Suchergebnisse

With its Regional Innovation Strategy, the PACA region gave a key role to support for innovation actors. The Regional Innovation Network, called " PACA Innovation ", was created to federate the innovation support structures. The ultimate goal is to enable an applicant to access any relevant resources whatever its entry point into the network. This assumes that the network members, heterogeneous actors unevenly distributed on the regional territory, manage to share a certain density of organized proximity that generates flows of communication and information sharing. Our aim is to situate these actors, geographically and institutionally , so as to analyze the modes, the potential, but also the brakes to their interactions. When geographical proximity combines with an organized proximity, it can strengthen cooperation and collective learning, but conversely it can also generate antagonisms and competition. ; Avec sa Stratégie régionale de l'innovation, la Région PACA a donné un rôle clef à l'accompagnement des acteurs de l'innovation. Le Réseau Régional de l'Innovation, dénommé « PACA Innovation », a été créé pour fédérer les structures d'accompagnement de l'innovation. L'objectif à terme est de permettre à tout demandeur d'accéder aux ressources pertinentes quelque soit son point d'entrée dans le réseau. Il suppose que les membres du réseau, acteurs hétérogènes inégalement répartis sur le territoire régional, parviennent à partager une certaine densité de proximité organisée qui génère fluidité de la communication et partage de l'information. Notre démarche a pour objectif de situer ces acteurs, géographiquement et institutionnellement, de manière à analyser les modalités, le potentiel, mais aussi les freins à leurs interactions. Lorsque la proximité géographique se conjugue à une proximité organisée, elle peut renforcer apprentissage collectif et coopération, mais a contrario elle peut aussi générer antagonismes et concurrence.

Since David Cameron's announcement for an 'in/out' referendum, Britain's membership of the European Union has been in jeopardy. This recent crisis in the UK-EEC/EU relationship is far from being the first one. Indeed, the UK has acquired the reputation of a difficult Member State since his accession in 1973. My dissertation explores this relationship throughout the different crises that occurred under the successive premierships in order to answer the following research question: is the current crisis surrounding Cameron's 'in/out' referendum a structural or a situational phenomenon? To that end, the dissertation body is divided into three parts. Part 1 deals with the legal and practical possibilities of withdrawal from the EU. Part 2 is a journey through the past UK-EEC/EU relationship with a focus on the crises and the reforms demanded by the former Prime Ministers. Part 3 focuses on the current crisis, exploring Cameron's demands for reforms and comparing them with three other party leaders' demands before the 2015 general election.

Etudes & documents ; The empirical literature on the political economy of finance emphasizes the importance of political institutions as crucial determinants of financial development and shows that democratic regimes are positively and robustly correlated with financial development. By using a three years periodic panel of 140 countries over 1984-2007, we show that democratic regimes appear to be significantly and positively correlated with financial development, but the opposition between democracies and dictatorships is not sufficient to account for differentials in financial development between countries. Indeed, our results highlight a significant and highly heterogeneous relationship between democratic regimes and financial development since the positive effect induced by democracies on financial development is explained by the presence of specific democratic political institutions, namely: parliamentary form of government and to a lesser extent federal state form. Thus, democracies seem to better foster financial development if its constitutional arrangement allows horizontal flexibility and vertical stability in the political decision-making process.

Darauf beharren "Realisten" gerne : Menschenrechtspolitik sei im besten Falle idealistisch, im schlimmsten arrogant - denn wem gebühre schon das Recht, sich in die inneren Angelegenheiten anderer Staaten einzumischen? Falsch. Gerade im Fall Chinas wäre es im Interesse Deutschlands, eine deutliche Menschenrechtspolitik zu betreiben. (IP)

We build an agent-based model to study how fiscal multipliers can change over the business cycle. Our approach considers the economy as a complex evolving system. In that, fiscal state-dependent multipliers are emergent disequilibrium phenomenon stemming from the interaction among an ecology of heterogeneous agents. We study fiscal multipliers in response to dfferent microeconomic shocks hitting the economy. We show that defficit-spending fiscal policy dampens the effect of a shock and lowers its persistence. Moreover, we show that the size and dynamics of the fiscal multi- plier is inversely related to the evolution of credit rationing in the aftermath of the shock. We also investigate the effects of two different balanced budget rules. In the first type of such experiments, government expenditure is constrained to be equal to tax revenues of each period. In the second one the tax rate is eventually raised to balance a given level of government expenditure. We show that fiscal multipliers are very low with both balanced-budget rules. Finally, we show that fiscal multipliers are higher into more leveraged economies.