Suchergebnisse

Hätte dieses Buch irgend ein nichtrussischer Ethnopsychologe geschrieben, so wäre ihm der Vorwurf blossstellender Enthüllungsliteratur schwerlich zu ersparen: aus dem drohenden "Russischen Bären" früherer Zeiten lässt Eugen Voss - welche Metamorphose - einen ethnopsychischen Riesenpatienten ausschlüpfen, dessen tiefsitzende Schäden sogar dessen "Europatauglichkeit" in Frage stellen. Nur einem Russland-Schweizer (Russland-Deutschen?) stand es zu, hier Verfasser zu sein. Voss ist mütterlicherseits Russe. Sein schweizerischer Vater war in Russland zur Welt gekommen und, nach dem Studium in der Schweiz, dort in leitender Stellung tätig. Eugen Voss schrieb das Buch mit Blut, nämlich unter dem innerlichen Imperativ der herzzerreissenden Leidensgeschichte von abermillionen Seelen, die während neun Jahrhunderten von brutalen Herrschern, fremden und eigenen, zu unterwürfigkeitskranken Sklaven abgerichtet worden sind. Genesungshungrig flehen sie mit der chiffrierten Sprache ihrer neurotischen Vernarbungen, das Ausland möge ihnen mit seinen vorausgeeilten Humanerrungenschaften im individuellen Persönlichkeitsaufbau zur Seite stehen. Voss tat gut daran, einen urtypischen, so nur den Slawen eigenen leisen Oberton im kollektiven Unterbewusstsein der Russen am Klingen zu erhalten: das Grundgefühl des solidarischen "Mir" (der Dorfgemeinschaft). Geläutert durch echte Individuation könnte diese durch alle Zeiten hindurch lebendig gebliebene Gemeinschaftsfähigkeit sogar zum Heilmittel für uns allzu individualistischen Westeuropäer werden. Ost und West brauchen letztlich einander. Werner Meyer

This book presents estimates of the growth of the tsarist economy during the 'industrialization era', 1885–1913. The performance of the tsarist economy is compared with that of Soviet Russia during the plan era and of other industrialized countries during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its main importance is to provide a frame of reference against which to contrast the Soviet performance. The author finds a stronger performance from the tsarist economy than the literature had led us to suspect, and he disputes several of the established views of economic historians concerning Russian agriculture and the Russian nineteenth-century business cycle

In this paper, the abstract noun real'nost' is studied based on the newspaper texts included in the electronic corpus 'Russian Newspapers of the End of the 20th Century', developed by the Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The studied word, as well as other polysemic nouns formed with the productive suffix -ost', may obtain regular concrete meanings besides the meaning of abstract attribute. Due to the polysemic nature of this particular type of nouns, contexts play a rather significant role in understanding and studying them. The purpose of the paper is to identify the semantic and contextual characteristics of the given noun while being used in different meanings in newspaper texts. Based on the corpus data, we have revealed the most frequently used meaning of the word and the contextual characteristics of each particular meaning. The study has shown that in Russian newspaper texts created in the late 20th century, the concrete meaning of the word real'nost' demonstrates a considerably higher usage frequency than its abstract meaning. The noun also developed a third meaning, as a result of which it can be used in the plural form. In addition, the studied word has been analyzed in a comparative perspective. When it is used in the position of the subject or an actant in original texts in Russian, its abstract meaning can only be expressed by predicates or attributes (subordinate clauses) in Chinese. This proves that the Russian language has a comparatively higher level of 'communicative fragmentation', which is mainly based on nouns formed with the suffix -ost'.

The paper estimates capacity utilization rate in Russian manufacturing. We also propose the way of building continuous time series of production capacity and analytical indicators used to describe the basic characteristics of production capacity. The data comes from statistical form No. 1-Natura-BM of Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Our findings about trends and structural characteristics of production capacity are shown to be significant for economic policy.

The article presents the results of study of the positions of university graduates in the Russian labor market. The relevance of the subject is due to the fact that getting higher education instead of starting to work directly after school is now considered a social norm, and the fact that the structure of training in specialties and its quality, as stated by the top officials, does not meet the needs of the economy. The research is based on data of the first selective observation of employment of graduates of Rosstat, obtained in 2016, and the Ministry of Education and Science monitoring of graduates employment of 2015-2017. In the paper we assess the employment rate of young people with higher education by age groups; highlight regional features of university graduates employment; evaluate employment characteristics by groups of specialties; we study the distribution of employed university graduates by types of economic activity in comparison with the all-Russian structure of employment. It is concluded, that with an increase in the level of education the probability of success employment, including finding a job in the specialty, increases; and that job satisfaction is higher for those who work in their professional field. For NEET youth with higher education, recommendations on how to integrate into the labor market relations have been suggested.