Suchergebnisse

Institutes of the European Union on assistance of integration with countries of Eastern Europe: political and scientific and innovative aspects

In a modern world, the national economy plays a double role – of a sustainment mechanism for the population living within the appropriate territory, and of a link in the global value chain. The international labor division may be regarded as a labor division between nation-states. At the same time, the national economy is an open system where the exchange of goods, services, capitals and work force with external world happens to a greater or lesser degree, and which cannot exist without such exchange. The engineering industry has the greatest potential of the intra-industry division of labor. The engineering industry external commercial relations of three countries – the USA, Germany and China – are taken into investigation in the article.

The article considers the concept of strategic effect in international economic relations in a narrow sense, as a gain of national economy from purposeful support of the branches participating in international competition on oligopolistic markets. The mechanism of the competition of this kind according to the theory developed by J. Brander and B. Spencer is analyzed. The influence of the government support of domestic producers on the situation on oligopolistic markets and the opportunities of carrying out such policy under conditions of the effective WTO rules are considered (subsidization of aircraft industry by the WTO members is analyzed as an example).

In today's world there are three centers of industrial production: Western Europe, North America and East Asia. These regions account for the lion's share of world exports of industrial products. The financial crisis of 2008-2009 exerted major negative impact on the growth of international trade in these products. The article examines the trade in certain branches of engineering products in 1990-2000, the influence of the global crisis on international trade, as well as the balance of payments problems of major countries and regions of the world.

The place of Russian engineering in international trade-production ties system is defined, its position relative to the leading world engineering centers is evaluated, the main directions of foreign relations are analyzed. It is concluded that up to date, for the most part, Russia has taken a stand of an "assembly-room", typical for countries of medium development level. However, for a dynamic economy development, it needs a potent machine-building complex.