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Critics regarded the selection of urban empowerment zones and enterprise communities by Secretary Cisneros in 1994 as sympathetic to President Clinton's considerations. However, the secretary countered that cities were chosen based on their ability to revitalize their communities successfully, as outlined in their applications. To determine whether the secretary responded to top‐down presidential preferences, data from the complete list of applications is used to test four hypotheses derived from principal—agent theory. The results of the logistic regression models do not validate the significance of the presidential variables (for instance, presidential support score for each city's congressional delegation, marginal districts, and 1992 state vote for President Clinton). Rather, many of the nonpresidential variables (community participation, size of the empowerment zone or enterprise community, and poverty) were significant in supporting the secretary's contention.

Community colleges have recently attracted great attention because of their important role in supplying employee training to many business establishments. But despite this major role, there is surprising variability in community colleges' supply of, and employers' demand for, employee training. While a few community colleges supply a lot of employee training, many provide little. Moreover, although large employers and ones in industries such as manufacturing tend to utilize the community college heavily, smaller employers and ones in industries such as retail trade use it much less. This article analyzes the causes of this variability in the demand for and supply of employee training and suggests policy responses. Public policy, while encouraging broader community college and industry partnership in employee training, must also move to counteract the harmful impacts of extensive employee training on other missions of the community college such as transfer preparation, remedial education, and general education.

Land ownership and usage has long been the pivotal factor in Guatemalan economic and social development and at the heart of the country's recent armed conflict and current poverty inequality. After describing the current situation in detail, this paper investigates the events and parties responsible for the non-realization of land reform. Finally, a strategy is suggested for minimal reform in the face of strong opposition. (InWent/DÜI)

Community colleges have recently attracted great attention because of their important role in supplying employee training to many business establishments. But despite this major role, there is surprising variability in community colleges' supply of, & employers' demand for, employee training. While a few community colleges supply a lot of employee training, many provide little. Moreover, although large employers & ones in industries such as manufacturing tend to utilize the community college heavily, smaller employers & ones in industries such as retail trade use it much less. This article analyzes the causes of this variability in the demand for & supply of employee training & suggests policy responses. Public policy, while encouraging broader community college & industry partnership in employee training, must also move to counteract the harmful impacts of extensive employee training on other missions of the community college such as transfer preparation, remedial education, & general education. 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 84 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.]

The development of Expeditionary Aerospace Force (EAF) operations requires rethinking of many Air Force functions. A Logistics Transformation Team, comprising Air Force and KPMG Consulting Incorporation personnel, is leading much of this transformation work. The very first step of the transformation initiatives is demand planning, which is the process of translating the war fighter's needs into executable logistics support plans and schedules. One important area that the demand planning focuses on is engine maintenance. This sub-mission is assigned to the F101 Engine Pathfinder Team, which is responsible for increasing the availability of the F101 engine. As part of the F101 Engine Pathfinder Team's effort, the focus of this thesis is to apply Modeling and Simulation (M&S), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Linear Programming (LP) to examine ways to reduce repair cycle time and work in process (WIP) investment for the F101 Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) rotor. We specifically evaluate a variety of job scheduling policies and spare levels.