aircraft in the national critical infrastructure -- Technological context of cybersecurity and unmanned aircraft in the national critical infrastructure -- Section 4: constitutional issues of unmanned aircraft in the national airspace -- Unmanned aircraft and the media -- Sensing and surveillance -- Civilia weapons on unmanned aircraft -- Section 5: unmanned aircraft risk, product liability, and insurance -- Unmanned aircraft product liability and risk management -- Issues of unmanned aircraft insurance and insurance underwriting -- Risk, product liability trends, and insurance in commercial unmanned aircraft
This article is premised on the relation of technology and applied sciences with law. The three subjects are not only interwoven but cannot be protected and regulated without the viable use of law. The unprecedented advancement ofscientific innovations has far-reaching implication in virtually all ramifications of human endeavour. Technology is an invention created using science, which needs to be sustained by prudent management and law. The research goal is to narrow down a middle ground where all these independent fields can meet and share a symbiotic relationship without stifling each other. The research seeks to ascertain the knowledge and perception of selected university students of Nigeria and India, about Science, Law and Technology. The authors adopted the doctrinal and empirical research methodology coupled with the use of cases and legislations as source of information. The research revealed that majority of the participants has knowledge about the co-existence and impact of Science, Technology and Law in the society. However, the attitude and perception of the participants constitute a fundamental influence on the degree to which technological orientations occur during learning process. Also, 85% of 200 participants agreed that there is need for frequent education and legislation as science and technology evolves in the society. Hence, this article recommends the implementation and frequent modifications of law to continually protect, encourage and ensure the societal sustainability of ethical standards.
This book comprehensively analyses financial technology law and regulation in Africa and provides domestic and regional perspectives on regulating FinTech in Africa. It studies policy considerations that can assist African policymakers in facilitating a balanced regulatory approach that does not stifle financial innovation. The growth of financial technology in Africa presents huge opportunities for inclusive growth on the African continent. Digital finance, which sits at the heart of financial technology, could be key to placing Africa back on the economic recovery trajectory after the COVID-19 crisis, facilitating its speed in achieving the UNSDG 2030 goals and setting the continent on course to meet its African Union Agenda 2063. This book: - Examines mobile financial services, crowdfunding, crypto-assets, digital currencies including central bank digital currencies, decentralised finance and open banking and finance, all from an African perspective; - Explores the status of regulation in these areas in Africa, highlighting areas where regulation is lacking, inadequate and in need of reform; - Highlights pragmatic approaches to regulation such as including the adoption of regulatory sandboxesandregulatory technology and discusses requirements for the adoption of supervisory technology in Africa; - Scrutinises the implications of developments in the FinTech space in Africa for international security andeconomic and financial stability. Placing Africa in the global context, the book argues for an international effort to understand the global dimensions of FinTech developmentsso thatrobust and applicableglobal regulatory frameworks can be appliedin developing parts of the world. It will provide useful insights to investors, policy makers and entrepreneurs.It will also be essential reading for students and researchers in the field of technology, public policy, regulatory policy, financial policy, banking, and finance law.
"Although the subject of children's rights and the sociology of childhood and child sexual abuse has been the subject of extensive scholarly deliberation and commentary, there has been very little consideration of the way networks and digital information create a trust deficit, which consequently implicates all non-State actors and civil society. There is a need to understand the dynamics of the multi-stakeholder Internet governance model and the challenges Web 2.0 technologies pose for child protection policy-making. This book fills the lacuna. Online Child Safety: Law, Technology and Governance directs its focus on the governance challenges raised by the problems of ascertaining the integrity, authenticity and reliability of information flows and network infrastructures for our attitudes towards risks facing children and strategies for enhancing their safety in the online environment. It also seeks to understand the nature of convergence and articulates the significance of emerging regulatory trends in the way compliance with child safety norms are defined, communicated and enforced"--
Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronyms -- List of Figures -- 1 Disruptive Technologies Shaping the Law of the Future -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Parts -- 2.1 Purpose and Limitation -- 2.2 Innovation Intermediaries -- 2.3 Digital Evidence -- 3 Chapters -- References -- Purpose and Limitation -- 2 The Principle of Purpose Limitation and Big Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Big Data Definition -- 3 The Development of the Principle of Purpose Limitation -- 3.1 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) -- 3.2 Council of Europe Resolutions (73) 22 and (74) 29 -- 3.3 Convention 108 -- 3.4 OECD Guidelines -- 4 The Purpose Limitation Principle Under the Data Protection Directive (DPD) and Its Implications for Big Data Applications -- 4.1 Starting Position -- 4.2 Specified, Explicit and Legitimate Purpose (Purpose Specification) -- 4.2.1 Purpose Must Be Specified -- 4.2.2 Purpose Must Be Explicit -- 4.2.3 Purpose Must Be Legitimate -- 4.3 Assessment of Compatibility -- 4.4 Consequences of the Requirements of the Purpose Limitation Principle Established by the DPD for Big Data Applications -- 5 New Developments Regarding the Purpose Limitation Principle Under the General Data Protection Regulation and Its Impact on Big Data Applications -- 5.1 The General Data Protection Regulation-"A Hybrid of Old and New" -- 5.2 Continuation of the Requirement of Purpose Specification and Compatible Use -- 5.3 New Aspects with Regard to Purpose Specification -- 5.4 Inclusion of the Compatibility Assessment Test into the Legal Text of the GDPR -- 5.5 The New Privileging Rule for Further Processing for Archiving Purposes in the Public Interest, Scientific or Historical Research Purposes or Statistical Purposes -- 5.6 The Waiver of the Requirement of a Legal Basis for the Processing of Personal Data that Qualifies as a Compatible Use
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"I believe that the Internet is a brave new world in the matter of judicial security." – Testimony of Joan H. Lefkow, United States District Judge, before the Judiciary Committee of the United States Senate (May 18, 2005). Your personal information may be no farther away than a mouse-click. Your name, locations of your home and workplace, your phone number and email address, details of your family members, your political leanings and many more pieces of information are available through a wide array of public and private sources. But, this is nothing new. Some personal information about you has always been accessible by others in one form or another. In the past, when information such as that contained in public records was maintained in paper files, it was difficult to access. However, information technologies, including the Internet, have changed the way data is collected, stored, used, manipulated and distributed -- making more information more accessible to more people than ever before. There are no comprehensive laws to protect your personal information. However, there are ways to keep information about you and your family from becoming generally known. As you become aware of the potential privacy risks associated with even the most common activities of daily life, you will be able to make reasoned choices affecting the availability of your personal information. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide the tools to help you take control over your personal information and protect your informational privacy. Please note that protecting your privacy is a continuing process because data about you is constantly being collected and distributed.
"I believe that the Internet is a brave new world in the matter of judicial security." – Testimony of Joan H. Lefkow, United States District Judge, before the Judiciary Committee of the United States Senate (May 18, 2005). Your personal information may be no farther away than a mouse-click. Your name, locations of your home and workplace, your phone number and email address, details of your family members, your political leanings and many more pieces of information are available through a wide array of public and private sources. But, this is nothing new. Some personal information about you has always been accessible by others in one form or another. In the past, when information such as that contained in public records was maintained in paper files, it was difficult to access. However, information technologies, including the Internet, have changed the way data is collected, stored, used, manipulated and distributed -- making more information more accessible to more people than ever before. There are no comprehensive laws to protect your personal information. However, there are ways to keep information about you and your family from becoming generally known. As you become aware of the potential privacy risks associated with even the most common activities of daily life, you will be able to make reasoned choices affecting the availability of your personal information. The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide the tools to help you take control over your personal information and protect your informational privacy. Please note that protecting your privacy is a continuing process because data about you is constantly being collected and distributed.
