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The author examines the essence and characteristic features of the evolutionary interpretation in constitutional review bodies decisions and concludes given the relationship between processes of argumentation and interpretation, as well as definite characteristics and trends in the application of the evolutionary interpretation in different countries, that it is more appropriate to talk about the evolutionary approach in argumentation, not about a separate method of interpretation. An evolutionary constitutional interpretation, as it is stated in the article, does not necessarily mean going beyond the literal text of the basic law. A literal (textual) interpretation and an evolutionary approach are combined phenomena of different nature; they are allocated based on various criteria – the source (orientation on the text) and the socially adaptive result, respectively. The value of the evolutionary approach is associated with the possibility of "adjusting" constitutional norms to real social canvas without making changes to the text of a constitution. The author shows using the case law examples that an evolutionary interpretation can be expansive, that is aimed at increasing the scope of constitutional regulation ("filling" constitutional norms with "new" (additional) content, picking out new human rights, increasing their level of protection), and restrictive, that is narrowing the scope regulated and (or) protected by a constitution (reducing level of human rights guarantees or subject area of constitutional regulation). Considering through the prism of specific constitutional justice cases such doctrines as of a "living constitution" in the United States of America, a "living tree" in Canada and the concept of "judicial law development" in Germany, the author comes to the conclusion that an independent concept of the evolutionary approach in legal reasoning has not been formed yet in the Russian practice of constitutional justice. In this regard, it seems to be perspective direction to develop such a concept, especially in the context of a possibility of combining the evolutionary approach with original interpretation. It seems that despite the fact that the problem of judicial activism is not now a problem of current urgent interest in Russia, the constitutional amendments of 2020 have actualized the potential for an evolutionary interpretation of certain constitutional provisions.

The article is devoted to the etymological interpretation of two words from the northeastern dialects of the Kostroma region – prikayutnyi, prikalitnyi 'newcomer, stranger'. The study suggests that the lexical unit prikayutnyi is connected with the Russian yutitsya ('to huddle together'). The author of the paper considers that there is a spatial idea in the root, and the word literally means 'the one who came to some place to find shelter'. The article also looks at the derivation patterns among lexical and semantic variants of the word prikayutnyi. It has been found that the earliest meaning was 'newcomer'. Based on the negative connotations of the word, caused by a cautious attitude towards 'strange' and 'strangers' in traditional culture, there developed general semantics of an unwanted comer – a land tenant, an intruder, etc. The article also proposes a hypothesis about the origin of the word prikalitnyi. It is suggested to be a result of contamination of the Kostroma region's prikolotnyi 'newcomer, stranger' and the All-Russian kalitka ('a fence door'). Connection with prikolotnyi (where the author distinguishes the root -kolot-, Central Russian kolotit') is confirmed by the existence of the nomination model in which words meaning new coming people are related to verbs with the semantics of attachment (the Kostroma region's nalepysh 'a man who came to live somewhere from far away' (< nalepit' 'to stick'), the Arkhangelsk region's prishivnoy 'newcomer, stranger' (< prishit' ('to sew something on'), etc.). Attraction to the lexical unit kalitka is provided by symbolic significance of the latter in folk culture. Kalitka (the same as the functionally close vorota 'gates') serves as a boundary between 'one's own' and 'strange' (someone else's, others') territory, which is especially significant in the context of the 'newcomer' semantics. Furthermore, the paper traces the logic in the development of the meanings of the word prikalitnyi. The author concludes that semantic derivation patterns are explained by the folk family values and the concept of 'strange' and 'strangers'.

Theory of criminal law often pays little attention to imposition of penalty. After having reviewed the large part of studies conducted in Lithuania so far, it can be noticed that significantly more focus is given to the analysis of issues of criminal offenses qualification, analysis of specific compositions of criminal offenses or other issues of the general part of criminal law. The study analyses the impact of the principle of justice on imposition of sentence for criminal offenses related to the illegal possession of large or very large quantities of narcotic and psychotropic substances. An article provides the application statistics of this principle in criminal cases examined in 2018-2019 according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code, as well as assesses the validity of such case law. The author questions too frequent application of the principle of justice (Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code) and presupposes that this situation occurred due to the extremely high minimum levels of sentences set by the legislator according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code. These levels of sentences are one of the largest in Europe and prevent the judge from proper individualisation of sentences to culprits. The study largely focuses on case law analysis of simultaneous application of Article 54 (3), Article 75 and Article 64¹ of the Criminal Code. Although the courts often impose different sentences or in some cases consider that criminal law does not allow the postponement of sentence execution in accordance with the principle of justice, the author invites not to be afraid to change the existing case law. Finally the author makes conclusions and suggestions, concerned and solving problem, mentioned above: it is offered to discuss regarding reduction of minimum levels of sentences of Article 260 (2) or (3) of the Criminal Code. As Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code lacks of accuracy, it is suggested to remedy this deficiency by new case law because legislation usually takes much longer.

Theory of criminal law often pays little attention to imposition of penalty. After having reviewed the large part of studies conducted in Lithuania so far, it can be noticed that significantly more focus is given to the analysis of issues of criminal offenses qualification, analysis of specific compositions of criminal offenses or other issues of the general part of criminal law. The study analyses the impact of the principle of justice on imposition of sentence for criminal offenses related to the illegal possession of large or very large quantities of narcotic and psychotropic substances. An article provides the application statistics of this principle in criminal cases examined in 2018-2019 according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code, as well as assesses the validity of such case law. The author questions too frequent application of the principle of justice (Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code) and presupposes that this situation occurred due to the extremely high minimum levels of sentences set by the legislator according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code. These levels of sentences are one of the largest in Europe and prevent the judge from proper individualisation of sentences to culprits. The study largely focuses on case law analysis of simultaneous application of Article 54 (3), Article 75 and Article 64¹ of the Criminal Code. Although the courts often impose different sentences or in some cases consider that criminal law does not allow the postponement of sentence execution in accordance with the principle of justice, the author invites not to be afraid to change the existing case law. Finally the author makes conclusions and suggestions, concerned and solving problem, mentioned above: it is offered to discuss regarding reduction of minimum levels of sentences of Article 260 (2) or (3) of the Criminal Code. As Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code lacks of accuracy, it is suggested to remedy this deficiency by new case law because legislation usually takes much longer.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы о понятии и видах множественности преступлений в связи с концепцией В. П. Малкова, анализируются признаки понятия множественности преступлений, сформулированного ученым. Делается вывод, что выделение многих из них спорно. Не вызывает сомнений лишь признак несколько преступлений. Обсуждаются виды множественности преступлений, выделенные В. П. Малковым, и заключается, что сформированная им система видов множественности преступлений в рамках действующего уголовного законодательства, с одной стороны, избыточна, с другой стороны, неполна. Исследуется также возможность (невозможность) использования категории множественность преступлений в современном уголовном законодательстве и делается вывод, что с учетом значения в русском языке и понимания для целей уголовно-правового регулирования это понятие не имеет права на отражение в уголовном законодательстве. Автор статьи заключает, что спорность ряда решений профессора В. П. Малкова не означает его неправоты, а предполагает дальнейшее осмысление категории множественности преступлений. ; The main points of the concept of professor V. P. Malkov about the multiple crimes: the concept and types are analyzed. The author also considers the legality of the use of the category multiple crimes in modern criminal legislation. The author analyzes the features of the concept of multiple crimes formulated by the author. It is concluded that the allocation of many of them is controversial. There is no doubt only a sign of multiple crimes. The types of multiple crimes identifi ed by the scientist are analyzed. It is concluded that this system of types of multiple crimes within the framework of the current criminal legislation, on the one hand, is excessive, on the other hand, is not complete. The term multiple crimes is analyzed. It is concluded that within the framework of taking into account its meaning in the Russian language and criminal law regulation of what is included in it, it does not have the right to be refl ected in criminal legislation. It is pointed out that the disputability of a number of decisions by professor V.P. Malkov does not mean that he is wrong. It means only the need for further understanding of the category of multiple crimes.

В статье рассмотрены основные критерии отнесения товаров, работ, услуг к инновационной продукции и (или) высокотехнологичной продукции, необходимая экономическая эффективность использования этой продукции, существующие меры государственной поддержки инноваций в отраслях экономики. Для того чтобы считать товары, работы или услуги высокотехнологичными, они должны производиться или оказываться высокотехнологичными организациями с использованием новейших образцов технологического оборудования, технологических процессов и технологий и с участием высококвалифицированного персонала. Автор провела исследования интерпретаций в научной литературе и законодательной базе понятий высокотехнологичная, наукоемкая и инновационная продукция, анализ экспорта в динамике по группам товаров и анализ уровня высококвалифицированных кадров на основе международного рейтинга по странам. Разработала и сформировала предложения по внесению изменений в нормативно-правовую базу с целью развития экспорта высокотехнологичной и инновационной продукции. Сделала вывод, что проведенный анализ структуры доходов по статьям экспорта показывает, что необходимо развивать новые направления, оказывать государственную поддержку в виде субсидий с целью повышения уровня их конкурентоспособности на международных рынках. ; The article discusses the main criteria for classifying goods, works, services as innovative products and (or) high-tech products, the necessary economic efficiency of using these products, the existing measures of state support for innovation in the sectors of the economy. In order to consider goods, works or services high-tech, they must be produced or rendered by high-tech organizations using the latest technological equipment, technological processes and technologies, and with the participation of highly qualified personnel. The author researches the interpretations in the scientific literature and the legislative base of the concepts of high-tech, science-intensive and innovative products, analyzes the dynamics of exports by product groups and analyzes the level of highly qualified personnel based on the international ranking by countries. The author developed and formulated proposals on amendments to the regulatory framework in order to develop the export of high-tech and innovative products. The author made a conclusion that the analysis of the structure of incomes by export items shows that it is necessary to develop new directions, to provide government support in the form of subsidies in order to increase the level of their competitiveness in international markets.

The article describes main problems of sentencing for an uncompleted crime. The main positions on the unfinished crime and criminal liability for its commission have been defined. Possible variants for solving problem issues that arise when applying the rules of criminal legislation on sentencing for an uncompleted crime have been considered. This article also considers the corresponding novelties in the sphere of sentencing for an uncompleted crime, by what law these novelties were introduced into the current Criminal Code and what are the results of these changes. Then it was defined that the norm of Art. 68 of the Criminal Code is a special rule of sentencing, which establishes circumstances that the court must take into consideration guided by art. 65-67 of the Criminal Code. Therefore, they act as additional legal guidelines to the general rule of sentencing, that specified in Art. 65 of the Criminal Code. Also, obligatoriness for decrease the punishment based of Art. 68 of the Criminal Code has been determined and the author provides his own view on the fact, that it would be better to give a court the right, but not the obligation to apply such a rule in each concrete case. Further, the cases in which the court, while applying the rules of Part 2 and Part 3 of Art. 68 of the Criminal Code, should proceed not from the maximum terms of the sanction of article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, but the maximum size of the corresponding punishment established in the General Part of the Criminal Code. After that, the cases where the lower limit of punishment may be equal or even higher than the upper limit of the punishment has been considered, and appropriate recommendations has been given by the author. Cases where Art. 68 and Art. 43 of the Criminal Code has been also considered. On the base of which, the author concludes that it may be necessary to determine which of these norms has priority on the legislative level. Also, this article examines the question can a court has the right to apply Part 2 ...

Theory of criminal law often pays little attention to imposition of penalty. After having reviewed the large part of studies conducted in Lithuania so far, it can be noticed that significantly more focus is given to the analysis of issues of criminal offenses qualification, analysis of specific compositions of criminal offenses or other issues of the general part of criminal law. The study analyses the impact of the principle of justice on imposition of sentence for criminal offenses related to the illegal possession of large or very large quantities of narcotic and psychotropic substances. An article provides the application statistics of this principle in criminal cases examined in 2018-2019 according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code, as well as assesses the validity of such case law. The author questions too frequent application of the principle of justice (Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code) and presupposes that this situation occurred due to the extremely high minimum levels of sentences set by the legislator according to Article 260 (2) and (3) of the Criminal Code. These levels of sentences are one of the largest in Europe and prevent the judge from proper individualisation of sentences to culprits. The study largely focuses on case law analysis of simultaneous application of Article 54 (3), Article 75 and Article 64¹ of the Criminal Code. Although the courts often impose different sentences or in some cases consider that criminal law does not allow the postponement of sentence execution in accordance with the principle of justice, the author invites not to be afraid to change the existing case law. Finally the author makes conclusions and suggestions, concerned and solving problem, mentioned above: it is offered to discuss regarding reduction of minimum levels of sentences of Article 260 (2) or (3) of the Criminal Code. As Article 54 (3) of the Criminal Code lacks of accuracy, it is suggested to remedy this deficiency by new case law because legislation usually takes much longer.

The article studies modern problems of military education in the perspective of protection of national interests, in particular, ways of advanced training for specialists of public authorities on state security and defense. The author has carried outa comparative analysis between the peacetime and the time of armed aggression of Russian Federation in the field of training of specialists of humanities for the security and defense sector of Ukraine. The experience of training of executives and specialists (civil servants of I-VII categories) and the available educational materials and technical base has been characterized. The author has provided recommendations for improving the cooperation between military and civilian officials in extreme situations. The necessity of participation of public authorities'representatives in command and staff exercises has been proved. The need for regular advanced training on the basis of Ukrainian universities has been clarified. The author has proposed tousewidely the online learning in the situation of COVID-19 pandemic. The possibility of solving issues of specialists training in the system of national security and defense on the basis of the National Defense University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyihas been analyzed. Considering current needs to ensure the national security, this University can provide the advanced training for executives and specialists of central and local state bodies, local governments and military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The proposed approach will significantly improve the quality of training for both servicemen and civil servants as well as it will further contribute to the coordinated work of civilian and military officials for the repulse and deterrence of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Key words: military education, security and defense, quality of education, military specialists, field of humanities. ; Досліджуються сучасні проблеми військової освіти у ракурсі захисту національних інтересів, зокрема, шляхи підвищення кваліфікації фахів- ців державної та публічної влади з питань безпеки й оборони держави. Здійснюється компаративний аналіз підготовки фахівців гуманітарного спрямування для сектору безпеки й оборони України у мирний період і в час збройної агресії Російської Федерації. Ключові слова: військова освіта, безпека і оборона, якість освіти, військові фахівці, гуманітарний напрям.

Статья посвящена описанию диалогичности категории будущего времени в медийных текстах. На различных примерах автор приходит к выводу, что внутренняя диалогичность категории как одного из ресурсов словотворчества становится все более яркой для британской массовой прессы. В результате исследования очевидным фактом для автора стало то, что форма преподнесения материала для читателя во всех жанрах публицистики меняется из-за снижения этико-стилистических норм речи, определяемых прогрессирующей демократизацией общения. Результаты новизны работы представлены в описании категории будущего времени как сложного явления, передающего с помощью внутреннего диалога с читателем различные смыслы автора и определяющего отношение журналиста к представленной информации. Автор статьи утверждает, что внутренняя диалогичность категории является стержнем семантики будущего, в основе которого лежит желание автора передать свои убеждения и оказать воздействие на читателя с помощью языковых средств категории будущего времени. ; The article describes the internal dialogic nature of the Future Tense category in mass media texts. On the example of various texts, the author comes to the conclusion that the internal dialogic nature of the category as one of the resources of word creation is becoming more and more vivid in the British mass media texts. As a result of the research, it is an obvious fact for the author that the form of presenting the article to reader in all genres of journalism is changing due to the decrease in ethical and stylistic norms of speech, determined by the progressive democratization of communication. The results of the novelty of the work are presented in the description of the Future Tense category as a complex phenomenon that has different author's meanings because of the internal dialogue with reader, and determines the journalist's attitude to the presented information. The author of the article tells that the internal dialogic nature of the category is the basis of the future semantics, which is based on the author's desire to describe his beliefs and influence the reader using the language means of the Future Tense category.

The article is devoted to the issue of police responses to animal cruelty cases that contain signs of an administrative offense: the experience of Ukraine. In the article the author developed a step-by-step response for police officers in case of offenses under Article 89 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. The powers of the National Police of Ukraine in this category of cases were also analyzed step by step. The administrative and jurisdictional powers of police officers during proceedings on the fact of animal cruelty are considered. The author details the application of measures to ensure the proceedings in these categories of cases. The article pays special attention to the fact that the police officer decides on the whereabouts of the animal at the time of the proceedings, for example, in the case of leaving the animal in a temporary home. The author also gives practical examples of the interaction between animal protection organizations and the police during the seizure of the animal before considering the case on its merits. The telephone number of the all-Ukrainian hotline for assistance to animals is given, namely 0-800-302-303. An analysis is given of the legal status of the animal in accordance with current Ukrainian legislation. The article separately analyzes the stages of proceedings on animal cruelty. The powers of the National Police and the court to consider this category of cases have been clarified, and their limitations have been clarified. Article 283 of UCAO determines the content of the resolution. It must contain: the name of the body that made the decision, the official who issued the decision, the date of the case; information about the person in respect of whom the case is being considered; statement of the circumstances established during the consideration of the case; indication of Article 89 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which provides for liability for this administrative offense; the decision made in the case. According to the content of the decision, the ...

From a socio-critical reading, the article proposes the existence of a male alter ego of the female author, as a character from the third part of the Alborada, the historical/memorialistic novels series published by Iris (Inés Echeverría Bello) between 1943-1946 in Chile. From the reading of the three novels in this part of the series, and the author's memoirs, published posthumously, we propose that Iris is introduced into her narrative through the character of "Héctor Bello", which fulfills the ideological functions that the same author achieved in her political and intellectual space in Chile in the 1910s, however, does not bear the limitations imposed on the elite woman. The use of this alter ego allows the author to legitimize the substantive discussion around the social criticism that she develops, without opening the debate about the freedoms of women in private space so explicitly, and, in this way, maintains a relatively neutral position within the story. ; Desde una lectura sociocrítica, el artículo propone la existencia de un alter ego masculino de la autora en un personaje de la tercera parte de la serie de novelas histórico/memorialísticas Alborada, publicadas por Iris (Inés Echeverría Bello) entre 1943-1946 en Chile. A partir de la lectura de las tres novelas que componen esta parte de la serie y las memorias de la autora, publicadas póstumamente, proponemos que Iris se introduce en su narrativa a partir del personaje de "Héctor Bello", el cual cumple las funciones ideológicas que la misma autora cumplía en su espacio político e intelectual en Chile de la década de 1910, sin embargo, no carga con las limitantes impuestas a la mujer de élite. El uso de este alter ego permite a la autora legitimar la discusión de fondo entorno a la crítica social que desarrolla, sin abrir el debate en cuanto las libertades de las mujeres en el espacio privado de manera tan explícita, y, de esta manera, mantiene una posición relativamente neutral dentro del relato.

From a socio-critical reading, the article proposes the existence of a male alter ego of the female author, as a character from the third part of the Alborada, the historical/memorialistic novels series published by Iris (Inés Echeverría Bello) between 1943-1946 in Chile. From the reading of the three novels in this part of the series, and the author's memoirs, published posthumously, we propose that Iris is introduced into her narrative through the character of "Héctor Bello", which fulfills the ideological functions that the same author achieved in her political and intellectual space in Chile in the 1910s, however, does not bear the limitations imposed on the elite woman. The use of this alter ego allows the author to legitimize the substantive discussion around the social criticism that she develops, without opening the debate about the freedoms of women in private space so explicitly, and, in this way, maintains a relatively neutral position within the story. ; Desde una lectura sociocrítica, el artículo propone la existencia de un alter ego masculino de la autora en un personaje de la tercera parte de la serie de novelas histórico/memorialísticas Alborada, publicadas por Iris (Inés Echeverría Bello) entre 1943-1946 en Chile. A partir de la lectura de las tres novelas que componen esta parte de la serie y las memorias de la autora, publicadas póstumamente, proponemos que Iris se introduce en su narrativa a partir del personaje de "Héctor Bello", el cual cumple las funciones ideológicas que la misma autora cumplía en su espacio político e intelectual en Chile de la década de 1910, sin embargo, no carga con las limitantes impuestas a la mujer de élite. El uso de este alter ego permite a la autora legitimar la discusión de fondo entorno a la crítica social que desarrolla, sin abrir el debate en cuanto las libertades de las mujeres en el espacio privado de manera tan explícita, y, de esta manera, mantiene una posición relativamente neutral dentro del relato.

The article analyzes some issues and peculiarities of the legal regulation for the restriction on the author's property rights to works in Ukraine through the lens of European and international approaches. The author analyzes the legislation of Ukraine, international and European regulatory sources, directly investigates the completeness of the legal regulation of the lawful free use of the author's work and the restriction of his/her property rights to the work (as a consequence of his/her intellectual activity). The article examines the existing international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and which are recognized as a part of the national legislation of Ukraine. It also analyzes codified and other legal acts adopted to implement the provisions of the Constitution and international agreements in order to determine the peculiarities of legislative regulation and consistency of terminology in the sphere of restriction of the author's property rights to works in Ukraine. As a result of the research, the author has highlighted the main inaccuracies and gaps in the legal regulation for the restriction on property rights to works and the free use of works as a copyright object. Namely, it is traced that in Ukrainian legislation there is a certain inconsistency between the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which use identically in meaning the concepts of "free use of works", "restriction of property rights", "exceptions and restrictions on property rights", "the lawful use of a work without the author's consent", which is not in line with international experience. The author concludes on the full implementation of the provisions of the Berne Convention on the three-stage test in national regulations and further improvement of the legislation in order to avoid disagreements with the European legislation in the investigated subject, which should be implemented in the Ukrainian legislation. Keywords: property rights to works, restriction on author's rights to works, free use of works, cases of free use of works, a three-step test, international treaties governing the restriction on property rights to works in Ukraine.

The paper is dedicated to reviewing the scientific heritage of the classic of French sociology E. Durkheim through the optics of identification of theoretical foundations of the concept of social cohesion. Methodological complexity of the research task is due to the lack of well-formed and clearly defined concept of social cohesion in the scientific heritage of E. Durkheim, reconstruction of theoretical axes of which requires sociological imagination and inductive method using. The author attributes the relevance of this research perspective to the fact that in most foreign studies dedicated to social cohesion phenomenon research there are either limited mentions of E. Durkheim as one of the founders of social cohesion concept or inaccurate interpretations of his views. The paper identifies seven theoretical axes of the concept of social cohesion, presented in the scientific heritage of E. Durkheim - homogeneity / differentiation, value-normative consensus / anomie, lack of interactions / constancy of interactions, mechanical solidarity / organic solidarity, relationship between individual and collective, inclusion / exclusion, integration / disintegration. The author has determined semantic purpose and presence at different social levels for each axis. It is established that some elements of certain theoretical axes are present as components of models of social cohesion empirical operationalization in contemporary foreign studies conducted by J. Chan, R. Berger-Schmitt, J. Jenson. It is summed up heuristics of E. Durkheim's definition of essence of social cohesion as a social process that has a dynamic nature of formation and reproduction, requires avoidance of extreme states of its implementation (overpowering or deficiency) and has an impact on all social levels – macro-, meso- and micro-. Emphasis has been placed on the identification of the classics of French sociology social cohesion practical significance as a social phenomenon that has preventive properties against a wide range of negative social phenomena and processes. This fact, according to the author, makes the concept of social cohesion heuristic not only for scientific discourse but also for contemporary state social policy.